Chelonoidis abingdonii (Abingdon island giant tortoise): 116838357
Help
Entry
116838357 CDS
T07367
Symbol
LAMA2
Name
(RefSeq) laminin subunit alpha-2
KO
K05637
laminin, alpha 1/2
Organism
cabi
Chelonoidis abingdonii (Abingdon island giant tortoise)
Pathway
cabi04510
Focal adhesion
cabi04512
ECM-receptor interaction
cabi04820
Cytoskeleton in muscle cells
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:
cabi00001
]
09130 Environmental Information Processing
09133 Signaling molecules and interaction
04512 ECM-receptor interaction
116838357 (LAMA2)
09140 Cellular Processes
09144 Cellular community - eukaryotes
04510 Focal adhesion
116838357 (LAMA2)
09142 Cell motility
04820 Cytoskeleton in muscle cells
116838357 (LAMA2)
BRITE hierarchy
SSDB
Ortholog
Paralog
GFIT
Motif
Pfam:
Laminin_G_1
Laminin_EGF
Laminin_G_2
Laminin_B
Laminin_N
Laminin_I
Laminin_II
Laminin_G_3
Tropomyosin
DUF948
Motif
Other DBs
NCBI-GeneID:
116838357
NCBI-ProteinID:
XP_032659365
Ensembl:
ENSCABG00000004430
LinkDB
All DBs
Position
Unknown
AA seq
3290 aa
AA seq
DB search
MGYEDATMALSVLTAAAIDCNGCDGTLGTGSSKQRIFQVSVVVDEFESNLHTYLGWKNFP
GNYLEENSVSHCTLEMIVISYLKFCQSTSQSDGSSVYEEADETMESVQKKGIPELSSTAS
VNELEKLKTTSVNLKTSSKTSVARLFPAVLNLAANAIITTNATCGEKGSEMYCKLVEHVP
GQPARNPPQCRICDQNSRIPHQRHPITNAIDGKNTWWQSPSIQNGIEYHYVTITLDLQQV
FQIAYVIVKAANAPRPGNWILERSLDGVNYQPWQYYAVTDTECLTRYNIHPRRGPPSYAK
DDEVICTSFYSKIQPLENGEIHTSLINGRPSADDPSQVLLEFTSARFIRLRFQRIRTLNA
DLMMFAHKDPSEIDHIVTRRYYYSVKDISVGGMCICSGHARACPLDPATNRSTCQCEHNT
CGESCDHCCPGFNQKPWRAGTFLVKSECEECNCHGKTKECYYDENIADRNQSLNIHGEYT
GGGVCINCTHNTAGINCETCTDGYFRPKGVLPDDPNPCQPCSCDPVGSLHATCVKDEKHV
KGGMLPGFCHCKTGYAGKSCNRCALGYKGYPDCVSCSCSVKGSLNEDPCIGSCICKENVE
GENCDRCKPSFFNLQQDNPRGCEECFCSGKTNVCIDSHWTYSSVGDMNGWYLTDVPGLLR
VTPQQDSFDGPQRLSISNVAARRVLPLIYYWSAPSPYLGNKITAVGGHLKFTVSYELTGQ
EEAVQTILESDIIIEGAGLRISTSKEGIHLQPFEEHTEEVVLKPDLFTVHGTDSPVSKRE
FMTVLANIKRLLIRATFSYGIAAIYRLSGVSLEAADRYSTGRKVASGVEVCQCPPGYGGT
SCESCWPRHRRVNGTIFGGICEPCTCFGHADFCDDITGECIDCKYNTGGPYCDRCLPGFY
GDPTKGTNEDCQLCACPLTIPSNNFSPTCHLDRSHGLICDECPPGYAGPRCERCADGYFG
QPLIPGGSCRPCQCNDNLDFSSPGSCDSLSGACLICKPGITGQYCEKCADGYFGDALDLK
NCQSCQCNINGSFSEICNSQTGQCECKPNVVGRRCDECKPNYLWAPEKQFCIPCGCSPLR
SMSLRCDMSGRCICKSGFMGKRCELSRQVHKRKENPRATQQIQVPSQRWGFTGTSGCPRG
AYRPVDLPGTFGLQSSRGCVPCNCNSFGSKSFDCDENGQCHCQPGVAGKKCDRCAHGFYN
FEEGGCTPCECSHLGNNCDPVTGRCVCPPNTIGEKCDKCAPNYWGHDIVSGCKACDCSMV
GSLSFQCNLDTGCCSCHPKFSGDKCTQCRPGYWKYPQCIPCDCLLAGTDPQTCDAETEQC
