Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare anomaly characterized by a distinctive phenotype, consisting of characteristic facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, developmental delay, renal anomalies, congenital cardiac defects, and genital anomalies in boys. Patients have a supernumerary derivative chromosome caused by a parental balanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22.
In more than 99% of cases, one of the parents of a proband with Emanuel syndrome is a balanced carrier of a t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) and is phenotypically normal.
