KEGG   PATHWAY: non04122
Entry
non04122                    Pathway                                
Name
Sulfur relay system - Nostoc sp. NIES-3756
Description
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are signalling messengers that control many cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. It is suggested that Ub-protein modification evolved from prokaryotic sulfurtransfer systems. Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and thiamin are sulfur-containing cofactors whose biosynthesis includes a key sulfur transfer step that uses unique sulfur carrier proteins, MoaD and ThiS. Ubiquitin, MoaD, and ThiS are all structurally related proteins whose C-termini are activated through adenylation by homologous E1-like enzymes. s2T biosynthesis may share similar chemistry with Moco and thiamin synthesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Urm1 and Uba4 function as part of a ubl protein conjugation system, though they have sequence homology to bacterial sulfur-transfer enzymes and the ability to function in sulfur transfer.
Class
Genetic Information Processing; Folding, sorting and degradation
Pathway map
non04122  Sulfur relay system
non04122

Organism
Nostoc sp. NIES-3756 [GN:non]
Gene
NOS3756_54470  Aromatic amino acid beta-eliminating lyase/threonine aldolase [KO:K04487] [EC:2.8.1.7]
NOS3756_33400  Aromatic amino acid beta-eliminating lyase/threonine aldolase [KO:K04487] [EC:2.8.1.7]
NOS3756_16810  nifS; nitrogenase cofactor synthesis protein NifS [KO:K04487] [EC:2.8.1.7]
NOS3756_44870  Rhodanese-like protein [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
NOS3756_30660  Rhodanese-like protein [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
NOS3756_43970  trmU; tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase [KO:K00566] [EC:2.8.1.13]
NOS3756_25810  molybdopterin synthase subunit MoaE [KO:K03635] [EC:2.8.1.12]
NOS3756_26080  GTP cyclohydrolase subunit MoaA [KO:K03639] [EC:4.1.99.22]
NOS3756_37390  thiamineS protein [KO:K03636]
NOS3756_37460  ThiamineS [KO:K03636]
NOS3756_48220  UBA/THIF-type NAD/FAD binding protein [KO:K21029] [EC:2.7.7.80]
NOS3756_16580  hesA; HesA protein [KO:K21029] [EC:2.7.7.80]
NOS3756_00990  hypothetical protein [KO:K21147] [EC:2.7.7.80 2.7.7.- 2.8.1.11 2.8.1.-]
NOS3756_19030  moaC; molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein C [KO:K03637] [EC:4.6.1.17]
NOS3756_05550  molybdopterin precursor biosynthesis protein [KO:K03638] [EC:2.7.7.75]
NOS3756_39800  hypothetical protein [KO:K03154]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00044  GTP
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00378  Thiamine
C00868  tRNA uridine
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C05924  Molybdopterin
C17322  tRNA containing 2-thiouridine
C18237  Molybdoenzyme molybdenum cofactor
C18239  Precursor Z
Reference
  Authors
Noma A, Sakaguchi Y, Suzuki T
  Title
Mechanistic characterization of the sulfur-relay system for eukaryotic 2-thiouridine biogenesis at tRNA wobble positions.
  Journal
Nucleic Acids Res 37:1335-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn1023
Reference
  Authors
Iyer LM, Burroughs AM, Aravind L
  Title
The prokaryotic antecedents of the ubiquitin-signaling system and the early evolution of ubiquitin-like beta-grasp domains.
  Journal
Genome Biol 7:R60 (2006)
DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-7-r60
Reference
  Authors
Schwarz G, Mendel RR, Ribbe MW
  Title
Molybdenum cofactors, enzymes and pathways.
  Journal
Nature 460:839-47 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nature08302
Related
pathway
non00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
non00730  Thiamine metabolism
non00790  Folate biosynthesis
KO pathway
ko04122   
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