Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common type of cardiovascular developmental anomaly and is an important risk factor for the substantially increased morbidity and mortality in newborns. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is divided into more than 30 subtypes based on the cardiac or vascular abnormalities, of which VSD, atrial septal defect (ASD) [DS:H00546], tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) [DS:H00549], and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) [DS:H00433] are clinically the most common. VSDs can exist in isolation, can be complicated by additional intracardiac lesions, or can be part of more complex combinations, such as TOF, double outlet right ventricle [DS:H00918], or functionally univentricular hearts [DS:H01787]. Congenital VSDs arise from perturbations of cardiac development during embryogenesis and both environmental and genetic risk factors have been implicated in VSDs. Growing evidence highlights the key role of several transcription factors, including GATA4, in septogenesis.
Category
Cardiovascular disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
20 Developmental anomalies
Structural developmental anomalies primarily affecting one body system
Structural developmental anomalies of the circulatory system
Structural developmental anomaly of heart or great vessels
LA88 Congenital anomaly of a ventricle or the ventricular septum
H01926 Ventricular septal defect
