Chroicocephalus ridibundus (black-headed gull): 134513240
Help
Entry
134513240 CDS
T10910
Symbol
LAMA2
Name
(RefSeq) laminin subunit alpha-2 isoform X1
KO
K05637
laminin, alpha 1/2
Organism
crid Chroicocephalus ridibundus (black-headed gull)
Pathway
crid04510
Focal adhesion
crid04512
ECM-receptor interaction
crid04820
Cytoskeleton in muscle cells
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:
crid00001
]
09130 Environmental Information Processing
09133 Signaling molecules and interaction
04512 ECM-receptor interaction
134513240 (LAMA2)
09140 Cellular Processes
09144 Cellular community - eukaryotes
04510 Focal adhesion
134513240 (LAMA2)
09142 Cell motility
04820 Cytoskeleton in muscle cells
134513240 (LAMA2)
BRITE hierarchy
SSDB
Ortholog
Paralog
Gene cluster
GFIT
Motif
Pfam:
Laminin_G_1
EGF_laminin
Laminin_G_2
Laminin_B
Laminin_N
Laminin_I
Laminin_II
EGF_LMN_ATRN
Laminin_G_3
DUF948
Motif
Other DBs
NCBI-GeneID:
134513240
NCBI-ProteinID:
XP_063185699
LinkDB
All DBs
Position
3:complement(69101877..69484879)
Genome browser
AA seq
3278 aa
AA seq
DB search
MARGSLPLLLLLAALGSRGQPPPPPQRGLFPAVLNLATNALITTNATCGEKGREMYCKLV
EHVPGQPARNPQCRICDQRSRVPHQRHPITNAIDGKNTWWQSPSIQNGIEYHYVTITLDL
QQIFQIAYVIVKAANSPRPGNWILERSLDGVDYQPWQYYAITDSECLTRYNIHPRPGTPS
YIKDDEVICTSYYSKIHPLENGEIHTSLINGRPSADDPSRVLLEFTSARFIRLRFQRIRT
LNADLMMFAHKDPNEIDPIVTRRYYYSIKDISVGGMCICSGHAKACPLDPATNKSICQCE
HNTCGETCDRCCPGFNQKPWHAGTFLVKHECEPCNCHGKTEECYYDQDVADRNQSLNVHG
EYIGGGVCVNCTSHTGGINCETCVDGYFRPKGVLADSPDPCQPCSCDPNGSLHDTCVKDE
KHAEGDMLPGFCHCKTGYAGESCNRCALGYMGYPECLPCNCSVKGSANVDPCVGPCTCKE
HVEGENCDRCKPGFFNLQQNNPKGCEECFCSGKTNVCTHSHLTYRSIEDMNGWYLTGLPG
LIRVTPKQKRFDGHQQFSISNVAARKVLPQTYYWSAPSSYLGNKVAAAGGHLKFTVSYDF
TEKEETVQLMVQSDVIIEGGDLRISTPKEGIHLQPSEEHTEEILLKPESFSVHGTDVPVS
RREFMTILANVKRILIRATYSYGMNAIYRLRSVSIEAADHTSTGRKVASAVELCDCPPGY
DGTSCEFCWPRHRRVNGTIFGGVCAPCTCFGHAEFCDDITGECLDCQHNTGGSYCDRCLP
GFYGDPTRGTAEDCQLCACPLNIPSNNFSPTCHFDRSRGLICDECPAGYVGPRCERCAEG
YFGQPLIPGGSCQPCQCNDNLDFSIPGSCDSLSGACLICKPGTTGQYCERCADGYFGDAL
DARNCQPCHCHINGSFSEICDSRTGQCQCKANVIGRRCDVCQPSYFWAPEKLFCIPCGCS
ALGSVSLQCDMSGRCICKSGFMGRRCEISRQVPKLKENARRSQQIRVPPRRWGISSASGC
PRGAYRPATLPETFGLQSSGGCVPCNCNSFGSKSFDCDGDGQCYCQPGVTGKKCDRCAHG
FYNFEEGGCTPCECSRFGNNCDPISGRCICPPNTVGEMCDKCAPNSWGHDLVSGCKPCDC
SLIGALSSQCDLNTGCCFCRPEFSGDKCTECRSGYWNYPQCVACQCFLAGTDPQSCDTEL
GKCSCIDHTGQCSCKVNVEGVHCDRCKSGTFGLSARNPLGCSSCYCFGLTTQCSEARGLI
RMWVTLKPEQMILPLVDEKLQRSTLSGIAFQPPEIVANIEQVMQDLRSEPVYWRLPEQFE
