| Entry |
Name |
Description |
Object |
Legend |
|
hsa03420
|
Nucleotide excision repair
|
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a mechanism to recognize and repair bulky DNA damage caused by compounds, environmental carcinogens, and exposure to UV-light. In humans hereditary defects in the NER ...
|
2968 (GTF2H4)
2967 (GTF2H3)
2966 (GTF2H2), 728340 (GTF2H2C), 730394 (GTF2H2C_2)
2965 (GTF2H1)
2068 (ERCC2), H00403 (Disorders of nucleotide excision repair), H00866 (Trichothiodystrophy), H01428 (Xeroderma ...
|
5 '
3 '
3 '
5 '
5 '
3 '
3 '
5 '
TFIIH4
TFIIH3
TFIIH2
TFIIH1
XPD
TTDA
XPB
CCNH
MNAT1
CDK7
DDB1
Cul4
RBX1
RNA polymerase
UVRB
UVRA
Lig
DpoI
MNAT1
UVRA
Lig1
RFC
PCNA
UVRD
Polε
XPF
XPG
Polδ
RPA
TFIIH4
ERCC1
XPA
TFIIH3
TFIIH2
TTDA
UVRB
DDB2
DDB1
Cul4
RBX1
MFD
Ubiquitin ...
|
|
hsa03430
|
Mismatch repair
|
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved biological pathway that plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability. MMR corrects DNA mismatches generated during DNA replication, thereby preventing ...
|
4436 (MSH2), H00020 (Colorectal cancer), H00027 (Ovarian cancer), H00876 (Mismatch repair deficiency), H02565 (Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer), H02566 (Muir-Torre syndrome)
27030 (MLH3), H00020 ...
|
Dam
MutS
MSH2
MLH3
MLH1
Colorectal cancer
MutH
MutL
Lig
UVRD
MLH1
LigI
PCNA
DpoIII
ExoI
Polδ
RPA
ExoX
RecJ
MSH6
ExoI
MSH2
MSH3
PMS2
PMS2
RFC
ExoVII
MSH3
MSH2
MLH1
SSB
MISMATCH REPAIR
Prokaryotic type
Eukaryotic ...
|
|
hsa03440
|
Homologous recombination
|
Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for the accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), potentially lethal lesions. HR takes place in the late S-G2 phase of the cell cycle and involves the ...
|
7156 (TOP3A), 8940 (TOP3B), H01395 (Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia), H02492 (Microcephaly, growth restriction, and increased sister chromatid exchange)
641 (BLM), H00094 (Immunodeficiency ...
|
TOP3
BLM
DSS1
Rad52
Mre11
Rad50
XRCC3
Rad51C
XRCC2
XRCC2
Rad51D
Rad51D
Rad51C
Rad51B
Rad51C
DnaT
PriB
PriC
RecD
RecG
RecG
RuvC
RuvC
RuvB
RuvB
RuvA
RecA
PriA
DpoI
Rad57
Mus81
RecA
RecR
HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION
Mre11
Rad50
Rad51B
Nbs1
RPA
Rad51
DpoIII
XRS2
RecJ
RecF
RecC
Eme1
RecB
BRCA2
Rad59
Rad54
polδ
BLM
RuvA
Rad55
RecO
SSB
Prokaryotic ...
|
|
hsa03450
|
Non-homologous end-joining
|
Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by direct ligation. NHEJ involves binding of the KU heterodimer to double-stranded DNA ends, recruitment of DNA-PKcs (MRX complex ...
|
3981 (LIG4), H00094 (Immunodeficiency associated with DNA repair defects), H02015 (LIG4 syndrome)
27343 (POLL)
3981 (LIG4), H00094 (Immunodeficiency associated with DNA repair defects), H02015 (LIG4 syndrome)
1791 ...
|
Lig4
Nej1
Polλ
Dnl4
TdT
Polμ
Artemis
Pol4
Lig
NON-HOMOLOGOUS END-JOINING
Mre11
Rad50
DNAPKcs
XRS2
Ku80
XRCC4
Ku70
Rad27
XLF
Lif1
Prokaryotic type
Eukaryotic type
Double strand break
End binding
End processing
Gap ...
|
|
hsa03460
|
Fanconi anemia pathway
|
The Fanconi anemia pathway is required for the efficient repair of damaged DNA, especially interstrand cross-links (ICLs). DNA ICL is directly recognized by FANCM and associated proteins, that recruit ...
