KEGG   ENZYME: 4.1.1.101
Entry
EC 4.1.1.101                Enzyme                                 
Name
malolactic enzyme;
mleA (gene name);
mleS (gene name)
Class
Lyases;
Carbon-carbon lyases;
Carboxy-lyases
Sysname
(S)-malate carboxy-lyase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(S)-malate = (S)-lactate + CO2 [RN:R11074]
Reaction(KEGG)
R11074
Substrate
(S)-malate [CPD:C00149]
Product
(S)-lactate [CPD:C00186];
CO2 [CPD:C00011]
Comment
The enzyme is involved in the malolactic fermentation of wine, which results in a natural decrease in acidity and favorable changes in wine flavors. It has been purified from several lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides [1], Lactobacillus plantarum [2], and Oenococcus oeni [3,4]. The enzyme contains a tightly bound NAD+ cofactor and requires Mn2+.
History
EC 4.1.1.101 created 2015
Pathway
ec00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
ec01120  Microbial metabolism in diverse environments
Orthology
K22212  malolactic enzyme
Genes
KOA: H3L93_07380
BSON: S101395_00948
BGY: BGLY_0768
STEA: C0679_15325
SAR: SAR0824
SUU: M013TW_0759
SUE: SAOV_0808
SUQ: HMPREF0772_12411
SUD: ST398NM01_0847
SUX: SAEMRSA15_06950
SUG: SAPIG0847
SUF: SARLGA251_07020(mleA)
SAUA: SAAG_01193
SAUE: RSAU_000745
SAUS: SA40_0708(mleA)
SAUU: SA957_0723(mleA)
SAUG: SA268_0721(mleA)
SAB: SAB0723
SAUB: C248_0858
SAUC: CA347_788
SAMS: NI36_03905
SUH: SAMSHR1132_07140
SCAP: AYP1020_2097(maeA)
SSH: NCTC13712_00737(maeA)
STAS: HYI43_10515
LMOE: BN418_2299
LMOB: BN419_2299
LMOQ: LM6179_02684
LMS: LMLG_2289
LMJ: LMOG_01326
LWI: UE46_06920
LGZ: NCTC10812_00377(maeA_1) NCTC10812_00594(maeA_2)
GSA: FOC50_03715(maeA)
LLA: L121483(mleS)
LLK: LLKF_0928(mleS)
LLT: CVCAS_0863(mleS)
LLS: lilo_0851(mleS)
LLD: P620_04890
LLX: NCDO2118_0920(mleS)
LLJ: LG36_1425(mleS)
LLM: llmg_1638(mleS)
LLR: llh_8140 llh_8145
LLN: LLNZ_08430
LLI: uc509_0940(mleS)
LLW: kw2_0875
LGR: LCGT_1018
LGV: LCGL_1022
LPK: LACPI_0666(mleS)
LRN: CMV25_01395
LACT: D7I46_00835
LACK: FLP15_06360
LTI: JW886_07140
LCAR: BHS00_07320
LPAA: BHS01_08120
LPET: lgb_01108(mleA)
LFO: LMK00_05510
SMU: SMU_137(mleS)
SMUT: SMUGS5_00590
SMJ: SMULJ23_0115(mleS)
SMUA: SMUFR_0114(sfcA)
SSA: SSA_0297(mleS)
SGO: SGO_0372
SGA: GALLO_2049(mleS)
SGG: SGGBAA2069_c20070(mleS)
SGT: SGGB_2032(mleS)
SOR: SOR_0297(mleS)
STK: STP_1531
STB: SGPB_0676(mleS.1) SGPB_1856(mleS.2)
SCP: HMPREF0833_10079
SSAH: HSISS4_01291
SMN: SMA_1946(mleS)
SIF: Sinf_1751(mleS)
SIE: SCIM_1365(mleS)
SIB: SIR_0584(mleS)
SCG: SCI_1645(mleS)
SCON: SCRE_1601(mleS)
SCOS: SCR2_1601(mleS)
SLU: KE3_1857
SSOB: DK181_03245
SPEI: EHW89_05110
SRAT: FY406_07155
STRG: SRT_01380(sfcA)
SVB: NCTC12167_01602(mleS)
SFER: NCTC12278_00569(mleS)
SAUP: NCTC3168_01064(mleS)
SURN: NCTC13766_01817(mleS)
SVF: NCTC3166_01684(mleS)
SRUM: GPZ88_03405(maeA)