SCVDGTGQCSCKVNVEGVRCDRCRSGMFGLYAKNPLGCNSCYCFGLTTQCSEAKELIRMW
LTLKPEQMVLPLVDENLQDSTTRGVVFQHPEIVANIELVMQDLQSEPIYWKLPEQFEGRK
LTAYGGKLKYAIYFEAREETGFATYNPQVIIRGGPPTSTRTIIRHMAAPLIGQLTRHELE
MTEHEWRYHGDDPRISSTVTREDFMDVLYNVHYILIKASHGSIMRQSRISEISMEVAEEG
NVSGMSRRAHLIEKCDCPVGYSGLSCEACSPGFYRLPSRSSGRRPGPTLGTCATCQCHGH
SNMCDPETSICQNCRHNTAGDHCERCAVGFYGNVRGSPEDCRPCACPLTIPSNNFSPSCV
AEGLSDYRCTACPPGYEGQYCERCSPGFSGDPRTPGGSCQEFCDDECIGLLLSDLDRLNQ
MTLSVNLSGPLPPPYKMLYGFENTTQELKHLLSPQRAPERLLHLAQKNLDTLVTEMDELL
TRATKVTADGEQTGQDAERTNERATSLGQFIKNTLQAAEAVNENAVKLNETLRIQDKTLE
KSLQALQSDIDRMMRELRRRKLNVQERAAQDELENAEALLNKVKKLFGEPREKNEELKNE
VRNKMADYKNKVDDAQELLREASSKIREANHLSAINQRNMTVIEKRKQAVESSRQEAKKT
LNEGNDILDEASRLANEINLAVEYVENFGDKIQPITDELKDKIDNLSQDIQDRMLPEKVL
QAENHAAQLNESSAILDGILAEAKNLSFNATVAFKAYSNIKDYIDEAERIAREAKARANE
AMQLASGPQGSLKDGAKNSLQKSFRVLNEAKKLENDVKENGDNLNSMQNRLKNADEKNSD
LLRALNDTFGKLAAIPNDTAAKVQAAKDKAGQANTTANDVLARIKDLNQNLLGLKNNYSK
LADDVAKTNAVVKDSTKNIADADATVKTLEKEADRLLDKLKPIKELQDNLGKNISQIKEL
INQARKQANSIKVSVASGGDCIRTYRPEIKKGSYNTVIVNVKTAVADNLLFYLGSAKFTD
FLAIEMRKGKVNFLWDVGSGVGRVEYPDLTIDDAFWYRIEASRTGRNGTISVQALEGPKA
TIMPSTFSAASPPGYNILDVDANAVLFVGGLTDKIKKSDAVRVTTFTGCMGETYLDSKPI
GLWNFRDTKGDCKGCAISPQVPDSEGTVQFDGDGYALVSRPVRWNPNVSMVMFKFKTFSS
SALLMYLATHDLKDFMSIELSDGHIKVSYDLGSGTTSAIGNQNHNDGKWKSFTLSRIQKQ
ANVSIVDIDTNQEEIIATSSTGSHFGLNLKADEKIYFGGLPTLRNLSMKARPEVNLKKYA
GCLKDIEISRTPYSILSSPDFVGITKGCTLENLYTVSFLRPGFMELQPVSFDMGTEINLS
FSTKNESGVILFGTAGTPIPPRRKRRQTGQAYYAVFLNKGRLEVHISTGIRDPRRITIRP
ESGDFHDGREHSIRIERIKGMFTVQVDEDRSQTQRLPTDQSITVKKLFVGGTPPYFQVAP
IRNIPPFEGCIWNLVINAIPMDFAQPVSFKNADIGQCRTLESEIRFPEGEDEDEATPASV
LIQPEPDGKEEKESTTATPRFSSSPLPPPSPSPPTHDSCAADIVPAVLEGGKQFGLSRNS
HIAAAFDDTKVKNRLTIEFEVRTEAESGLLFYMARINHADFATVQIKNGLPYFSYDLGSG
NTSTMIPNKINDGQWHKVKIFRTKQEGILLVDGVSNRTTSPKKADILDVVGMLYVGGLPI
NYTTRRIGPVTYSIDGCIRNFKMMEASVDLDNPTSSFNVGKCFINAEKGTFFDGTGFAKT
VGTYKVGTDLLVEFEFRTTRMNGVLLGISSQKMDGLGIELVDEKLMFHVDNGAGRFSAIY
EPDKPGSLCDGQWHKVTANKIKHRLELIVDGNQVDGSSPNGVSSSADTNDPVFIGGYPDG
LNQFGLTTNIRFKGCIRLLKLTKGTGKPQEISFSKALELKGVQPLSCPAN
NT seq
9873 nt
NT seq
+upstream
nt +downstream
nt
atgggatatgaagatgctacaatggcattgagtgtcttgactgcagcagcaatagactgc
aatggctgtgatgggacactagggacaggctcgagtaaacagagaatattccaggtgtcg
gttgtggttgatgaatttgagtccaatttgcacacgtatttgggctggaagaattttcct
ggaaattaccttgaagaaaattctgtgtcccactgtaccttggaaatgatagtgatttcc
tacttgaagttttgccagtccacttctcaaagtgatggctcctccgtatatgaagaagcc
gatgagactatggaaagtgtgcagaaaaaaggaattccagaattgagtagtactgcctct
