Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback): 120825188
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Entry
120825188 CDS
T07457
Symbol
dchs2
Name
(RefSeq) protocadherin-23
KO
K16507
protocadherin-16/23
Organism
gat
Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback)
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:
gat00001
]
09180 Brite Hierarchies
09183 Protein families: signaling and cellular processes
04515 Cell adhesion molecules [BR:
gat04515
]
120825188 (dchs2)
Cell adhesion molecules [BR:
gat04515
]
Cadherins
Cadherin related
120825188 (dchs2)
BRITE hierarchy
SSDB
Ortholog
Paralog
Gene cluster
GFIT
Motif
Pfam:
Cadherin
Cadherin_CELSR2_9th
Cadherin_pro
RET_CLD1
CADH_Y-type_LIR
SpaA_4
Motif
Other DBs
NCBI-GeneID:
120825188
NCBI-ProteinID:
XP_040042590
UniProt:
G3PXB2
LinkDB
All DBs
Position
IX:16740277..16763313
Genome browser
AA seq
3264 aa
AA seq
DB search
MWRAATGRGGAAAWLLRALALPLLCAHSSGQVFNLTLSVKEGLPAETIVGDLSAGLSGPS
TGFFISESRDSYVFRDLEIDADTGIISTAVVLDRESRDKYEFVAATLAGEVIRVKLEVED
VNDHSPQFPSEAVDLEISEQSPPGSRFHLEGARDEDEAEFGTQGYRITERGVGELFRLEY
RSGSEDHPSLDLVLTSRLDRETLDFYSLAIEAFDGGVPARTGTLQVNVRVLDENDNPPAF
DRSEYHASLPEGAAVASAVCQVTATDLDLGENGRITYEINRRQSDPDEVFSINETSGLVY
LNKPLDYETQAFHELVVGARDNGAQPESSSAFVGVKVLNVNDNSPAVSVLFLSETGEAVV
SEAAAVGDYVARISVSDPDFKEERVTVTLEEDGDDGKFILTQTDDYLYALCVNAQLDREE
RDLFELKVRASDSGSPPLSSETVLLLRVTDANDCRPAFERDAYVVRVPEDAPRGSALIQV
RARDADEEGVNSEVRYSIPGFDRDGPVSVDPESGWVTTAAALDREARAEVRFLVVAADGG
EPALSSTATVTVLVEDVNDNEPVFQRQLYNVSIPEHGDVGSCFLQVVATDADGPEFSELL
YSLSDGFDAEDKHPLFSVHPRTGQLCVSRDIDRDSGQTVHDVLIRAEDPGGLSAQTHVRV
EVEDLNDNAPVFNPGEYAASISGHAQPGTEILNVVASDRDSGRFGRVTYHVLPGDVSGLF
SLDATTGTLLLTSTLTHLGAASVKLSVTARDGEGVNAARPAEVTINVLRSAQAPAVFKRS
RYTFTVPEDAPPGTPVGTVEAVNPADSESATYRISSGDPRGLFSVHPKSGLISTVDLLDR
ESQPYALLILQSHSDASPVCGTTQVNVTVADVNDNAPAFPKPGDAVAVSQNTRPGTVLFI
ARARDRDSGANGEVRYHLKSTANGTFVVDRRLGTVTLNQSLQGGHQQRYNLEIVAEDGGE
PPLSSTLTLAVSVELAAAAEDGLAFETLVYQVEIGEGYRKDARVIQVRAHRGRGAHGSNS
GITYTLEAEAGFPPAPFRVHPNTGWLFLSRGLDFETEPEFRFRVEASLANATASAAVLVL
VLDVNDNPPAFGSEVYHFTVPEGSSPRGLVGTVKAVDEDSGKNAQLSYILLTDGKFFRIN
SKTGEIINWVALDREQHSQHSLKVMVTDNGRPRLNATAAVHILVTDLNDNTPQFTHLPAS
KELSVQIWAGLPAGSLVTNMFAKDLDAGENGTVTFSLVAADSQVEGFGPFEIDGESGDIR
TTEPFAHQNSGSFYAVKVTARDGGVPPLEDTALIHVQVDGLDSERQMMRRFTVREDAEPA
TVIGSAAVSSEGRFRYSISEGDGSVHFGIDGSSGDIYVNQPLDYESAAQYRLTVRAEDEG
PSAGANASLLVAVAVEDVNDHTPWFPDKLVTFGLREDAAVGSLAFAFRARDGDGTFPNSA