GRKLTAYGGKLKYAIYFEAREETGFTTYYPQVIIRGGPPTNTRIIVRHMAAPLIGQLTRH
EIEMTEHEWVYYGDDQRLRNTVSWEYYHDDSGVNRTVSQADFTWKYYGDDSRPSRAVTRE
DFLSVLYDVHYILIKATHGNIMRQSRISEIAMEVAEAGTVSGMTPQAYLIEKCDCPLGYS
GLSCESCSPGFYRLPSSPAGRTPAQPLGACVVCQCHGHSTMCDPETSICQNCQHNTAGHH
CERCALGFYGIVQGSPNDCQPCACPLSISSNNFSPSCVAEGPSDYRCTACPPGYEGQYCE
RCSSGYMGNPQAPGGSCQECECDRYGSLPVPCDPVTGQCTCKPGFTGWKCVGCEHRHARD
GMKCISCDDECTGLLLSDLDRLNQMILSVNLSGPLPAPYKILHGFENMTQELKHLLSPQR
APERLLQLAQENLDTLVTEMDELLTRATKVTADGEQTRQDAERTNDRAKSLGQFVKGILQ
AAEAANEDAIKLNETLRTYDETLEKGLPELQSEAERMIAALRNRALNMQERIAQDELKNA
EDLLDKVKKLFGEPSEKNEDLKNEVRDKLANYHTKVDDARDLLREATSKIREADRLSAVN
QKNMTMVEKKKQAVEDGRQDVEKSLQEGNDVLNAANKLANEISLAVEYVEGVADKIQPMS
DQLKDKIDDLSQEIRNRMLPEKVLQAENHAAQLNESSAILDGILDEAKNISFNATLAFNA
YTNIKDYTDEAEKVAKEAKALANEAMQATSGPQGSLKDGAKSSLQKSFRVLNEANMLEND
VKEKGNNLASMQNRLKDADENNSILLRVLNETLGKLSAIPNDTAIKVQAAKDKARQANDT
ANDVLAQIKDLNQNLLVLRNNYSKLADDVAKTNAVVKDPMKNIADADSSIKTLEKEADRL
LDKIKPIKELQDNLGKNISQIKELINQARKQANSIKVSVSSGGNCIRTYRPEIKKGTYNT
VIVNVKTLVADNLLFYLGSAKFTDFLAIEMRKGKVSFLWDVGSGVGRVEYPDLTIDDGFW
YRIEASRTGKNGTISVRALDGPKASIVPATFTAVSPPGYTILDVDANAVLFVGGLTEKIK
KSDAVRVTTFTGCMGETFLDSKPIGLWNFRDIEGDCKGCAVSPQVADGEGTVQFDGESYA
MVSRPIRWNPNISTVMFKFRTFSSNALLMYLATDDLKDFMSVELSGGRIKVSYDLGSGTA
SVISNQNHNDGKWKSFTLSRIQKQANISIVDIDTNEEETLATTSAGSHFGLNLKGHEKIY
FGGLPTLRNLRPEVNIKKYTGCLKEIEISRTPYNILSSPDFVGLTKGCTLENIYTVSFPK
PGFVELQPVSFDVGTEINLSFSTKNESGIILFGTSGTVVPPRRKRRFTGRKAAPPRRKRR
QTGQAYYAVFLNRGRLEVHISTGVRDPHRITIKPEAGEFHDGRAHSIRIERAKGMFTVQV
DEDKVQTQRLPTDQPISVKKLFVGGTSSQFQTAPLRNIPPFEGCIWNLVINATPMDFAQP
VSFENADIGQCPSLEPEVRPPEDEYKPIHTTVLIQPESDTNGEKERPRTTPASPPPPPSL
SSSLDSLATEMKSASITSAFDSMTDSCAADTEPAILEGGKQFGLSRNSHIAVAFDDTKVK
NRLTIEFEVRTTADSGLMFYMARINHADFATVQLKNGLPYFSYDLGSGDTNTMISNKIND
GRWHKIKVIRTKQEGNLIVDDVSNRTVSPKKADILDVVGMLYVGGLPINYTTRRIGPVTY
SIDGCIRSFKMTESPVDLDNPTSSFNVGKCFVTAQKGTYFDGTGFAKTVGAYKVGTDLLV
EFEFRTTRTNGVLLGVSSQKMDGLGIELVDGKVMFHVDNGAGRFSAIYEPDAPGSLCDGQ
WHKVLANKIKHRLELTVDGRQVDGNSPNRASTSADTNDPVYVGGYPDGVTQFGLTTNIRF
KGCIRFLKLTKGTAKPQEINFSKALELKGVQPLSCPAN
NT seq
9837 nt
NT seq
+upstream
nt +downstream
nt
atggcacggggaagtttgccgctcctcctgctcctggcggcgctcggcagccgaggccag
ccgccgccgccgccgcaaagagggttgtttcccgcagtgctgaacctggctactaatgct
ctcatcacaaccaacgctacctgtggagaaaagggtcgggaaatgtactgcaaacttgtt
gaacatgtacctggacagcctgcaaggaaccctcagtgccgtatttgtgatcaaaggagc
agagttccccatcaacgacatccgataacaaatgcaattgatggcaagaacacttggtgg
caaagccctagtatccagaatggaattgaatatcattatgtgaccattacattggacctc