gttaatgaactggagaagctgaagacaacctctgtaaatctgaagaccagctccaaaact
agtgttgccagattatttccagcagtgctgaacctggctgccaatgctatcatcacaacc
aatgctacctgtggagaaaaaggctctgaaatgtattgcaaactagttgaacatgtacct
ggacaaccagcaagaaaccccccacagtgtcgtatttgtgaccagaacagtaggattcca
catcaacgacacccaataactaatgcaattgatgggaagaacacttggtggcagagtccc
agtatccaaaatgggatagaatatcattatgttaccattacattggaccttcaacaggta
ttccagattgcatatgttattgtgaaagcagctaatgcccctcgacctgggaactggatt
ttggagcgttcactggatggtgttaactatcagccatggcagtattatgctgtaacagac
acagaatgcttgacacgttacaacattcatccgcgcagagggcctccatcctatgcaaaa
gatgatgaagttatatgcacttcattttactccaagatccaaccactggagaatggagag
attcacacatcattgatcaatggacgacctagtgctgatgatccttcccaagtattgctg
gaattcacctcagctcgctttattcgactgaggtttcagaggatacggacactgaatgct
gatttaatgatgtttgcacacaaagatcccagtgaaattgaccacatagttacaaggagg
tattactattctgtaaaagatatatctgttggaggcatgtgtatctgttctggccatgca
agggcttgtcctttggatccagcaactaacagatcaacttgtcaatgtgagcacaacaca
tgtggagaaagttgtgatcattgctgtcccggttttaatcaaaagccctggcgagctggg
acattcctggtcaaatctgagtgtgaagaatgcaattgtcatgggaagactaaggaatgt
tactatgatgagaatattgcagacagaaatcagagtttgaatatccatggagaatacact
gggggtggagtgtgtattaattgtacacacaacactgcaggcataaactgtgagacctgc
actgatggctacttcaggccgaaaggggtattaccagatgaccctaacccgtgccagcca
tgttcctgtgatccagttgggtctttacatgctacttgtgtcaaggatgagaaacatgtg
aaaggaggcatgctccctggattttgccactgcaagactggctatgcaggtaaaagctgc
aatcgatgtgcattgggttacaagggttatcctgactgcgtgagctgtagctgctctgtg
aaaggcagcttgaatgaagacccttgtataggatcctgcatttgcaaggaaaacgttgaa
ggagaaaactgtgatcgttgtaaaccaagtttcttcaacctgcagcaagataatcccaga
ggctgtgaggagtgtttttgttcagggaaaacaaatgtctgtatagactctcactggacc
tacagcagtgtaggagacatgaatggctggtatctgactgatgtacctggtctccttcga
gttacacctcagcaggacagttttgatggacctcagcggcttagcatcagtaatgtggct
gccagaagagtgctgccgctgatttattactggagtgcacccagtccttatctgggcaac
aaaataacagctgttggagggcatctgaaatttaccgtctcctatgagctcacagggcag
gaagaagctgttcaaacaatactggagtctgatatcatcatagagggagctggcttaaga
atcagcacttcaaaggagggcattcacctgcagccatttgaagaacacactgaagaagtt
gtgctgaaaccagacttatttactgtgcacggcactgactctccagtcagcaaaagggaa
ttcatgactgtgctggcaaatataaagaggctcctcataagagccacattcagctatggg
atcgctgccatctacaggttgagtggggttagccttgaagctgctgatcgctattcaact
ggtaggaaggtggcgtctggtgtggaggtttgtcagtgtcctccagggtatggtggtacc
tcctgtgaatcttgttggcctagacacagacgagtgaacggcactattttcggtgggatc
tgtgaaccatgcacatgctttggtcatgcagacttctgcgatgacatcacaggagaatgc
atagactgcaagtacaatacaggtggcccatactgtgatagatgtcttcctggtttctat
ggcgatcctactaaagggacaaatgaagactgccagttgtgtgcctgcccattaactata