LRYSLALDSQLGRSPSRFPFHVDPGTGRLTVTAPLDRETNPGFAFTVTATDRAERTEERR
RSSVTAQVFLLDVNDNRPVFVSVDTVQVMEDAEVGSLLHRFVSIDGDLGENGVVSYVVTA
GNKRGFFTLEEKSGLLFLSSPLDYETERFHRLTVRAVDHGLPPLSSTQTLTVEVEDVNDR
RPVFSESIYNASVAENRDPGEPVIRVSATDDDSEENAVVWYSLLPGAGYELFSIDPHSGL
ITTTSQLDREQQHHFTLRVQARDSSTRPLSGTATVLCAVLDDNDNPPEFMQPSFQISLPE
NLPPGGVHTAQASDPDSGENGTIHYSILGDDHRGRFTINSRTGAVSTTRVLDREEMQNYT
LAIQACDYGATQLCSSTRLQLLLLDQNDNVPSFTRKSYHASVSEGLPAGAEVLRVHAFDP
DEGPNGDLTYSLTEDSSQGAFSVDAFTGVIRTTRSLDREARAQYTLRAVAVDGCSQGPLS
SVASLTVQVEDVNDNAPVCEQNPVNAWVSAGTPPNQIVATVAATDGDQGDNGTVQFALSD
EENLFEINGESGEISLRRRVRAGFSGRNLQVVVSDKGRPALSATCLVVIHLKGEHEGLQF
TDKVYNATIKENSRAGAWIAIVEASDQTNIRQRITYTIFSGNENHVFSINRHTGEIRVQK
DNSLDYEASPQIQLVVLADNGLQTAHCRVSVALLDVNDNAPVFEHSGYRTAVWEGQVHNT
YIMQVFASDADSGLNGQIEYSIVSGNPNQAFVLDSVRGILATRVLLDREITPSYKLVLQA
ADRGNPPLSSTTTLRVQVVDVNDNSPAVPPMEPVVVAENLPAGYKVTQVTANDVDLSSTI
TYSFSDNSSTDFPFAIDPYTGVVTLTRALDYEARTEYTLTVWASDSLHQTTGEVKVEVLD
VNDNAPVFTEVSYQVELSELVSEDTLVLSVSATDSDSGLNGKINYRLLSSPLQGFYIVPD
NGSVFTNKPLKAITNGNLIHLLVEARDEGEPMQSTVASVDVLIVDTNDHTPLFHQDIYTL
TVPEDTPTDTTLLTLSAEDRDWSPENTHLDYGIIGGNEERRFCLEVKMVQVENQMKNVGK
LVLCNPLDRETTESYALAVRVSDRGTPPLNSSAVVTVTVTDCNDNAPVFSSTGYHAQVSE
NSHVGARLVQVSARDPDLGTNGLLRYDIISGNGKGHLKLNRQSGLLVVNHSLDYEEDPKY
TLTIRATDGVESSEQRKVAFTVVFITVLDENDNTPYFMFPTVNCSVPENLPAFTHTCSVH
AVDNDSGPYGQLSYSIVSSCFTDYGSGSPEKKEGFAIDPLTGDIHTRQTFDYERESEYCF
VVEARDKGNKAATVRVTVSIKGVDEFSPVFTQKQYHFLLSESTGPGEVVGYVMAMDHDGG
VDGLVEYSLVRSSPFFSINKTIGAIFVSGPVYRRRGSQASEDLVELVVSAASPRSTSRTT
ACLVLIDISSSAEALTGVPLDAHMLSLSVSLIMFLLMLLVFVGSLLKYKMKEAAIKKAAA
VAANPDHETGSFGRAGSQSAISLQEMKPPGVVVAETDGSTPCSPSDSSGRGSAEGETAED
QEIKWINQYPCRNRDDQVGELADSALPRDNISCHSADDVSEQMSSAEKRLVSAMASTESL
HHFKEEGGGEGLLPAILRVRDLEENMRTYGYAPLSEAHASADSLSSLLCLEEQTHGSYSW
DYILDWEPRFQPLASVFTDLGMLPDEELQGGREDLAAEASCLMYPPPLITGVAHPGIRTV
HPRKPGRMPSLRRKPSYPKYAYSPLGRNTGLTPSAMTPTFAPSLSSLTVRTPNASPVVSD
TGVGGIRLDSGPLTASLLEAEIQV
NT seq
9795 nt
NT seq
+upstream
nt +downstream
nt
atgtggagagccgcgacgggtcgcggaggtgccgcggcgtggctcctccgcgccctcgcg
ctgccgctgctttgcgcgcactcgtccggacaggtgttcaacctgacgctgtccgtcaag
gagggtttgcccgccgaaaccatcgttggtgatctgtcagcggggctgagcgggccaagc
accggcttcttcatctcggagagcagagactcgtacgtgttcagagacttggagatagac
gcggacacggggatcatctccacggcggtggtcctggacagagagagcagagacaaatac
gagttcgtggcggccactctcgcgggggaggtgatacgcgtgaaactggaggtggaagat
gtcaacgatcactctccacagttcccctcggaggcggtggacttggaaatctccgagcag
agccccccggggagtcggtttcacctcgagggtgccagagatgaagacgaggccgagttt