caacagattttccagattgcgtatgttattgtgaaagcagctaactcacctcgacctggg
aattggatattagagcgttcgctggatggtgtagactatcaaccatggcagtattatgcg
atcacggacagtgagtgcctgacacgttacaacatccaccctcgtcctggaactccatcc
tatataaaagatgatgaagtaatatgcacttcttattattccaaaatccaccctctggag
aatggggagattcacacttctctaattaatggacggcctagtgctgatgatccttcgcgt
gtattgttagaattcacctctgctcgctttattcgcctgagatttcagaggatacggaca
ctaaatgctgacttaatgatgttcgcacacaaagatccaaatgaaattgatcccattgtt
acaaggaggtattactattccataaaagatatctctgttggaggcatgtgtatatgttca
ggccatgcgaaggcttgtccactggatccagcgaccaataaatccatctgtcagtgtgag
cacaacacatgcggagagacatgtgatcggtgttgtcctggtttcaatcaaaagccttgg
catgctggcactttcctggttaagcatgaatgtgaaccatgcaactgccatgggaagact
gaggagtgttactatgatcaggatgttgcagacagaaatcagagtttgaatgtccacgga
gaatacattgggggcggagtgtgtgtgaactgtacaagccacaccggtggcataaactgc
gagacatgtgtcgacggttacttcagacctaaaggggtattggcagatagcccagatcca
tgccagccgtgttcctgtgatccaaatgggtctttacatgatacctgtgtcaaagacgag
aaacatgcagaaggagatatgttgcctggtttctgtcactgcaagactggctatgcagga
gagagctgcaacaggtgtgccttgggttacatgggataccctgagtgcctgccctgcaac
tgctcggtgaaaggcagtgcgaatgttgacccttgtgtaggtccctgcacctgcaaggaa
catgttgaaggagaaaactgtgatcgttgcaaaccgggtttcttcaatctgcagcaaaat
aatcccaaaggctgtgaggaatgtttctgctctgggaaaacaaacgtctgcacacactct
caccttacctacagaagtatagaagacatgaatggatggtatctgactggcttaccgggt
ctcatcagagttacccccaagcaaaagagatttgacgggcatcaacagtttagcatcagc
aacgtggctgcacgaaaagtactgccacaaacttattattggagtgcacccagttcttac
ttgggcaacaaagtagcagcagctggaggacatctcaaatttacagtctcctatgacttc
acagagaaagaagagacagttcaattgatggttcaatctgatgtcatcatagagggaggt
gacttgagaatcagcactccaaaagaggggattcacctgcagccttctgaagagcacact
gaagaaattttgctgaaaccagaatctttctccgtgcatggcactgatgttcctgtcagc
aggagggagttcatgactatccttgcaaatgtaaagaggatcctcataagagccacatac
agctatgggatgaatgccatctacagactacgaagcgttagcattgaagctgctgaccac
acttcaactgggagaaaggtggcatctgcagtggagttatgtgactgtcccccggggtat
gatggtacctcgtgtgagttttgctggcctcgacacaggcgtgtgaatggcacaattttt
ggtggggtctgtgcaccgtgtacatgctttggtcatgcagaattctgtgatgatatcaca
ggggaatgcctggattgccaacacaacacaggtggttcatattgtgatagatgtcttcct
ggcttctatggtgatcctacaagagggacagctgaagactgtcagttgtgtgcttgcccc
ctaaatataccttctaacaactttagcccgacatgccattttgaccgaagtcgtggatta
atatgtgatgaatgcccagctgggtacgtgggaccacgctgtgaaaggtgtgcagaaggc
tattttggacaacctctaataccagggggatcatgccagccatgccagtgtaatgacaac
cttgacttctccattcctggcagctgtgacagcttgtctggtgcttgtctgatatgtaag
ccaggtacaacaggccaatattgtgagaggtgtgctgatggatattttggcgatgctctt
gatgcaaggaactgtcaaccctgtcactgtcacatcaatggctccttctcagaaatctgt
