Charadrius vociferus (killdeer): 104289106
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Entry
104289106 CDS
T08577
Symbol
CACNA1B
Name
(RefSeq) LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B
KO
K04849
voltage-dependent calcium channel N type alpha-1B
Organism
cvf
Charadrius vociferus (killdeer)
Pathway
cvf04010
MAPK signaling pathway
cvf04020
Calcium signaling pathway
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:
cvf00001
]
09130 Environmental Information Processing
09132 Signal transduction
04010 MAPK signaling pathway
104289106 (CACNA1B)
04020 Calcium signaling pathway
104289106 (CACNA1B)
09180 Brite Hierarchies
09183 Protein families: signaling and cellular processes
04040 Ion channels [BR:
cvf04040
]
104289106 (CACNA1B)
Ion channels [BR:
cvf04040
]
Voltage-gated cation channels
Calcium channel, voltage-gated (Cav)
104289106 (CACNA1B)
BRITE hierarchy
SSDB
Ortholog
Paralog
GFIT
Motif
Pfam:
Ion_trans
Collagen
Ca_chan_IQ
GPHH
PKD_channel
Laminin_G_2
Motif
Other DBs
NCBI-GeneID:
104289106
NCBI-ProteinID:
XP_009886308
LinkDB
All DBs
Position
Unknown
AA seq
3276 aa
AA seq
DB search
MARFGDDLPTRYGGGGPAGAGRGSSRQGGPQAGQRMYKQSMAQRARTMALYNPIPVKQNC
FTVNRSLFIFSEDNVIRKYAKRITEWPPFEYMILATIIANCIVLALEQHLPDGDKTPMSE
RLDDTEPYFIGIFCFEAGIKIIALGFVFHKGSYLRNGWNVMDFVVVLTGILATAGTDFDL
RTLRAVRVLRPLKLVSGIPSLQVVLKSIMKAMVPLLQIGLLLFFAIVMFAIIGLEFYMGK
FHKTCFSNETGDEVGDFPCGEEPPARQCESGTTCREYWQGPNYGITNFDNILFAVLTVFQ
CITMEGWTDILYNTNDAAGNTWNWLYFIPLIIIGSFFMLNLVLGVLSGEFAKERERVENR
RAFLKLRRQQQIERELNGYLEWIFKAEEVMLAEEDKNAEEKSPLDGRAASEGPIQQGTAP
AETSPGRASSGSSYNMLKRAAIKKSKNDLIHAEEGSPFARASLKSGKNESSSYFRRKEKM
FRFFIRRMVKAQSFYWIVLCVVALNTLCVAMVHYDQPEKLTTALYFAEFVFLGLFLTEMS
LKMYGLGPRNYFHSSFNCFDFGVIVGSIFEVIWAAVKPGTSFGISVLRALRLLRIFKVTK
YWNSLRNLVVSLLNSMKSIISLLFLLFLFIVVFALLGMQLFGGQFNFQDETPTTNFDTFP
AAILTVFQILTGEDWNAVMYHGIESQGGVRSGMFSSIYFIVLTLFGNYTLLNVFLAIAVD
NLANAQELTKDEEEMEEATNQKLALQKAKEVAEVSPMSAANISIAAKQQNSSKSKSVWEQ
RTSQIRMHNFRASCEALYNELDPEERVRYATTLHIRPDMKTHLDRPLVVEPRSEGRNNIS
KLSPVDVQEVEQTKVSSTDGAEAPRKHHRHRDKEKLGEQEKGDVTKEENGESGANNKEER
HRQHRSSSKEVEGGGKEGKSERSRGQEGGKRHHRRGSVEEGAEKEHRRHRTHRHSAERQG
KEGNGTINGARSERRSRHRGGSRSGNREGEPGSKGENGEEPHRRHRFRNRALSTYDSVEK
ENGEKEGEAGEKEHRNHQPKENQCEIEASGSVTVPVHTLPSTYLQKVPEQPEDADNQKNV
TRMIQPPLDKTTTVNIPVTITAPPGETTVIPMNNVEFESKTEEKKDVDDLTKNGPKPILP
YSSMFILSPTNPIRRLFHYIVNLRYFEMVILIVIALSSIALAAEDPVQAESPRNDALKYL
DYIFTGVFTFEMVIKMIDLGLLLHPGSYFRDLWNILDFIVVSGALVAFAFSGTKGKDINT