SACY: O6R09_08480
LAC: LBA1075
LAD: LA14_1089
LAF: SD55_1087
LAW: LACWKB8_1669
LAE: LBAT_0400
LJE: BUE77_00990
LKL: DKL58_08555
LAPI: DKL56_01220
LHS: DLD54_07965
LPAI: GYM71_01915
LIQ: KBW87_07980
LMUL: PUW59_08905
LCA: LSEI_0740
LCZ: LCAZH_0682
LCS: LCBD_0816(mae1)
LCE: LC2W_0816
LCW: BN194_08070(mleA)
LCL: LOCK919_0843
LPQ: AF91_02850
LPI: LBPG_02805
LPAP: LBPC_0667
LCB: LCABL_08060(mleS)
LCX: LCA12A_1765
LRH: LGG_00726(sfcA)
LRG: LRHM_0704
LRL: LC705_00719(sfcA)
LRA: LRHK_722
LRO: LOCK900_0669
LRC: LOCK908_0718
LCHI: KG086_02955
LZE: KG087_03455
LHN: LHUE1_001806
LPAB: PQ472_11535
LPAH: LACPH_000674
LSB: LACSTY_000635
LPL: lp_1118(mleS)
LPJ: JDM1_0922(mleS)
LPT: zj316_1153(mleS)
LPS: LPST_C0897(mleS)
LPR: LBP_cg0885
LPZ: Lp16_0898
LPB: SH83_04640
LPX: ASU28_00685
LPG: BB562_11730
LARG: LPA65_04520
LRE: Lreu_1532
LRF: LAR_1441
LRU: HMPREF0538_20658
LRT: LRI_0433
LRR: N134_08445
LFF: LBFF_1737
LMU: LBLM1_05505
LOR: AYI71_10860
LVA: LV515_01475(maeA)
LFN: LF145_01580
LPON: LP475_07030(maeA)
LPAS: KZE55_08170
LPOR: PRK60_07860
LNG: BSQ50_03310 BSQ50_05415
LHW: BSQ49_00010 BSQ49_01295
LMAL: LM596_00015 LM596_01515 LM596_12185
LSN: LSA_02100(mleA)
LLE: AYR59_01285
LFV: LF543_06275(maeA)
FIX: M8332_06210
FCLI: M3M38_04950
FHIN: M3M39_01920
FMT: M3M35_04185
FCP: M3M37_06880
LBH: Lbuc_2270
LBN: LBUCD034_2368(mleS)
LPAR: FAM21731_01127
LCU: PL11_004795
LKF: DNL43_04480
LHIL: G8J22_02692(mleS)
LLAO: LHL71_05650
LBR: LVIS_2203
LBK: LVISKB_2276
LKO: ABN16_05050
LZY: LZ3411_1768
LSUA: H3M12_05495
LNA: RIN67_03990
LJI: ELX58_03325
LSL: LSL_1313
LSI: HN6_01094
LSJ: LSJ_1303c
LAGL: BEN83_08515
LACA: LAC1533_0047
LANI: FAX13_07485
LMUR: CPS94_00975
LSW: GTO87_07040(maeA)
LFD: QFX10_06835
LBT: AYR52_00740
LCY: LC20004_05215 LC20004_11665
LHO: LOOC260_100930
LKU: APS55_03150
ABOM: D7I45_00670
AAPI: MOO46_06125
AAPN: AAPFHON13_13540
LPD: AYR62_11485
LMAE: FGL90_03855
PPE: PEPE_1617
PPEN: T256_07955
PCE: PECL_1506(mleA)
PDM: ADU72_0857
PACI: A4V11_05510
PIO: PI20285_00265
LROS: LROSL1_0315
LGN: ABM34_02255
LHI: JP39_05195
LCT: BI355_1185
LALW: BTM29_10500
LALI: LA20249_02175
LFM: LF20184_07295
LZH: D1B17_05485
LFT: FG051_07015
CPAB: G6534_04450
LSA: LCA_0441(mleS)
LCV: FBA2_02430
LGM: LG542_07020
LBM: DS830_05645
LHB: D1010_15455(maeA)
LDX: LH506_00370
OOE: OEOE_1564
OEN: DSM07_03755
OSI: DLJ48_02150
LME: LEUM_1005
LCI: LCK_00751(mleS)
LKI: LKI_10035
LEC: LGMK_02380
LGS: LEGAS_0941(mleS)
LGE: C269_04640
LLF: BCR17_00270
LGC: A9176_06315
LSU: A6B45_04785
LPSE: FGL85_07985
WKO: WKK_06580
WCB: AO080_08520
WPA: CO680_03965
WCF: C6P13_05485
WHE: EFA59_00785
WDI: H9L19_02380
WVR: IE337_04420
FRU: M3M36_03550
LBE: MOO44_04270
XAK: KIMC2_18390
XAP: XA3_01220
EFC: EFAU004_02124(mleA)
EFAU: EFAU085_02153(mleA)
EFU: HMPREF0351_12120(sfcA)
EFM: M7W_884
EFT: M395_03495
EHR: EHR_08090