ggcacgcagggatacaggatcacggagcgcggcgtgggggagttgttccgcctggagtat
cggagcggatccgaggaccacccgagcctggatctcgtcctgacaagcagactggacagg
gagacgctggacttctactctctcgccatcgaggccttcgacgggggcgtccccgccagg
acggggaccctccaggtgaacgtgcgcgtcctggacgagaacgacaacccccccgcgttc
gaccgcagcgaatatcacgcctcgctgccggagggtgccgcggtggcgtcggccgtgtgc
caggtcaccgccaccgacctggacctgggcgagaacggccgaatcacctacgagatcaac
cggcggcagagcgacccggacgaggtgttctccatcaacgaaaccagcgggctggtgtac
ctcaacaagccgctcgactacgagacgcaggccttccacgagctggtcgtcggcgcccga
gacaacggggctcagcccgagagcagcagcgccttcgtgggcgtcaaggtgctcaacgtc
aacgacaacagccccgccgtcagcgtgctgtttctcagcgagaccggggaggcggtggtg
tccgaggccgcggccgtcggggactacgtcgcccggatttcggtgtcggacccggacttt
aaggaggagagggtcaccgtcacgctggaggaggacggcgacgacgggaagttcatcctg
acgcagacggatgattacctttacgcgctgtgcgtaaacgcgcagctggaccgggaggag
cgggacctgttcgagctgaaggtgcgggcgtcggactccgggagcccgcctctgagcagc
gagacggtgctcctgctgcgggtgacggacgccaacgactgccgcccggcgttcgagagg
gacgcgtacgtcgtccgcgtccccgaggacgcgccacgggggagcgccctcatccaggtg
cgcgctcgagacgccgacgaggagggggtcaactcggaggtcaggtactccatcccgggg
ttcgaccgcgacggcccggtcagcgtcgatccggagtcgggctgggtcaccacggcggcg
gccctggacagagaggcgcgggcggaggttcggttcctggtggtggcggctgacggagga
gaaccggccctgtcgtccacggcgacggtgaccgtgctggtggaggacgtcaacgacaac
gagcccgtgttccagcggcagctgtacaacgtgtccatacccgagcacggcgacgtcggg
agctgcttcttgcaagtcgtggccacggacgcagacggcccagagttcagcgagctgctc
tactctctgtcggacggcttcgacgcggaggacaaacacccgctcttcagcgtccacccg
cgcaccggacagctgtgcgtctcgcgggacatcgaccgagactcgggccagacggtccac
gacgtcctgatccgagccgaagacccgggaggcctgagcgcgcagacccacgtgcgcgtc
gaggtggaggacctgaacgacaacgcgccggtgtttaaccccggcgagtacgcggcgagc
atcagcgggcacgcgcagcccggcaccgagatcctcaacgtcgtcgcctccgacagagat
tcgggccggttcggacgggtgacctaccacgtcctgcccggggacgtgtccgggttgttc
tcactggatgcaacaacaggaacgctcctgctgacctccactctcacccacctgggtgca
gccagcgtgaagctctcagtaaccgctcgggacggggagggcgtgaacgccgcccggccc
gcggaggtcaccatcaatgttttgcgcagcgcccaggctccagctgtgttcaagaggtcc
cgttacacctttacggtgcctgaagacgcaccgccggggacacccgtggggacagtggag
gccgtaaacccagcagactctgaatcggcgacctaccggatctcctccggcgacccgcgg
ggtttgttctccgtgcacccgaagtccggcctgatcagcaccgtcgacctcctggaccgc
gagtcgcagccctacgccctgctgatccttcagtcccacagcgacgcctcgcccgtttgc
ggcaccacgcaggtcaacgtcacggtggccgacgtcaacgacaacgcccccgccttcccg
aaacccggcgacgccgtcgcggtgtcccagaacacccgcccgggcaccgtcttgttcatc
gcccgcgcgcgcgaccgcgacagcggggccaacggggaggtgcggtatcacctgaagagc
accgcaaacggcacgttcgtggtcgaccgccgcctcgggacggtcacgttgaatcagagt