ccttctaacaactttagcccaacatgtcatttagaccgaagtcatggattaatatgtgat
gaatgccctcctggctatgcaggaccacgctgtgagaggtgcgcagacggctattttgga
caacctttaataccaggaggatcatgccggccctgccagtgtaatgacaaccttgacttt
tccagtcccggcagctgtgacagcttatctggagcttgcctgatatgtaaacctggtata
acaggtcaatactgtgaaaagtgcgctgatggatattttggagatgctcttgatctaaag
aattgtcaatcgtgtcagtgcaacatcaatggctcattctcagagatctgcaactctcag
acagggcagtgtgagtgcaagcccaatgttgtggggcgtcgctgtgatgagtgtaagccc
aactatttgtgggccccagaaaagcaattctgcataccttgtggctgcagtcctttaaga
tccatgtcactgcgctgtgatatgtcggggagatgcatctgcaaatcaggattcatgggt
aaacgctgtgagctcagcagacaggtgcataaacggaaagaaaatccacgggccactcag
caaatccaagtcccttctcagagatggggcttcactggtaccagcgggtgcccccggggt
gcttacaggcctgtcgatttgcctggaacatttggtcttcagtcgtctagaggatgtgtt
ccctgtaactgcaattcttttggttccaaatccttcgactgtgatgagaacggacagtgc
cattgccagcctggcgtagcaggaaagaaatgtgatcgctgtgctcacggattttacaac
tttgaagagggaggatgcactccttgtgagtgttcccaccttggtaataattgtgatcca
gtcactggccgctgtgtgtgccctcccaataccataggagagaagtgtgataagtgtgca
ccaaattactggggtcatgacattgtcagtgggtgcaaggcctgtgactgcagtatggtt
ggatccctcagtttccagtgtaacctagatacagggtgctgctcctgccaccctaaattc
tctggggacaaatgcacgcagtgcagaccgggatattggaagtacccacagtgcattccc
tgtgactgcttgctggcagggactgatcctcagacttgtgatgcagagacggaacaatgt
tcatgtgttgatggtacagggcaatgtagctgcaaggttaacgtggaaggtgtccgttgt
gacaggtgcaggtctggaatgtttggactctatgccaaaaacccacttggctgcaacagc
tgctattgctttggcctgactactcagtgcagtgaggcaaaggagctgatccgcatgtgg
ctgaccttgaagccggaacagatggttctgccactggtagatgaaaaccttcaggacagt
actaccagaggggttgtattccaacatccagagatagtagctaacattgaactggtgatg
caagatctccaatcagaacctatttactggaaacttccagagcagtttgaaggccgaaag
ctgactgcctatggagggaaactgaaatatgctatctactttgaagcacgcgaagagacg
ggttttgctacctataatccccaggtcatcatcagaggtgggcctcccacaagtactaga
actatcatccgacatatggctgcccctttgattggtcagctgacaagacatgagctagag
atgacagagcatgaatggagatatcatggtgatgacccaagaattagtagtactgtgaca
cgtgaggacttcatggatgtgctgtacaacgttcattacattcttattaaggcttctcat
ggcagtatcatgagacaaagcagaatttctgagatatcgatggaagttgctgaagaaggc
aatgtgtctggaatgagtcgtcgtgctcacttgattgagaaatgtgactgcccagtgggc
tattctggcttgtcatgtgaggcatgttctccaggattttatagactgccttctagatca
tctggcaggagacctggcccaaccctgggcacctgtgccacatgtcaatgccatggacat
agtaatatgtgtgacccggaaacctccatatgtcagaactgcaggcataacactgctggc
gatcattgtgagaggtgcgcagttggattctatgggaatgtccgaggatctccagaggac
tgccgtccttgtgcgtgtcctctgaccattcccagcaacaactttagcccttcttgtgtt
gcggaaggtctcagtgattaccggtgtaccgcttgcccacctggatatgaaggccagtac
tgtgaaagatgttcccctggcttctccggtgacccaagaactccaggagggtcctgccaa