gactctcggacaggccagtgccagtgtaaagccaacgtgattgggcgccggtgcgatgtc
tgccagcccagctacttctgggccccagaaaagctgttttgtataccctgtggctgcagt
gctttaggatccgtatcactgcaatgtgatatgtcaggaagatgtatctgcaaatcagga
ttcatgggcagacgctgtgagatcagcagacaggtgcctaaattgaaagaaaatgcacga
aggagtcagcagatccgagtcccacctcggagatggggcatcagcagtgccagtgggtgc
ccacggggtgcttaccggcctgctactctgcctgaaacatttggcttacagtcttcagga
ggatgtgttccctgcaactgcaactcttttggttccaagtcctttgactgcgatggagat
ggacagtgttattgccagcctggagtgacaggaaagaagtgtgaccgctgtgctcatgga
ttttacaactttgaagaaggaggctgtactccctgtgagtgttcacgttttggtaataac
tgcgatcccatcagtggccgctgtatctgccctcctaatactgttggcgagatgtgtgac
aaatgtgcaccaaattcctggggccatgaccttgtcagtggctgcaagccctgtgactgc
agcctcattggagccctgagttctcagtgtgacttaaacacaggctgttgcttctgccgc
cctgaattctctggggataaatgcaccgagtgcaggtcgggttactggaattatccgcaa
tgtgttgcttgtcagtgcttcctggcagggactgatccacagagctgtgatacagagttg
gggaagtgctcgtgcattgatcatactggccaatgcagctgcaaggttaatgtggaaggt
gtccactgtgacaggtgcaagtctggtacatttggtctctctgccagaaacccacttggc
tgcagcagttgctattgctttggcctgactacacagtgcagtgaggcaagggggctgatt
cgcatgtgggttaccttgaagccagagcaaatgattctaccactggtggatgagaagctt
cagcgcagcactctttcagggattgcattccagcctcctgaaatagtagcaaatatagaa
caggtgatgcaggatcttcggtcagaacctgtttactggagacttccagagcagtttgag
ggacgaaagttgactgcttatggagggaaactgaaatatgcaatctactttgaagcacga
gaagaaacaggttttactacttactacccacaagtcatcataagaggtgggccccccacc
aatacaagaattattgtccggcatatggctgcccctttaattgggcagctgacaaggcat
gagatagagatgacagagcatgaatgggtatattacggtgatgaccaaagactcagaaac
actgtgtcctgggaatattatcatgatgactcaggtgtcaacaggacggtgtcccaggca
gatttcacatggaagtattatggagatgactcaagaccaagtagagctgtaacccgggaa
gacttcctgagtgtgttgtacgatgttcattacattctcattaaggcaactcatggcaat
atcatgaggcagagcaggatttctgagatcgccatggaagttgctgaagccggcactgtg
tctgggatgactcctcaggcttacctgattgagaaatgtgactgcccattgggttattct
ggtttgtcttgtgagtcatgctctccaggattttataggcttccatcttcacctgcggga
aggacacctgctcagcccttaggtgcctgtgttgtatgtcagtgtcatggacacagtact
atgtgtgaccctgaaacatcgatttgtcagaattgtcagcacaatactgctggtcaccac
tgtgagagatgtgcgctgggattttatggcattgtccaaggctctccgaatgactgtcag
ccttgtgcttgtcccctgtctatttctagtaacaattttagcccttcttgtgttgcggaa
ggacctagtgattaccggtgtactgcatgcccacctggatatgaaggccagtactgtgaa
agatgttcttctggctacatgggaaatccacaggctccgggaggctcgtgccaggaatgt
gagtgtgatcgatacggttccctgcctgtcccctgtgaccctgtcactggacagtgcact
tgcaagcctggattcacagggtggaagtgtgttggctgtgaacatcggcatgcacgtgat
ggcatgaaatgcatttcttgtgatgatgaatgcacaggactccttctcagtgacctggat