|
57697 (FANCM), H00238 (Fanconi anemia), H00627 (Premature ovarian failure), H01282 (Spermatogenic failure)
2175 (FANCA), H00238 (Fanconi anemia)
2187 (FANCB), H00238 (Fanconi anemia)
2176 (FANCC), H00238 ...
|
FANCM
FANCA
FANCB
FANCC
FANCONI ANEMIA PATHWAY
FANCD2
FANCI
FANCE
FANCF
FANCG
FANCL
FANCN
FAAP100
BLM
Interstrand crosslink (ICL) recognition
ICL
FA pathway activation
FA core complex
Homologous ...
|
|
hsa04010
|
MAPK signaling pathway
|
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express ...
|
C00338 (Lipopolysaccharide)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
5923 (RASGRF1), 5924 (RASGRF2)
11221 (DUSP10), 1843 (DUSP1) ...
|
LPS
RasGRF
MKP
PTP
PP2CB
FASL
DAG
cAMP
HGK
cPLA2
STMN1
Tau
NFκB
IKK
NIK
ERK
MP1
MEK2
MEK1
Raf1
RafB
p120GAP
NF1
PKC
Rap1
PKA
CNrasGEF
Gap1m
Ras
RasGRP
SOS
G12
GRB2
RTK
CACN
MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY
Phosphatidylinositol ...
|
|
hsa04012
|
ErbB signaling pathway
|
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including proliferation ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
2885 (GRB2), D11165 (Prexigebersen (USAN/INN))
2002 (ELK1)
2066 ...
|
Non-small cell lung cancer
Grb2
Elk
ErbB-4
ErbB-4
ErbB-3
ErbB-3
STAT5
ErbB-2
ErbB-2
ErbB-2
ErbB-2
ErbB-1
ErbB-1
Pancreatic cancer
mTOR signaling pathway
Endometrial cancer
GSK-3
eIF-4EBP
p70S6K
p21
p27
mTOR
PAK
Nck
STAT5
ErbB-2
Bad
GAB1
TGFα
JNKK
Cbl
ErbB-4
ErbB-3
NRG3
NRG2
Elk
JNK
Crk
FAK
Sos
Grb2
Shc
PKC
CAMK
PLCγ
HB-EGF
NRG1
EPR
BTC
Glioma
PIP
Jun
Abl
PI3K
PKB/Akt
ErbB-1
Calcium ...
|
|
hsa04014
|
Ras signaling pathway
|
The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00044 (GTP)
C00035 (GDP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 ...
|
MAPK signaling pathway
RAS SIGNALING PATHWAY
ERK
MEK
Raf-1
Ras
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Grb2
SOS
PIP
Akt/PKB
PI3K
SHC
RTK
Gab
SHP2
TIAM1
Rac
RALGDS
RGL
RGL2
Ral
PLD
PLCε
PKC
ABL
RIN1
DAG
IP3
BAD
BCL-X
IKK
NFκB
AFX
FasL
JNK
RalBP1
CDC42
Rac
PLA
ELK
ETS
RAB5
Calcium ...
|
|
hsa04015
|
Rap1 signaling pathway
|
Rap1 is a small GTPase that controls diverse processes, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell junction formation and cell polarity. Like all G proteins, Rap1 cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an active ...
|
C00044 (GTP)
C00035 (GDP)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00044 (GTP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C00076 (Calcium ...
|
MAPK signaling pathway
RAP1 SIGNALING PATHWAY
ERK
MEK
Raf-1
Rap1
RIAM
RTK
RalGDS
Rac
RapL
MEK3,6
p38MAPK
Ena/VASP
Profillin
F-actin
Cad
Rap1
GTP
GDP
DOCK4
Epac
E6-TP1
Spa1
RapGAP
(active)
(inactive)
Ral
Smg ...
|
|
hsa04020
|
Calcium signaling pathway
|
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external ...
|
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C13050 (Cyclic ADP-ribose)
C13051 (Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
C06124 (Sphingosine 1-phosphate)
C00004 (NADH)
C00002 (ATP)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 ...
|
Long term depression
Long term potentiation
Phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway
Apoptosis
MAPK signalng pathway
IP3 3K
ADCY
PDE1
NOS
VDAC
Cyp-D
cADPR
NAADP
S1P
NADH
ATP
DAG
NCX
cAMP
cAMP
NCX
CAMK
CaN
PKC
FAK2
TPC
ADPR ...
|
|
hsa04022
|
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
|
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), regulating a broad array of physiologic processes. The elevated intracellular ...
|
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00942 (3',5'-Cyclic GMP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00238 (Potassium cation)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C00144 (GMP)
C00575 ...