ttgcaggggggtcatcagcagaggtacaacctggaaatcgtagctgaagatggaggggaa
cctcccctgagctccacgctgaccctcgcggtcagcgtggagctcgccgccgccgccgag
gacggcctggccttcgagacgttggtctaccaggtggagataggcgagggctacaggaag
gacgccagggtcatccaggtgagggcgcaccgcgggcggggggctcacgggtccaactcg
ggcatcacctacaccctggaggccgaggccggattccccccggctccgtttcgcgtccac
ccgaacaccgggtggctgttcctctcccgcggcctggactttgagacggagcccgagttc
cgttttcgagtggaggcctcgctggcgaacgccacggcctcggccgcggtgctggtgctg
gtgctggacgtcaacgacaacccgccggcgttcggcagcgaggtctaccacttcaccgtg
cccgaggggtcgtcgcctcggggcctggtgggaacggtcaaggccgtggacgaggactct
gggaaaaacgcccagctgtcctacatcctgctgacggatgggaagttcttccgcatcaac
tccaaaacaggtgagattatcaactgggtggctttggaccgggagcagcacagccagcac
agcctgaaggtgatggtcacagacaacgggcgccctcgcctcaacgccaccgccgccgtc
cacatcctggtcaccgacctcaatgacaacacgccacagtttacacacctgcctgccagc
aaggagctcagcgtccagatatgggctggtctaccagcgggctccttggtgacaaacatg
tttgccaaagatttggatgcaggagaaaacggaacggtcaccttctctttggtcgcagcc
gactcgcaggtcgagggtttcggaccctttgagatcgacggtgaaagcggagacatccga
acgacggagccgttcgcccatcagaactccgggtcgttctacgccgtgaaagtgacggcc
cgggacggcggggtccctcctctggaggacactgcgctcattcatgtccaggtggatgga
ctggactctgaacgccagatgatgaggcgttttacggtgagggaggacgcggagccggcg
accgtcatcggctccgccgccgtctcctccgaagggagattccgctactccatctccgag
ggcgacggcagcgtccacttcggcatcgacggctcctcgggggacatttacgtcaaccag
ccgctggactacgagtcggccgcgcagtaccgcctcacggtgcgcgccgaggacgagggg
ccctccgccggggccaacgcgtctctgctggtcgccgtggcggtggaggacgtcaacgac
cacacgccctggtttcccgacaaactggtgaccttcggcctgagggaggacgccgcggtc
gggtcgctggcgttcgctttccgcgccagggacggcgacgggacttttcccaacagcgcc
ctgcgctactcgctggccttggattcccagctgggccgctctccctcgcgcttcccgttt
cacgtcgaccccggcacggggagactgaccgtgacggcgccgttagaccgggagaccaac
cccggcttcgccttcaccgtcacggccaccgaccgggccgagaggacggaggagcggcgg
cgctcgtcggtgacggctcaggtgttcctgctggacgtgaacgacaacaggccggtgttt
gtgtccgtggacaccgtccaggtgatggaggacgcagaggtggggagcctgctgcaccgt
ttcgtgtccatagacggtgacctcggagaaaacggggtcgtctcctacgtcgtcacggcc
ggaaacaagagaggattcttcacgctggaggagaaaagcggcctcttgtttctgtcgtcg
cctctcgactacgagacggagcggttccaccgcctcaccgtccgcgcggtggaccacggc
ctgccgccgctctcctccacccagaccctgacggtggaggtggaggacgtgaacgaccgg
agacccgtcttcagcgagagcatctacaacgccagtgtggcggagaacagagaccccggg
gaaccggtgatccgggtctctgccaccgacgacgattcggaggagaacgccgtggtgtgg
tacagcctgttgcccggcgccggatacgagctcttcagcatcgaccctcacagcggcctc
atcaccaccacctcccagctggaccgcgagcagcagcatcacttcacgctccgagtgcag
gcccgtgacagcagcacgcggcctctgtccggcacggccacggtgctctgcgccgtgctg