IKSLRVLRVLRPLKTIKRLPKLKAVFDCVVNSLKNVLNILIVYMLFMFIFAVIAVQLFKG
RFFYCTDESKELEKDCRGQYLDYEKNEVEAQPREWKKYEFHYDNVLWALLTLFTVSTGEG
WPTVLKHSVDATYEEQGPSPGYRMEMSIFYVVYFVVFPFFFVNIFVALIIITFQEQGDKV
MSECSLEKNERACIDFAISAKPLTRYMPQNKQSFQYKMWKFVVSPPFEYFIMVMIALNTI
VLMMKFYDAPEAYEEMLKCLNIVFTSMFSMECVLKIIAFGVLNYFRDAWNVFDFVTVLGS
ITDILVTEIADTDNFINLSFLRLFRAARLIKLLRQGYTIRILLWTFVQSFKALPYVCLLI
AMLFFIYAIIGMQVFGNIALDDETSINRHNNFRTFLQALMLLFRSATGEAWHEIMLSCLS
NRACDPLSGLTKNECGSDFAYFYFVSFIFLCSFLMLNLFVAVIMDNFEYLTRDSSILGPH
HLDEFVRVWAEYDPAACCRIHYKDMYNLLRVIAPPLGLGKKCPHRVAYKRLVRMNMPISP
EDLTVHFTSTLMALIRTALEIKLASGGVKQHQCDAELRKEISLVWPNLSQKTLDLLVPPH
KPDEMTVGKVYAALMIFDFYKQNKNSREQVHQPPGGLCQPGPVSLFHPLKATLEQTQPTA
FNNAKAFLRQKSSASLNNGGALPAPEGGIKESSSWGTQRTQDVFYETRTPAFERGHSEEI
PIERVVEMREISPTLANGEHQPGLESQGRAASMPRLAAETQRSKARSPGSYLAPIPDTSP
MKRSVSTLTPQRPHAMHLYEYSLERMPPEQGHHHHHHRCHRRKEKKQKSLDRSPHQLADG
EAVAQSGESSSKDKKQERGRSQERKQHSSSSSEKQRFYSCDRYGSRDRSQPKSADQSRPT
SPNGGPEQGPHRQGSGSVNGSPLLSTSGASTPCRGRRQLPQTPLTPRPSITYKTANSSPV
HFTSFQTGLPTFSPGRLSRDEVNLLDKITSHAQDLSNISFGYDEANCSVLEIGQYATLNI
PTREAFGDRFADELSVLMKLRYSLKEDTSLVTILSHRSNVLFQIRINPYALVFVTTRRRH
YEFPVSFLGDGRWHQVALSISLERLELHVDCRLVDRVSWSSYFGMGVNTEGLIIIGGLIE
SFEIPFKGALQQLIFVMGDPSAAGEHCRSYNSTCTRSFNLHRFGSPWQLSPAWPEIFLST
RQCSSTTGYGLFSRCSSSIKNGVGGSLRWNCEKQVRVSVGHADNWLVSFAEGEFGFDSRL
TNSDLTLGPPWTWEDAQETLNLQPDGSALTSLSAAEMPSAEEEEEGSLSIEDEGFELLNS
TYNKITGPGRPGFGRSSPWVAGSSGPSIKTHRAAKKEPASDPGEENVTTEKLRGDAGTWR
QLSPGKPGDAITDLDVPATFAKVSPSVPRAAAPKGPLGTGSAVGVPEHPRVAASPAVPGL
GDGAARLGHPISPVAHRQRGHVKPGPPGLPGPPGLPGYPGAMGRTGPPGDPGPVGIPGVP
TIVLWRNSREDWQTFTGPRGEPGEPGRKGQRGYTGEPGLQGLPGRVGYPGSDGFPGLDGK
PGPWGLPGEQGLQGFQGDRGLAGEKGEEGFSGDPGPAGEKGEKGAKGMLGLKGATGFQGP
VGPEGEPGQPGSVGCQGVNGSQGEMGPPGLPGPRGPKGCRGPAGAKGDLGAKGDKGPYGA
QGAKGPPGIRGQMGLQGFPGPRGAAGPQGPDGEEGQIGPVGLNSSEGPKGLPGKPGSEGP
QGPVGTYGYPGPVGDRGRPGRRGDKGDPGTRGLDGIPGKPGLAGETGAPGAAGAAGPPGY
PGREGPNGPEGPSGMRGEKVRTEKGDAGDAGEAGVSGLDGEQGEAGTCGAPGIGGDPGEP
GDDGQEGSPGRPGEQGKEVRVLADTTVSRPGDGDREDVPPGALDGCTVTLVMLETQASQD
HRDRRVTLAPGAFLELPAREPPRGKLEKKAIKERRAKKVCWQVQRGCPSPPGPQCPCGLA
VGARSVSPELRDLAEPEDGLEIQGHEARTDLLVQQD
NT seq
9831 nt
NT seq
+upstream
nt +downstream
nt
atggctcggttcggggatgatctgccaacccgctatggaggtggagggccggccggggct
ggaagagggagcagccggcaaggtggcccccaagccggccaaaggatgtataagcagtcg
atggctcagagggccaggactatggctctctacaaccccatccctgtcaaacagaactgc
ttcacagtcaacagatccctcttcatcttcagtgaagataatgttatacggaaatatgcc
aagagaataacagagtggcctccatttgaatacatgattttagctacaatcatagccaac
tgtattgtactggctctggaacaacatttgccggatggagacaagacaccaatgtcagag