ECAS: ECBG_03055
EMU: EMQU_2067(sfcA)
EDU: LIU_11430
EGA: AL523_04115
ETH: CK496_04985
EGV: EGCR1_12540 EGCR1_14850
EAV: EH197_02060
ESG: EsVE80_04850(sfcA)
ELAC: I4Q40_03635
ECEC: NCTC12421_02474(mleA)
ERAF: J9537_00080 J9537_19975
EIE: ENLAB_16610(mleS)
EMS: P3T75_10470
ENI: CXM95_17510
VPI: BW732_03600
GAD: K8O88_03345 K8O88_08470
CAE: SMB_G1614(malS) SMB_G1621(malS)
CAY: CEA_G1604(malS) CEA_G1611
CSB: CLSA_c28840(malS)
CBV: U729_2458
CTYK: CTK_C00760(malS)
CEU: A7L45_00955
CFER: D4Z93_07640
CRW: CROST_010950(mleS_1)
EUU: ADJ67_03540
LUA: D4A81_00020
LGG: QJR73_12965
STOM: QU660_07485
MDV: C5Q96_05385
MNL: QU661_06560
VNK: VEIT17_18230
VRG: OKW85_09600
MMAX: LCQ47_03895
SELT: BCS37_00615
STIM: H1B31_02205
AFN: Acfer_0014
AIN: Acin_1469(sfcA)
SMOE: RGT18_24590
APV: Apar_1191
OLO: ADJ70_00725
BDE: BDP_1119
BDN: BBDE_1071
BAST: BAST_0549
BACT: AB656_03155
PDO: PSDT_0694
BNK: KIM372_11660(sfcA)
TRM: JO41_05735
TSK: HRI97_05460
TRP: ABH09_12210
FNC: HMPREF0946_00683
FUS: HMPREF0409_00925
FNE: FSDG_00236
FPD: CTM68_02315
FPEI: C4N17_06815
FPOL: ERS445057_00969(maeA)
LBA: Lebu_1156
LEO: AMK43_05115
LOT: AXF11_01710
LHF: JCM16775_1402
LSZ: JCM16776_1109
LHG: JMUB5056_1202
LTE: JMUB4039_1264
LWD: JCM16777_1208(mleS)
LGO: JCM16774_0712
PMZ: HMPREF0659_A5560
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:16345941]
  Authors
Lonvaud-Funel A, de Saad AM
  Title
Purification and Properties of a Malolactic Enzyme from a Strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Isolated from Grapes.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 43:357-61 (1982)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.43.2.357-361.1982
Reference
2  [PMID:6833282]
  Authors
Caspritz G, Radler F
  Title
Malolactic enzyme of Lactobacillus plantarum. Purification, properties, and distribution among bacteria.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 258:4907-10 (1983)
Reference
3  [PMID:2097345]
  Authors
Naouri P, Chagnaud P, Arnaud A, Galzy P
  Title
Purification and properties of a malolactic enzyme from Leuconostoc oenos ATCC 23278.
  Journal
J Basic Microbiol 30:577-85 (1990)
DOI:10.1002/jobm.3620300813
Reference
4  [PMID:23196745]
  Authors
Schumann C, Michlmayr H, Del Hierro AM, Kulbe KD, Jiranek V, Eder R, Nguyen TH
  Title
Malolactic enzyme from Oenococcus oeni: heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and biochemical characterization.
  Journal
Bioengineered 4:147-52 (2013)
DOI:10.4161/bioe.22988
  Sequence
[ag:ACX50963]
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 4.1.1.101
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 4.1.1.101
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 4.1.1.101
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 4.1.1.101
LinkDB

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