gatgacaacgacaacccgccggagttcatgcagccctccttccagatcagcctgccggag
aacctcccccccgggggggtgcacacggcgcaggcctccgacccggacagcggcgagaac
ggaactatacactactccattttgggtgatgaccacagaggtcgcttcaccatcaacagc
cgcacgggtgccgtcagcaccactcgagtcctcgaccgcgaggaaatgcagaattacaca
ctcgccatacaggcctgtgactacggcgccacccagctctgctcctccacccgactccag
ctgctgctgctggaccagaacgacaacgtcccctccttcacccgtaagagctaccacgcc
tccgtcagcgagggcctccccgcgggagccgaggtcctgcgcgtccacgcctttgacccc
gacgaggggcccaacggcgacctgacctactctctgacggaggacagcagccagggggcc
ttctcggtggacgctttcacgggggtgatccgcaccaccaggtccctggacagggaggcc
cgtgcacagtacaccctcagggccgtggccgtcgacggctgctcccaagggccgctgagc
tccgtggcgtcgctcaccgtccaggtggaggacgtgaacgacaacgcgccggtgtgcgag
cagaatcccgtgaacgcctgggtttccgccgggactccgcccaaccagatcgtcgccacg
gtggcggcgacggacggcgaccagggcgacaacgggacggtgcagttcgcgctgtccgat
gaggagaacctgtttgagatcaacggcgagtcgggagagatttcactgaggaggcgagtg
agggcaggtttctccggtcggaacctgcaggttgtggtttcagacaaagggcgacccgct
ttgagcgccacctgcctggtggtcatccatctgaagggagaacacgaaggactgcagttc
accgacaaagtgtacaacgccaccatcaaggagaacagccgagccggcgcttggatcgcg
atagtggaggccagcgaccaaacaaacatcaggcaaaggatcacctacaccatctttagt
ggcaatgagaaccatgttttctccatcaatcgtcacacgggtgagatccgtgtgcagaaa
gataactctctggactacgaggcgagtccgcagatccagctggtggtgctggctgacaac
gggctgcagacggctcactgcagggtctccgtcgccttgctggacgtaaacgacaacgcg
cccgtgtttgaacacagcggctacagaacggccgtgtgggaggggcaagtgcacaacacc
tacatcatgcaggtttttgcttctgacgctgacagcgggctgaacgggcagatcgagtac
tccatcgtgtccggtaaccccaaccaggcgttcgtcctggactctgttcgcgggattctt
gctaccagagtcttgctggaccgagagatcacgccctcatacaagctggttctgcaggca
gcagacagggggaaccctcctctcagcagcaccaccaccctcagggtccaagtggtggat
gtcaacgacaacagccccgccgtcccccccatggagcctgttgtcgtagcagagaatctg
ccggcgggttacaaggtcacccaggtgactgcgaatgacgtggacctgagctcaaccatc
acctacagcttctcagacaacagcagcaccgactttcccttcgccattgacccgtacacc
ggcgtggtcactctgacccgagccctggactatgaggcgcggacagagtacacgttgacg
gtgtgggcgtcggattccctccaccagaccaccggagaggtcaaagttgaagtgcttgac
gtcaatgacaacgctccggtctttaccgaggtctcctaccaggtggaattgtcggagttg
gtctcagaggacacgttggttttgtcagtgtcggctaccgacagcgactctggactcaac
gggaagatcaactacaggctgctttcatctcctttacaaggcttttacatcgtgccagac
aatgggtctgtttttaccaataagcccttgaaggccatcaccaacgggaacctgatccat
cttctggtcgaggccagagatgagggcgaaccgatgcagtccactgtcgcctctgtagac
gtgctgattgtggacaccaacgaccacacgccattgttccaccaggacatctacacgctc
accgtgccagaggacacgcccacggacaccaccctgctgacgctgtctgcagaggaccga
gactggagccccgaaaacacccacttggactacggcattatcggaggaaatgaggaaagg