gaattttgtgatgatgaatgcataggactccttctaagcgacttggatcgactaaaccag
atgactctgagtgtcaatctcagtggcccgctgcctcctccatataaaatgctgtatggc
tttgagaacacaactcaggaattaaagcatttgctatcacctcagcgagcaccagagaga
ctccttcacttggcacaaaaaaacctggataccctcgtgacagagatggacgagctactg
acaagagctaccaaggtgacggcagatggagaacaaacagggcaggatgctgagaggact
aatgagagagccacgtctcttggacagttcatcaagaacacactccaggctgcggaagct
gtaaatgaaaatgctgtaaaactgaatgagacactccgaatccaagataagaccctggag
aaaagtcttcaggctctgcagagtgatattgatagaatgatgagagaactgaggagaaga
aagttgaacgtgcaagaaagggcagcccaagatgagttagaaaatgcagaagcccttttg
aacaaagtgaagaaattatttggagagcccagagagaaaaatgaggagctcaagaatgag
gtccggaacaagatggcagattacaaaaacaaggttgacgatgctcaagaactgctgaga
gaagccagtagtaaaattagggaagccaatcacttatctgcaatcaaccaaagaaacatg
acagtgatagagaaaaggaagcaagctgtagaaagtagcagacaagaggccaaaaaaaca
ctaaacgaggggaatgacatcttggatgaagccagccgtcttgcaaatgaaatcaattta
gctgtggagtatgtagaaaacttcggggataagatacaaccaatcactgatgagctgaag
gataaaatagacaatctctcccaagatattcaggataggatgcttccagaaaaggtgttg
caggctgagaaccatgcagcccaactgaatgaatcatctgcaatactggatggaatcctt
gctgaagctaaaaacctctcattcaatgccactgtagctttcaaggcatatagcaatatc
aaggactatattgatgaagcagagagaatcgccagggaggccaaggcccgtgcaaatgaa
gctatgcaactggcatctggtcctcaaggatcactgaaggatggtgccaagaactcactt
cagaaaagcttcagggttcttaatgaggccaagaagttagaaaatgatgttaaagaaaat
ggggataacttgaatagtatgcagaacaggttgaaaaacgctgatgaaaagaattctgat
ctcctgagagctttgaatgacacctttggaaagctggcagccattcctaacgatacagct
gcaaaagtgcaagcagctaaagataaagctggacaagctaacaccactgcaaatgatgta
ctggctaggattaaagacctcaaccaaaacctccttggcttaaagaacaactacagcaaa
ttagcagatgatgtggccaaaacaaatgctgttgtgaaagattccaccaagaacattgct
gatgcagatgccactgtaaaaaccctagaaaaagaagcagatcggctactggataaactc
aaaccaatcaaagaacttcaggataatttggggaaaaacatctctcagataaaagaactg
ataaaccaagcccggaaacaggccaattctatcaaagtctctgtggcttctggaggtgac
tgcattcgcacgtacagaccggaaataaagaaaggaagctacaacactgtcattgtcaac
gtgaagacagcagtagctgacaaccttcttttttatcttggaagtgccaaatttactgac
ttcttggccatagagatgcgtaaaggcaaggtgaacttcttgtgggatgtgggatctggc
gttggacgagttgagtatccagatctgaccatcgatgatgcattttggtaccggattgaa
gcctctaggactggaagaaatggcacaatttcagtacaagctctggaaggtcccaaagca
accatcatgccaagtaccttcagcgcagcctctccacctggttataatattctggatgta
gatgcaaatgctgtgttgtttgttggtggtctaactgataaaattaagaaatcagatgct
gtaagagtcactaccttcactggctgcatgggtgaaacttacttggacagcaagcccata
ggactgtggaatttcagggacacaaagggtgactgcaaaggatgtgctatcagcccacag
gtgccagacagtgagggaactgttcagtttgatggagatggttatgctttggtgagccgc
ccagtccgctggaaccccaatgtttctatggtcatgttcaagttcaagaccttctcttcc