cggttaaaccagatgatcctgagtgttaaccttagtggtccactgcctgctccatataaa
atattgcatggttttgagaacatgacacaggaattaaagcatttgctttcacctcagcga
gcaccagagagacttcttcagctagcacaagaaaatctggataccctggtgacagaaatg
gatgaactactgacaagagctaccaaggtgacagcagatggtgagcaaaccaggcaggat
gctgagaggactaatgacagagcgaaatctcttggacagttcgtcaaaggcattctccaa
gctgctgaagctgcaaatgaagatgctataaaactgaacgagacactcagaacctatgac
gagaccttggagaagggtcttccagagctgcagagtgaggccgaaagaatgattgcagcg
ttgagaaacagagcgctgaatatgcaagaaagaatagctcaagatgagttaaagaatgca
gaagatcttttggacaaggtgaagaaattatttggtgagcccagtgagaaaaatgaggat
ctcaaaaatgaggtccgggacaagctagcaaactaccacaccaaagttgacgatgctcga
gatctgctaagagaagctacaagtaaaattagggaggctgatcgtttatctgcagtcaac
caaaaaaatatgaccatggtagagaaaaagaagcaagctgtggaagatggcaggcaagat
gttgagaagagcctgcaggaagggaatgatgtccttaatgcagccaacaaacttgcaaat
gaaatcagcttagctgtagagtatgtagaaggagttgcagataagatacagccaatgtct
gatcagctgaaggataaaatagatgacttatcacaagaaattcgtaacaggatgcttcca
gaaaaggtgttgcaagctgagaaccatgcagcccagctgaatgaatcatctgcaatactg
gatggaatcctcgatgaagccaaaaacatctctttcaatgccacacttgctttcaacgca
tacactaacatcaaggattacacagatgaagctgaaaaagttgccaaggaagccaaggct
cttgcaaatgaagctatgcaagcgacatctggtcctcaaggatcgttgaaggatggtgcc
aagagctctcttcagaaaagcttccgggtccttaatgaagccaacatgttagaaaatgat
gttaaagaaaaggggaacaacctggccagcatgcagaacaggctgaaagacgctgatgag
aataattccatcctcctgagagttttgaatgaaaccttgggaaagctgtcagccattcct
aacgatacagctataaaggttcaggcagccaaagacaaagcaagacaagccaatgatact
gcaaatgacgtcctggcccagattaaagaccttaaccagaatctcctggtcctgagaaac
aactacagtaaacttgcagatgacgtggcaaaaacaaatgccgttgtgaaggatcctatg
aagaacattgctgatgcagattccagtattaaaaccctagaaaaggaagcagatcgcctg
ctagataaaatcaagccaatcaaagaacttcaggataacttagggaaaaacatttctcag
ataaaagagctgataaaccaagctcggaagcaagccaattcgatcaaagtgtccgtgtcc
tctggaggcaattgtattcgcacatacagaccagaaataaagaagggaacatacaacacc
gtcattgtcaatgtgaagactctagttgctgacaatctgcttttttaccttggaagtgcc
aagtttactgacttcttggccatagagatgcgcaaaggcaaggtgagcttcctgtgggat
gtgggatctggtgttggacgggttgagtatccagatctgaccattgatgatgggttttgg
taccggattgaagcctctaggactgggaaaaatggcacaatatcagtgcgagctctggat
ggtcctaaagccagcattgtgccagccacattcactgcggtctctccacctggatatacc
attctggatgtagatgctaatgccgtgctgtttgttggtggtttaactgaaaaaataaag
aagtcagatgctgtaagagtcaccaccttcactggctgcatgggcgagacctttctagac
agcaagcccataggactgtggaatttcagggatattgaaggtgactgcaaagggtgtgcc
gtcagtccacaggtggcagatggtgaagggacagtccagttcgatggcgaaagctatgcc
atggtgagccgcccaatccgctggaaccccaatatttccacagtcatgttcaaattcagg
accttctcatcaaacgccctgctgatgtatcttgctactgatgacttgaaggatttcatg