agattggatgacactgagccgtactttattggaatattttgttttgaagctggtataaaa
atcattgctctggggtttgtttttcataaaggctcttacctccgaaacggttggaatgtg
atggattttgttgtggtcctcacagggattctagcaactgctgggactgattttgacctg
cggaccctgcgagctgtccgagtgttacgacccctgaagcttgtgtcaggaatcccaagc
ttgcaggttgtcctcaagtccatcatgaaggcaatggtgcctttgcttcagatcgggctg
ctcctcttcttcgctatcgtgatgtttgccatcatcgggctggagttttacatggggaag
tttcataaaacctgcttctctaatgagacaggcgatgaggtgggagattttccgtgcgga
gaggagcctcctgccaggcagtgtgagagtgggaccacctgcagggagtactggcaaggg
cccaactatggcatcaccaacttcgacaacatcctctttgctgtgctcaccgtcttccag
tgcatcaccatggagggatggaccgacatcctctacaatacaaatgatgctgcaggaaac
acctggaactggctttacttcatccctctcatcatcattggctctttcttcatgctcaac
ttggtgctgggcgtcttatcgggtgaatttgccaaagaacgagaaagggtagaaaatcgt
cgagccttcctgaagctccgcaggcagcagcaaattgaacgggaactaaacggatacttg
gagtggatcttcaaagcagaggaggtcatgctggcagaggaagacaagaatgcagaagag
aagtctcctctggacgggagggccgcctcggaagggccgattcaacaaggcacggcaccg
gcagagactagtcccggcagagccagcagcggcagcagctacaacatgttgaaaagagct
gcaataaagaagagcaaaaacgacttgattcatgctgaagaagggtctccttttgcccgt
gccagtttgaagagtgggaagaacgagagctcatcctacttcaggaggaaagagaaaatg
ttccggttcttcattcggcgcatggtgaaagctcagagcttctactggatcgtcctctgc
gtggtggccctcaacacgctctgcgtcgcgatggtgcactatgaccagccggagaagctc
accaccgcgctgtatttcgcagagtttgtttttctgggtctgttccttactgagatgtct
ttgaagatgtatggactggggccaagaaactacttccactcttcgttcaactgctttgac
tttggggtcatcgtgggaagtatatttgaagttatttgggctgcagtgaaaccggggacc
tcattcggcatcagcgtattgagagcgcttcgactgctgaggattttcaaagtaacaaag
tactggaactccctgaggaatctggtggtctccttgctgaactccatgaagtccatcatc
agtttgctcttcctgctgttcctgttcatcgttgtgtttgccttgctggggatgcagctc
tttggaggacaattcaatttccaagatgaaacaccaaccacgaatttcgataccttccct
gccgccatcctcacagtattccagatcctgacgggggaagactggaacgcggtgatgtac
cacggcatagagtcgcagggcggcgtccgctcggggatgttctcctccatttacttcatc
gtcctgacgttgtttggtaactatacgctcctgaatgtcttcttggctatcgctgttgac
aatctggcaaatgcccaagagctgaccaaggacgaggaggagatggaggaagccaccaac
caaaagctcgctctgcagaaggccaaggaagtggccgaagtcagccccatgtctgcagct
aatatttccatagccgccaagcagcagaactcctccaaatccaagtcggtttgggagcag
aggaccagccagatccggatgcacaatttccgcgccagctgcgaggcgctgtacaacgag
ctggatccggaggagcgggtgcgttacgccaccacccttcacatcaggccagacatgaag
actcatttggatcggccgctggtggtagagccgaggagcgaaggcaggaacaacatcagc
aagctgagccccgtggacgtgcaggaggtggagcagaccaaagtcagctccactgatggg
gcagaagctccgcgaaagcaccaccggcatcgcgataaggagaaattgggagagcaagag
aagggcgatgtgaccaaggaggagaacggggaatctggcgccaacaataaggaggagcgg
