+D	Messenger RNA Biogenesis	KO
#<h2><a href="/kegg/brite.html"><img src="/Fig/bget/kegg3.gif" align="middle" border=0></a>&nbsp; Prokaryotic Defense System - Shigella flexneri 2457T (serotype 2a)</h2>
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A<b>CRISPR-Cas system</b>
B  Universal Cas proteins
B  Type I CRISPR-Cas system
C    Type I signiture cas proteins
C    Subtype I-A factors
C    Subtype I-B factors
C    Subtype I-C factors
C    Subtype I-D factors
C    Subtype I-E factors
C    Subtype I-F factors
C    Subtype I-U factors
B  Type II CRISPR-Cas system
C    Type II signiture cas proteins
C    Subtype II-A factors
C    Subtype II-B factors
B  Type III CRISPR-Cas system
C    Type III signiture cas proteins
C    Subtype III-A factors
C    Subtype III-B factors
C    Subtype III-U factors
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A<b>Restriction and modification system (R-M system)</b>
B  Type I R-M system
C    S4635 hypothetical protein	K01154 hsdS; type I restriction enzyme, S subunit [EC:3.1.21.3] 
B  Type II R-M system
C    Restriction endonucleases
C    DNA methyltransferases
D      S4357 dam; DNA adenine methylase	K06223 dam; DNA adenine methylase [EC:2.1.1.72] 
D      S3517 yhdJ; putative methyltransferase	K07319 yhdJ; adenine-specific DNA-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.72] 
D      S2100 dcm; DNA cytosine methylase	K00558 DNMT1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [EC:2.1.1.37] 
B  Type III R-M system
B  Type IV R-M system
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A<b>Toxin-antitoxin system (TA system)</b>
B  Type I TA system
C    Hok-Sok
D      S0017 gef; membrane toxin	K18919 hokC_D; protein HokC/D 
D      S0912 host cell-killing modulation protein	K18919 hokC_D; protein HokC/D 
D      S1668 relF; prophage maintenance protein	K18919 hokC_D; protein HokC/D 
D      S2143 putative cell killing protein of prophage	K18919 hokC_D; protein HokC/D 
D      S0499 hypothetical protein	K18922 hokE; protein HokE 
D      S0500 hypothetical protein	K18922 hokE; protein HokE 
D      S0016 sokC; antisense RNA	K18871 sokC; sRNA antisense regulator of MokC and HokC protein 
C    SymE-SymR
D      S0604 hypothetical protein	K19048 symE; toxic protein SymE 
C    Ldr-Rdl
C    TisB-IstR
C    Ibs-Sib
C    ShoB-OhsC
C    RalR-RalA
B  Type II TA system
C    MazF-MazE
C    ChpB-ChpS
C    YhaV-PrlF
C    RelE/StbE-RelB/StbD
D      S1669 relE; hypothetical protein	K06218 relE; mRNA interferase RelE/StbE 
D      S1670 relB; negative regulator of translation	K18918 relB; RHH-type transcriptional regulator, rel operon repressor / antitoxin RelB 
C    YafQ-dinJ
C    YoeB-YefM
D      S2201 yefM; hypothetical protein	K19159 yefM; antitoxin YefM 
C    HipA-HipB
C    HicA-HicB
C    YafO-YafN
D      S0302 yafO; hypothetical protein	K19160 yafO; mRNA interferase YafO [EC:3.1.-.-] 
D      S0301 yafN; hypothetical protein	K19161 yafN; antitoxin YafN 
C    PspC-PspB
D      S1393 pspC; putative regulator of phage shock response	K03973 pspC; phage shock protein C 
D      S1392 pspB; phage shock protein	K03970 pspB; phage shock protein B 
C    CcdB-CcdA
C    ParE-ParD
C    Doc-Phd
C    HigB-HigA
D      S3330 ygjN; hypothetical protein	K19166 higB; mRNA interferase HigB [EC:3.1.-.-] 
D      S3329 ygjM; hypothetical protein	K18831 higA; HTH-type transcriptional regulator / antitoxin HigA 
D      S0435 ybaQ; hypothetical protein	K21498 higA-1; antitoxin HigA-1 
D      S1881 yddM; hypothetical protein	K21498 higA-1; antitoxin HigA-1 
C    MqsR-MqsA
C    VapC-VapB
C    PezT-PezA
C    YobL-YobK
C    YokI-YokJ
C    YqcG-YqcF
C    YxiD-YxxD
C    FitB-FitA
D      S2719 putative stabilization protein	K21495 fitA; antitoxin FitA 
C    BC_0920-BC_0921
C    SpoIISA-SpoIISB
C    Tse6-Tsi6
C    Type II TA system related factors
D      S4500 yjgK; hypothetical protein	K19334 tabA; biofilm protein TabA 
D      S0799 ybiM; hypothetical protein	K13650 mcbA; MqsR-controlled colanic acid and biofilm protein A 
D      S1144 yceP; hypothetical protein	K12148 bssS; biofilm regulator BssS 
D      S0829 putative receptor	K19688 bssR; biofilm regulator BssR 
D      S1196 ycfR; hypothetical protein	K12151 bhsA; multiple stress resistance protein BhsA 
D      S0094 ftsZ; tubulin-like GTP-binding protein and GTPase	K03531 ftsZ; cell division protein FtsZ 
D      S3506 mreB; regulator of ftsI, penicillin binding protein 3	K03569 mreB; rod shape-determining protein MreB and related proteins 
D      S3267 parC; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A	K02621 parC; topoisomerase IV subunit A [EC:5.6.2.2] 
D      S3275 parE; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B	K02622 parE; topoisomerase IV subunit B [EC:5.6.2.2] 
D      S2605 gltX; glutamate tRNA synthetase, catalytic subunit	K01885 EARS; glutamyl-tRNA synthetase [EC:6.1.1.17] 
B  Type III TA system
C    AbiQ system
B  Type IV TA system
C    YeeV-YeeU
D      S3204 yeeV; hypothetical protein	K18837 cbtA; cytoskeleton-binding toxin CbtA and related proteins 
D      S3203 yeeU; putative structural protein	K18838 cbeA; cytoskeleton bundling-enhancing protein CbeA and related proteins 
C    CptA-CptB
D      S3081 hypothetical protein	K19168 cptA; toxin CptA 
D      S3082 ygfY; hypothetical protein	K09159 cptB; antitoxin CptB 
C    AbiEii-AbiEi
B  Type V TA system
C    GhoT-GhoS
C    Other GhoT/OrtT toxin family protein
D      S1904 hypothetical protein	K28274 ortT; orphan toxin OrtT 
B  Type VI TA system
C    SocB-SocA
B  Type VII TA system
C    Hha-TomB
D      S0412 hha; hemolysin expression modulating protein	K05839 hha; haemolysin expression modulating protein 
D      S0413 ybaJ; hypothetical protein	K19162 tomB; hha toxicity modulator TomB 
C    TglT-TakA
C    HepT-MntA
B  Type VIII TA system
C    SdsR-RyeA
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A<b>DNA phosphothiolation system</b>
B  Sulfur modification proteins
C    S2749 yfhO; putative aminotransferase	K04487 iscS; cysteine desulfurase [EC:2.8.1.7] 
B  DNA phosphorothioation-dependent restriction proteins
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#Last updated: May 19, 2025