KEGG   PATHWAY: ko00195
Entry
ko00195                     Pathway                                
Name
Photosynthesis
Description
Photosynthesis in green plants and specialized bacteria is the process of utilizing light energy to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. It consists of the light dependent part (light reaction) and the light independent part (dark reaction, carbon fixation). The light reaction takes place in thylakoid, a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The light energy is used by photosystems I and II to generate proton motive force and reducing power (NADPH or NADH). The proton motive force is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP, essentially in the same way as the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The supplies of ATP and NAD(P)H are then used to fix carbon dioxide.
Class
Metabolism; Energy metabolism
Pathway map
ko00195  Photosynthesis
ko00195

Module
M00157  F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:ko00195]
M00161  Photosystem II [PATH:ko00195]
M00162  Cytochrome b6f complex [PATH:ko00195]
M00163  Photosystem I [PATH:ko00195]
Orthology
K02108  ATPF0A, atpB; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a
K02109  ATPF0B, atpF; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit b
K02110  ATPF0C, atpE; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit c
K02111  ATPF1A, atpA; F-type H+/Na+-transporting ATPase subunit alpha [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
K02112  ATPF1B, atpD; F-type H+/Na+-transporting ATPase subunit beta [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
K02113  ATPF1D, atpH; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit delta
K02114  ATPF1E, atpC; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit epsilon
K02115  ATPF1G, atpG; F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
K02634  petA; apocytochrome f
K02635  petB; cytochrome b6
K02636  petC; cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit [EC:7.1.1.6]
K02637  petD; cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 4
K02638  petE; plastocyanin
K02639  petF; ferredoxin
K02640  petG; cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5
K02641  petH; ferredoxin--NADP+ reductase [EC:1.18.1.2]
K02642  petL; cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 6
K02643  petM; cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 7
K02689  psaA; photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 [EC:1.97.1.12]
K02690  psaB; photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 [EC:1.97.1.12]
K02691  psaC; photosystem I iron-sulfur center [EC:1.97.1.12]
K02692  psaD; photosystem I subunit II
K02693  psaE; photosystem I subunit IV
K02694  psaF; photosystem I subunit III
K02695  psaH; photosystem I subunit VI
K02696  psaI; photosystem I subunit VIII
K02697  psaJ; photosystem I subunit IX
K02698  psaK; photosystem I subunit X
K02699  psaL; photosystem I subunit XI
K02700  psaM; photosystem I subunit XII
K02701  psaN; photosystem I subunit PsaN
K02702  psaX; photosystem I 4.8kDa protein
K02703  psbA; photosystem II P680 reaction center D1 protein [EC:1.10.3.9]
K02704  psbB; photosystem II CP47 chlorophyll apoprotein
K02705  psbC; photosystem II CP43 chlorophyll apoprotein
K02706  psbD; photosystem II P680 reaction center D2 protein [EC:1.10.3.9]
K02707  psbE; photosystem II cytochrome b559 subunit alpha
K02708  psbF; photosystem II cytochrome b559 subunit beta
K02709  psbH; photosystem II PsbH protein
K02710  psbI; photosystem II PsbI protein
K02711  psbJ; photosystem II PsbJ protein
K02712  psbK; photosystem II PsbK protein
K02713  psbL; photosystem II PsbL protein
K02714  psbM; photosystem II PsbM protein
K02716  psbO; photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1
K02717  psbP; photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2
K02718  psbT; photosystem II PsbT protein
K02719  psbU; photosystem II PsbU protein
K02720  psbV; photosystem II cytochrome c550
K02721  psbW; photosystem II PsbW protein
K02722  psbX; photosystem II PsbX protein
K02723  psbY; photosystem II PsbY protein
K02724  psbZ; photosystem II PsbZ protein
K03541  psbR; photosystem II 10kDa protein
K03542  psbS; photosystem II 22kDa protein
K03689  petN; cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 8
K08901  psbQ; photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3
K08902  psb27; photosystem II Psb27 protein
K08903  psb28; photosystem II 13kDa protein
K08904  psb28-2; photosystem II Psb28-2 protein
K08905  psaG; photosystem I subunit V
K08906  petJ; cytochrome c6
K14332  psaO; photosystem I subunit PsaO
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00002  ATP
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00034  Manganese
C00080  H+
C02061  Plastoquinone
C16693  Plastoquinol
Reference
PMID:14764885
  Authors
Ferreira KN, Iverson TM, Maghlaoui K, Barber J, Iwata S.
  Title
Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center.
  Journal
Science 303:1831-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1126/science.1093087
Reference
PMID:12518057
  Authors
Kamiya N, Shen JR.
  Title
Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus at 3.7-A resolution.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:98-103 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0135651100
Reference
PMID:11217865
  Authors
Zouni A, Witt HT, Kern J, Fromme P, Krauss N, Saenger W, Orth P.
  Title
Crystal structure of photosystem II from Synechococcus elongatus at 3.8 A resolution.
  Journal
Nature 409:739-743 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35055589
Reference
PMID:11418848
  Authors
Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt HT, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauss N.
  Title
Three-dimensional structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I at 2.5 A resolution.
  Journal
Nature 411:909-917 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35082000
Reference
PMID:11369223
  Authors
Jones MR, Fyfe PK.
  Title
Photosynthesis: new light on biological oxygen production.
  Journal
Curr Biol 17:R318-R321 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00174-9
Reference
PMID:11914373
  Authors
Shen G, Zhao J, Reimer SK, Antonkine ML, Cai Q, Weiland SM, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA.
  Title
Assembly of photosystem I. I. Inactivation of the rubA gene encoding a membrane-associated rubredoxin in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 causes a loss of photosystem I activity.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:20343-54 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M201103200
Related
pathway
ko00196  Photosynthesis - antenna proteins
ko00710  Carbon fixation by Calvin cycle

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