cacaggcagcacaggagcagcagcaaagaggtggaaggggggggtaaggaagggaaaagt
gagcgcagcaggggccaggaagggggaaagaggcaccatcgccgggggtcggtggaagaa
ggtgccgagaaggagcaccggaggcatcggactcaccggcactctgccgaacggcaaggc
aaggaaggcaacgggaccatcaacggggccaggagcgagcggcgttcccgacaccgggga
gggtcgaggtctgggaacagggaaggagagcccgggtccaagggcgagaacggagaagag
cctcacagacggcacaggttcaggaacagagcactctcgacgtatgattcggtggagaag
gagaacggggagaaggagggggaggctggcgagaaggagcaccggaatcatcagcccaag
gagaaccagtgtgagattgaagctagtggaagcgtgaccgtccccgtgcacacccttccc
agcacctacctgcagaaagtcccggagcagccagaagacgctgacaaccagaagaacgtg
acgcggatgattcagccacctctggacaaaaccaccactgtgaacatccccgtcactatc
actgccccgccgggggagaccactgtcataccaatgaacaacgttgaatttgaaagtaaa
acagaggagaagaaagacgtcgatgacttgacgaaaaatgggcctaaaccaatcttgcct
tacagttccatgttcatcctcagtcctacaaatccgattcggcgtctcttccactacatt
gtcaacctgcgctattttgagatggtcatcctcatagttatagccctcagcagcatagcc
ctggctgcagaagaccctgtccaagcggagtcaccgaggaacgatgctctgaaatacttg
gattatatctttacgggcgtctttacctttgagatggtgatcaagatgattgacttgggg
ctgctcctccaccctggctcctacttccgtgacctgtggaatatcctggacttcattgtg
gtcagtggggccttggtggcatttgccttctcaggaaccaaaggcaaggacatcaacaca
atcaagtccctgcgagttctgcgggtcctcagaccgctgaagaccattaaacggctacca
aaactaaaggctgtcttcgactgcgtggtgaattctctgaagaacgtcctcaatatcctc
atcgtttacatgctcttcatgttcatttttgccgtcattgctgtgcagctcttcaaaggc
agattcttctactgcaccgatgagtcgaaggagctggagaaggactgcaggggtcagtac
ctcgattatgaaaaaaatgaggtggaggcgcagcccagggaatggaaaaaatatgagttc
cactacgacaacgtgctctgggctctgctcacgctcttcaccgtctccacaggcgaagga
tggccaactgtgctgaagcactcggtggatgctacctacgaggaacagggtcccagccct
ggctaccgaatggaaatgtctatcttttacgtggtgtattttgttgtcttcccttttttc
tttgtgaacatctttgtggcgttaatcatcatcaccttccaagagcaaggagataaagtg
atgtcagagtgcagcctcgagaaaaacgagagggcctgcatagacttcgccataagtgcc
aagccactgacccgctacatgcctcagaacaagcagtcttttcagtacaagatgtggaaa
tttgtggtgtcccctccctttgagtattttatcatggtcatgattgcactcaataccatt
gtcctaatgatgaagttctatgatgctccagaagcatatgaagaaatgttgaaatgcctg
aatattgtgtttacatccatgttttcaatggaatgtgtgctgaagatcattgcctttggt
gtgctgaattatttccgagatgcctggaatgtctttgattttgtaacagtgttgggaagt
attactgatattttagtaacagagattgcggacacggacaacttcatcaacctcagcttc
ctgcggctcttcagggcagccagacttatcaagctccttcgccagggttacactatccgc
atcttgctctggacctttgtgcagtcttttaaggccttgccttatgtgtgtctcctcatt
gcaatgctcttcttcatctacgccattatcggcatgcaggtatttggaaacattgctcta
gatgatgaaacctccattaatcggcacaataacttccgtaccttcctccaagccctgatg
cttctcttcaggagcgccacgggggaagcctggcacgagatcatgctgtcctgcctgagc
aacagagcctgcgacccgctctccggcctcaccaaaaacgaatgcggcagcgattttgcc
