KEGG   MODULE: M01044
Entry
M01044            Pathway   Module                                 
Name
Astaxanthin biosynthesis, beta-carotene => astaxanthin
Definition
((K09836 K15746),K23037)
Diagram
M01044  Astaxanthin biosynthesis, beta-carotene => astaxanthin
M01044

Class
Pathway modules; Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides; Terpenoid biosynthesis
Pathway
map00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
map01100  Metabolic pathways
map01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K09836  
crtW; beta-carotene/zeaxanthin 4-ketolase [EC:1.14.99.63 1.14.99.64] [RN:R05345 R07563]
K15746  
crtZ; beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.15.24] [RN:R07568 R07572]
K23037  
CRTS; beta-carotene 4-ketolase/3-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.99.63 1.14.15.24 1.14.99.-] [RN:R05345 R07563 R07568 R07572]
Complete
cre  Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
vcn  Volvox carteri f. nagariensis
44745  Haematococcus lacustris
mng  Monoraphidium neglectum
rta  Ramlibacter tataouinensis
pect  Phaeomarinibacter ectocarpi
neo  Neorhizobium sp. SOG26
drh  Devosia rhizoryzae
jav  Antarcticirhabdus aurantiaca
acut  Acuticoccus sp. I52.16.1
bsb  Brevundimonas subvibrioides
brd  Brevundimonas sp. DS20
brg  Brevundimonas sp. GW460-12-10-14-LB2
brl  Brevundimonas sp. LM2
bvc  Brevundimonas vesicularis
brev  Brevundimonas sp. SGAir0440
bfq  Brevundimonas fontaquae
bres  Brevundimonas sp. 'scallop'
brea  Brevundimonas sp. AJA228-03
bren  Brevundimonas sp. NIBR11
parr  Paracoccus sp. Arc7-R13
paak  Paracoccus sp. AK26
plia  Paracoccus liaowanqingii
pmau  Paracoccus marcusii
paex  Paracoccus aestuarii
frb  Fretibacter rubidus
apop  Algimonas porphyrae
stax  Sphingomonas taxi
spii  Sphingomonas piscis
sari  Sphingomonas aliaeris
smat  Sphingomicrobium maritimum
poq  Polymorphobacter sp. PAMC 29334
pmea  Glacieibacterium megasporae
arue  Altererythrobacter rubellus
anh  Paraurantiacibacter namhicola
egn  Aurantiacibacter gangjinensis
qar  Qipengyuania aurantiaca
qps  Qipengyuania psychrotolerans
eli  Erythrobacter litoralis HTCC2594
elq  Erythrobacter litoralis DSM 8509
erk  Erythrobacter sp. KY5
erf  Erythrobacter sp. THAF29
pns  Erythrobacter neustonensis
eryt  Erythrobacter sp. JK5
erq  Erythrobacter sp. BLCC-B19
porl  Porphyrobacter sp. LM 6
phz  Porphyrobacter sp. HT-58-2
pot  Porphyrobacter sp. YT40
porc  Porphyrobacter sp. CACIAM 03H1
aflv  Pseudoblastomonas flavescens
ebk  Erythrobacteraceae bacterium WH01K
rmt  Roseomonas marmotae
pbr  Parvularcula bermudensis
pej  Pedobacter aquae
pek  Pedobacter sp. KBS0701
proe  Pedobacter roseus
pex  Pedobacter endophyticus
pmuo  Pedobacter mucosus
prk  Pedobacter riviphilus
pev  Pedobacter sp. D749
mup  Mucilaginibacter sp. PAMC 26640
muh  Mucilaginibacter celer
mgk  Mucilaginibacter ginsenosidivorax
mrub  Mucilaginibacter rubeus
mgos  Mucilaginibacter gossypii
mdj  Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis
mrob  Mucilaginibacter robiniae
mjj  Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis
msab  Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris
muy  Mucilaginibacter sp. cycad4
mug  Mucilaginibacter sp. 21P
maue  Mucilaginibacter aureus
sbx  Sphingobacteriaceae bacterium GW460-11-11-14-LB5
cmr  Cyclobacterium marinum
camu  Cyclobacterium amurskyense
cxi  Cyclobacterium xiamenense
bbd  Belliella baltica
evi  Echinicola vietnamensis
est  Echinicola strongylocentroti
echi  Echinicola soli
emai  Echinicola marina
alm  Algoriphagus sanaruensis
algo  Algoriphagus sp. NBT04N3
ahao  Algoriphagus halophytocola
mda  Mongoliitalea daihaiensis
rhoz  Rhodocytophaga rosea
psez  Aquirufa nivalisilvae
aanh  Aquirufa antheringensis
alen  Aquirufa lenticrescens
rsi  Runella slithyformis
run  Runella rosea
rup  Runella sp. SP2
fae  Fibrella aestuarina
fib  Fibrella sp. ES10-3-2-2
fli  Bernardetia litoralis
ber  Bernardetia aquimarina
hsw  Hymenobacter swuensis
hym  Hymenobacter sp. APR13
hyd  Hymenobacter sp. DG25B
hye  Hymenobacter sp. DG25A
hyg  Hymenobacter sedentarius
hyp  Hymenobacter psoromatis
hyz  Hymenobacter sp. PAMC 26628
hnv  Hymenobacter nivis
hyh  Hymenobacter oligotrophus
hyj  Hymenobacter jejuensis
hqi  Hymenobacter qilianensis
hrs  Hymenobacter sp. BT18
hbn  Hymenobacter busanensis
hts  Hymenobacter taeanensis
hmt  Hymenobacter monticola
htb  Hymenobacter tibetensis
hyk  Hymenobacter yonginensis
hsk  Hymenobacter sediminicola
hcw  Hymenobacter canadensis
hsb  Hymenobacter sublimis
haei  Hymenobacter aerilatus
hcu  Hymenobacter cellulosilyticus
hvl  Hymenobacter volaticus
hcf  Hymenobacter cellulosivorans
hyq  Hymenobacter latericius
hyu  Hymenobacter weizhouensis
pko  Pontibacter korlensis
pact  Pontibacter actiniarum
pont  Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037
ruf  Rufibacter radiotolerans
rti  Rufibacter tibetensis
rud  Rufibacter sp. DG15C
nib  Nibribacter ruber
add  Adhaeribacter radiodurans
aswu  Adhaeribacter swui
fbt  Flammeovirgaceae bacterium
prho  Porifericola rhodea
tpel  Tunicatimonas pelagia
cnq  Catalinimonas niigatensis
rsr  Roseivirga spongicola
 » show all
Reaction
Compound
C02094  beta-Carotene
C08592  Echinenone
C08583  Canthaxanthin
C15967  Phoenicoxanthin
C08580  Astaxanthin
Comment
There are multiple paths.
Reference
PMID:7592436
  Authors
Misawa N, Satomi Y, Kondo K, Yokoyama A, Kajiwara S, Saito T, Ohtani T, Miki W.
  Title
Structure and functional analysis of a marine bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster and astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway proposed at the gene level.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 177:6575-84 (1995)
DOI:10.1128/JB.177.22.6575-6584.1995
Reference
  Authors
Ojima K, Breitenbach J, Visser H, Setoguchi Y, Tabata K, Hoshino T, van den Berg J, Sandmann G
  Title
Cloning of the astaxanthin synthase gene from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) and its assignment as a beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase/4-ketolase.
  Journal
Mol Genet Genomics 275:148-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00438-005-0072-x
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