agtgttgaactcagtggtgggcgtataaaagtcagctacgacctaggttcaggtacagct
tctgttatcagcaaccaaaatcataatgatggcaaatggaaatctttcaccctgtcaaga
attcagaagcaagccaacatatcaattgtagacatagacaccaacgaagaagagacctta
gcaacaacttctgcaggcagccactttggactcaacttaaaagggcatgagaaaatatat
tttgggggattgccaaccctgagaaatctaaggcctgaagtgaacataaagaaatacaca
ggttgcctcaaagagattgaaatttcaaggacaccgtataatatattgagtagtcctgat
tttgttggtctaaccaaaggatgcacactagagaacatttatacagttagcttccccaag
ccaggttttgtggaactgcagcctgtttcctttgacgtgggcacagaaatcaacctctcc
ttcagcaccaagaatgagtctgggatcatcttgtttggcacaagtggcacggttgtccct
cccaggagaaagcgcaggtttactggaaggaaagctgcccctccgaggagaaagcgcaga
cagacgggacaggcctactatgcagtgttcctgaacagaggtcgactagaagtgcatatc
tccactggggtacgggatccccacagaatcaccatcaaaccagaagctggcgagtttcac
gacggcagagcacactccatccggatagagagagctaaagggatgttcactgttcaagta
gatgaggacaaagtccagactcagagattgccaacggaccagcccatctctgttaagaaa
ctcttcgtggggggtacttcttctcagtttcagactgcacctctcagaaacataccacca
tttgagggctgtatatggaatcttgtcattaatgccacccccatggacttcgctcaaccc
gtgtcctttgaaaatgcggatattggccaatgtccctctctagaaccggaggttaggcca
cctgaggatgaatataaaccaatccatacaacagttctgatccaacctgaatcagacact
aatggggagaaagaaagaccaaggacgactcctgcttcccctcctcctccaccatctcta
tcttcatcacttgattcgcttgccactgaaatgaagagcgccagcattacttctgcattt
gactccatgacggactcctgtgccgctgacacagaacccgccattttggaaggtggcaag
caatttggtctttcaagaaacagccacattgcagttgcatttgatgacaccaaagtgaaa
aacagacttacaattgaatttgaagtccgaacaacggctgattctggcttgatgttttat
atggcccgcatcaaccatgctgattttgctacagtccagctaaagaatgggctgccttac
ttcagctatgatctggggagtggagacaccaacacaatgatttccaacaaaataaatgat
ggccggtggcacaagattaaagtcattcgaaccaagcaagaaggaaaccttatagtagat
gatgtttcaaacagaactgttagccccaagaaggctgatatattggatgttgtaggaatg
ctgtatgttggaggattgcccattaactacacaactagaagaattggcccggtcacctat
agcatcgacggctgcatcagaagttttaaaatgacagagtcacctgttgacctggataat
ccaacttccagcttcaatgttggaaaatgctttgtcactgcacagaaaggaacatacttc
gatggaacaggctttgccaaaacagttggtgcatacaaagtgggaacagacctgctcgtg
gaatttgaattccgtacaacacgaacgaatggtgttctcctaggagtcagcagccaaaaa
atggatgggctgggcatcgagttagttgacggaaaggtgatgtttcacgttgacaatggt
gcaggccgattctctgctatctatgagcccgatgcaccaggcagcttgtgtgacggacag
tggcacaaggttcttgcaaacaagatcaaacaccgcttagagctgactgtggatggcaga
caggtggacggcaacagcccaaacagggcctccacctcagcagacaccaacgaccctgtc
tatgtcggaggatatcctgatggcgtgacccagtttgggctgaccactaatatccgtttt
aaaggatgtattcggtttctgaagctcaccaagggtactgctaaacctcaagagattaac
ttcagcaaagctttggagctgaagggtgttcaaccactgtcatgccctgcaaactaa
DBGET
integrated database retrieval system