tatttctacttcgtgtcgttcatcttcctctgctccttcctgatgttaaacctgtttgtg
gctgtgatcatggacaattttgagtacctgacaagagactcctccatccttgggccccat
catttggatgagtttgttcgtgtctgggctgaatacgacccagctgcctgttgccggatt
cattataaggatatgtacaatttgttacgtgtaattgctccacccctgggcttaggaaag
aagtgccctcatagggtggcatacaagcgcctggtgcggatgaacatgccgatctcgcct
gaagatttaaccgtccacttcacgtccacgttgatggccttgatccgcactgccctagaa
atcaaacttgcctcagggggtgttaaacagcaccagtgtgatgctgagctgagaaaggag
atctcgctggtttggcccaatctgtcccagaagactctggatttgctggtgcctcctcac
aaacccgatgagatgactgtggggaaggtctacgcagcgctgatgatattcgacttttac
aagcagaataagaacagcagggaacaagtccaccagccgcccggaggcctgtgccagccc
ggcccagtgtcactcttccaccccctgaaggccactttggagcaaacccagcccacagca
ttcaacaacgcaaaggcgttccttcgccagaaaagctcagcctctctcaacaacgggggc
gcgttgccagccccggagggtgggatcaaagagtccagttcttgggggacccaacgcacc
caggatgtgttttatgaaaccaggacaccagcttttgaacgaggccactcggaagaaatc
cccatcgaacgggtggtagaaatgagggaaatcagccccacacttgccaacggagaacac
caaccaggcctggagagccaagggcgggcggcttccatgccgcgcctggccgccgaaact
cagaggagcaaagcacggtcacctgggagttacctagcacccatcccggacaccagcccc
atgaagcgctccgtctccacgctgaccccgcagcgccctcacgccatgcacctctacgaa
tactccttggagcgcatgccgccggagcaagggcatcaccaccatcaccaccgctgccac
cggcggaaagagaagaagcagaagtccttggacaggtccccccatcagctggccgatgga
gaagctgtggcccagtctggtgagtcttcttccaaggacaagaagcaggaacgcggccgg
tcccaagagaggaagcagcactcttcctcctcctctgaaaagcagcgcttctactcgtgc
gaccgctacggcagtagggaccgttctcagcccaagtctgccgatcagagcaggcccacc
tcacccaacggagggccggagcaaggtccacacagacagggcagtggttcagttaatggg
agccccttgctgtcgacatctggtgctagtaccccatgccggggtcggaggcagctccca
cagactccactcaccccacgtcccagcatcacttacaagaccgctaactcctcgcccgtg
cacttcaccagtttccaaaccggcctgcccactttctccccgggacgcctgagccgcgat
gaagtgaatttgctggacaaaattacttcccacgcacaggacctcagcaatatttccttc
ggctatgacgaagccaactgcagcgtcctggagatcgggcagtacgctaccctcaacatc
cctacgcgggaggcctttggggacaggtttgcagatgagctgagcgtgctgatgaagctc
aggtactcactgaaggaggacaccagcctagtgaccatccttagccatcggagcaacgtg
ctcttccagatcaggattaacccatacgccttggtctttgtcaccacgaggaggagacat
tatgagttcccagtttcctttctcggcgatgggcgctggcaccaagttgctctcagcatc
tccttggagagactggagttgcatgtggactgtcggctggtggacagagtgagctggtcc
agttattttgggatgggagtgaacaccgaggggctgatcatcatcggaggcctgatcgag
tccttcgagatccccttcaagggtgctctacagcaactgatcttcgtgatgggagaccca
tcagccgccggcgagcactgccgcagctacaactccacgtgcacgcgttccttcaacctc
caccgcttcggttccccgtggcagctctcgccagcctggccagagatatttctgtcaaca
cggcagtgttcttccaccacaggttatgggctcttctctcgatgttcttccagcatcaaa
aatggtgttgggggatcattgcggtggaactgtgagaagcaggttcgtgttagcgtgggc