cgtttttgtctggaagtaaaaatggttcaagttgagaatcagatgaaaaatgtaggaaaa
ctggttctgtgcaaccctttggaccgagagaccacggaaagctacgcgctggcagtgagg
gtgtccgatcgaggaacgccgccgctgaacagctccgccgttgtcacggttaccgtgacg
gactgcaacgacaacgcccccgtcttctccagcacagggtaccatgctcaagtgagcgaa
aacagccacgtaggcgcccgactggtccaggtcagcgctcgggacccggacctgggaacc
aacggcctgttgcggtacgacattatctcagggaacggcaaaggtcaccttaagctcaac
cgccaatccggcctcctggtggtcaaccactcgctcgactatgaggaagaccccaagtac
accctcaccatccgagcgactgacggcgtcgagtcgtccgaacaacgtaaagtggctttt
acagtggtcttcatcacagtgctggatgaaaacgacaacactccgtacttcatgtttcct
actgttaactgttctgtgccggagaacctcccggcgtttacccacacctgttcggtccac
gccgttgacaacgactcgggtccctacggccagctctcctactccattgtgtcctcctgc
ttcacggactacggcagcggcagccccgagaagaaggagggctttgccatcgacccctta
accggcgacattcacaccaggcagacctttgattacgaacgcgagagtgagtactgcttc
gtcgtggaggcgcgggacaaaggcaacaaagcagctacggtgagagtgacggtgtccatc
aaaggggtggatgagttcagtcccgtcttcacccaaaagcagtaccatttcctcctgagc
gaaagcaccgggcctggagaggtagtcggttacgtcatggcaatggaccatgacggaggg
gtggacgggctggtggagtactccctcgtgaggtcgtcgccttttttctcaataaacaaa
acgataggcgccattttcgtgtcaggtcccgtgtaccgcagaagaggcagtcaggccagc
gaggacctggtggagctggtggtgtcggcagctagtcccagatcgacctccaggaccacc
gcctgcctggttttgatcgatatctccagctcagcagaagccctcaccggggtgcctctc
gacgcgcacatgctgagtttgagtgtctcgctcatcatgttcctcctcatgcttctcgtt
tttgtgggctcgcttctcaagtacaagatgaaggaagcggcgatcaaaaaggccgccgcg
gtcgccgcgaacccggaccacgaaacgggctcgttcggcagagccggtagccaaagcgca
atctctttgcaggagatgaaaccccccggcgtcgtggtggccgagacggacgggtcaacc
ccgtgcagcccgtcggactcgagcggccgaggatcagcggaaggggagacagctgaggac
caggagatcaagtggatcaatcagtacccctgtcgtaacagagacgaccaggtcggagag
ctcgcagactctgctctacctcgggacaatatctcctgccactcggccgatgacgtatcg
gagcaaatgtcctctgcggagaaacgtctggtctcagcgatggccagcacggagagcctc
catcatttcaaagaggagggaggcggcgaagggctgctccctgctatactcagggtgagg
gacttggaggagaacatgaggacatacggatacgctcccctctcggaagctcacgcttct
gccgattctctctcctcgctgttgtgtctcgaggagcagacgcacgggagctacagctgg
gactacattttggactgggagccacgcttccagcccctggcctcggttttcaccgacctc
gggatgctccccgacgaggagctccaaggcggccgcgaggacttggcggcagaggcgagc
tgtctcatgtacccgccgccgctcataacgggagtagctcacccgggaattaggaccgta
catccaagaaagccgggccgcatgccgagcctgaggaggaagccctcttaccccaaatat
gcgtattcccccttaggcaggaacacgggacttaccccttcagccatgacgcccactttc
gccccgtcactgtcttctctcaccgtcaggacccccaatgcctcgccggtggtctctgac
accggggtggggggcatcagactcgactcaggaccactcactgccagcctgctagaggca
gagatccaagtgtag
DBGET
integrated database retrieval system