agtgctctgctgatgtaccttgctacacatgacttgaaagatttcatgagcatagagctc
agtgatgggcatataaaagtcagctacgatctaggttcaggtacaacttctgctattggc
aaccaaaaccataacgatgggaaatggaaatcgttcaccctctcaagaatccaaaaacaa
gccaatgtatcaattgtagacatagacaccaatcaggaagagatcatagcaacatcttct
acaggaagccattttggtctcaacttgaaagctgatgagaaaatatattttggtggattg
cctactcttagaaacctgagtatgaaagcaaggcctgaagtgaacttaaagaaatatgca
ggctgcctcaaagatattgaaatttcacgaacaccatatagtatactgagcagccctgat
tttgtaggcataaccaaaggatgcacactggagaacctttacacagttagcttcctcaga
ccaggttttatggaactgcagccagtctcatttgacatgggtacagaaatcaacctgtcc
tttagcaccaagaatgagtctggggtcatcttatttggcacagcagggacacctataccc
ccaaggagaaaacgcagacagactgggcaggcctattatgcagtgttcctgaataaaggt
cgattagaagtgcatatctccactggaatacgagatccacgcaggatcaccatcagacct
gaatccggtgattttcatgatggtagagaacactccatccggatagaaagaatcaaaggg
atgtttactgttcaagtagatgaagacagaagccagactcagaggctacctactgatcag
tctataactgttaaaaaactctttgtgggagggaccccaccttactttcaggttgcgcct
atcaggaacatacccccttttgagggttgcatatggaatcttgtcatcaatgccatcccc
atggacttcgctcagcctgtgtccttcaaaaatgcagatataggccagtgtcgcactctg
gaatccgagatcagatttcctgaaggagaagatgaagatgaagctacccctgcttctgtc
ttgatccagcctgaacctgatggtaaagaggagaaagagagcacaactgccacccccagg
ttttcttcctctcctcttccaccaccatcaccttcacctcctacacatgactcgtgtgcc
gctgatatagtgccagctgttttggagggtggcaaacaatttggtctttcaaggaacagc
catattgcggcagcatttgatgataccaaagtgaagaacaggctcacaattgaatttgaa
gtccgaacagaggctgaatctggcttgcttttttatatggcccggatcaaccatgctgat
tttgccactgttcagataaagaatggactgccttacttcagctatgacctgggaagtggg
aacaccagcacaatgattccaaacaaaatcaatgatggccagtggcacaaggtaaaaata
tttcgaaccaagcaagaaggaatccttttagtagacggtgtttcaaacaggaccaccagt
cccaagaaggccgatatcttggatgttgtgggaatgctgtatgtcggaggattgcccatt
aactatacaacacgaagaattggtccagtcacctacagcattgatggttgcatcagaaat
tttaagatgatggaggcttctgttgacctggataatccaacttccagcttcaatgttggc
aaatgctttatcaatgcagagaaaggaacattctttgatggaacaggctttgccaaaaca
gttggaacatataaagtgggaacagatttactagtggagtttgaattccgtactactcga
atgaatggtgttctgctgggaatcagcagccaaaaaatggatggactcggtatcgagctg
gtagatgaaaaactgatgttccatgtggataatggcgcaggcagattctctgccatctat
gagcctgacaaaccaggcagcttgtgtgatggacagtggcacaaggttactgcaaacaag
atcaagcaccgattagaattaattgtggatgggaatcaggtggacggaagcagcccaaat
ggagtctccagttctgcggacactaatgatcctgtcttcattggaggatatcctgatggt
ctgaaccagtttggcctgactacaaatatccgttttaaaggatgcattcgtttgctgaag
ctcaccaaaggcactggtaaaccccaggagattagcttcagcaaagccttggagctgaag
ggagttcaacctctatcatgccctgcaaactaa
DBGET
integrated database retrieval system