cacgctgacaactggctcgtgtcctttgcggagggcgagtttggttttgactccagactc
accaattcagatttgaccctggggccgccttggacgtgggaggacgcccaggagaccctc
aacctccagcctgatgggagcgccctgacttcactctctgctgcagagatgccgtcagct
gaggaggaggaggagggcagcctttctattgaggatgaaggctttgagctgttgaactcc
acctacaacaaaatcaccggccccggcaggccagggtttggcaggagcagcccgtgggtc
gctggtagttccggaccctccatcaaaacacacagagcagccaagaaggagccagcctct
gaccccggggaggagaacgtcaccacggagaagctgaggggcgacgcgggcacctggcgg
cagctctcgcccggcaaacccggtgatgccatcactgacctggacgtgcctgccaccttt
gccaaggtctccccatcggtgcctcgggcagctgcccccaaaggtcccctggggacgggg
tcagctgtgggtgtccctgagcatccccgggtagcggccagccccgctgtcccagggctt
ggggacggcgctgcccgcctgggacaccccatctcgccggtggcccacaggcagcggggc
catgtgaaaccgggacctccggggctgccaggaccaccagggctgccggggtaccctgga
gccatgggacggacgggccctccgggcgacccgggccctgtgggcatccccggtgtcccc
accatcgtcctctggaggaactccagggaggactggcagacgttcacgggaccccgcggg
gagccgggggagccgggccggaaaggccagcgggggtacacgggcgaaccggggctccag
ggcttgccgggacgcgtgggttaccctggctcggatggattccctgggctggatggcaaa
cctgggccgtgggggctgccgggagagcagggactgcagggcttccagggcgaccggggg
ctggctggtgagaagggagaagagggtttctcgggtgaccccggaccggctggggagaaa
ggagagaagggagcgaaggggatgttgggtctgaagggtgcgaccggcttccagggcccc
gtggggccggagggagagccgggccagccgggatctgtcggatgccaaggtgtcaacggc
tctcagggagaaatgggtcctcctggcttgcccggcccccggggccccaagggctgtcga
ggtccagctggagccaagggtgacctgggagccaaaggagacaagggtccatacggagca
caaggagccaaaggacccccggggattcggggccagatgggcttgcagggctttcccggc
ccccgaggagcagcaggaccccagggaccagatggggaagaaggccaaatcggcccggtg
gggctcaacagcagtgagggacccaagggattgcctgggaagccgggctccgaggggccg
caaggacctgtcggcacctacggttacccgggacctgttggcgaccgcgggaggccgggg
cgcaggggagacaagggtgatcctggcacacgggggctggacggcatccctggaaagcct
ggcttggcaggagaaacgggggctcctggagcggctggtgctgctggcccacctgggtac
ccgggccgagaaggtccaaatggacctgaagggccttcggggatgagaggagagaaggta
aggacagagaagggtgatgcgggagatgccggggaagccggcgtcagcgggttggatggc
gagcagggagaggcaggaacctgcggagctccgggcatcggaggggaccccggggagccg
ggggacgatgggcaggaggggtccccggggcggcccggggagcaaggcaaggaggtacgt
gtgctggcggacaccacggtgtcacggccaggggatggggacagggaagatgtgccaccc
ggggctctggacggctgcacggtgacgctggtgatgctggagacccaggcgagccaggac
cacagggacagaagggtgacgctggccccaggggccttcctggagctcccggcccgggag
ccgccacgggggaaattggagaaaaaggccataaaggagagaagggccaagaaggtttgc
tggcaagtacagaggggctgccccagcccgccgggcccccagtgtccctgtgggctggca
gtcggggccaggtcggtgtcaccggagctgcgggacctggcggagccagaggatggtttg
gagatccagggccacgaggcacggacggacctactggtgcagcaggattag
DBGET
integrated database retrieval system