|
cGMP-PKG SIGNALING PATHWAY
MLCP
MLC
NPR-A
cGMP
PKG
s-GC
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Kca
NPR-B
Myosin
IRAG
PDE5
CNG
RGS
GPCR
PLCβ
L-type Cav
RhoA
ROCK
Hyperpolarization
IP3
q/11
TRPC6
NFAT
MEF2
GATA-4
SRF
Vascular ...
|
|
hsa04024
|
cAMP signaling pathway
|
cAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands including ...
|
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00238 (Potassium cation)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00080 (H+)
C01330 (Sodium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 ...
|
cAMP SIGNALING PATHWAY
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
VDCC
RyR2
SERCA2a
TnI
Calcium signaling pathway
ATP
3Na
NHE
GPCR
PKA
PI3K
Akt
cAMP
DNA
ERK1/2
PLB
CFTR
CaM
Cardiac muscle contraction
Epac
PI3K-Akt ...
|
|
hsa04060
|
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
|
Cytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell growth ...
|
53833 (IL20RB)
53833 (IL20RB)
3565 (IL4), H00079 (Asthma), D03117 (Binetrakin (USAN/INN)), D05377 (Pascolizumab (USAN/INN))
659 (BMPR2), H01619 (Primary pulmonary hypertension), H01621 (Pulmonary arterial ...
|
IL20RB
IL20RB
IL4
BMPR2
ACVR2B
ACVR1B
ACVR2A
IL10RB
IL22RA1
IL2RG
IL2RG
IL2RG
IL2RG
IL2RG
IL2RG
IL2RB
IL2RB
CSF2RB
CSF2RB
LIFR
LIFR
LIFR
IL6ST
IL6ST
IL6ST
IL6ST
IL6ST
IL18RAP
IL18R1
IL1R2
IL1RAP
IL1R1
IL17RA
BMPR1A
ACVR2A
BMPR1B
ACVR1
ACVR1
AMHR2
ACVR2B
ACVR1B
ACVR2A
TGFBR1
TGFBR2
IL18
IL1B
IL1A
IL17E
IL17B
IL17A
GDF5
BMP7
BMP2
AMH
INHBE
INHBC
INHBB
INHBA
TGFB3
TGFB2
TGFB1
RELT
TROY
XEDAR
EDAR
BAFFR
TACI
BCMA
GITR
Ox40
4-1BB
CD30
CD27
CD40
FAS
DCR3
HVEM
LTBR
EDA
EDA
BAFF
APRIL
GITRL
OX-40L
4-1BBL
CD30L
CD70
CD40LG
FASLG
LIGHT
LTB
LTA
IL10RB
IL28RA
IL22RA1
IL20RA
IL10RB
IL10RA
IFNGR2
IFNGR1
IFNAR2
IFNAR1
IL26
IL29
IL28B
IL28A
IL22
IL24
IL20
IL19
IL10
IFNG
IFNT1
IFNK
IFNW1
IFNB1
IFNA
MPL
PRLR
GHR
EPOR
TSLPR
IL7R
IL21R
IL15RA
IL9R
IL7R
IL4R
IL2RG
IL2RB
IL2RA
IL5RA
IL3RA
CSF2RB
CSF2RA
TPO
PRL
GH2
GH1
EPO
TSLP
IL21
IL15
IL9
IL7
IL4
IL2
IL5
IL3
CSF2
IL12RB1
IL23R
IL12RB2
IL12RB1
IL4R
IL13RA1
IL4R
CSF3R
CNTFR
OSMR
IL11RA
IL6ST
IL6R
IL23A
IL12
IL13
CSF3
CTF
CLCF1
CNTF
LIF
OSM
OSM
IL11
IL6
CX3CR1
XCR1
CXCR6
CXCR5
CXCR4
CXCR3
CXCR1
CXCR2
CX3CL1
XCL2
XCL1
CXCL14
CXCL4
CXCL15
CXCL16
CXCL13
CXCL12
CXCL11
CXCL10
CXCL9
CXCL8
CXCL6
CXCL7
CXCL5
TNFR1
TNFR2
NGFR
DR6
FN14
RANK
TWEAK
DCR1
OPG
DR5
TRAIL
DR4
DCR2
VEGI
CYTOKINE-CYTOKINE ...
|
|
hsa04061
|
Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor
|
Viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms to evade detection and destruction by the immune system, including copying and repurposing host cytokine and cytokine receptor genes. Viral cytokines and cytokine ...
|
414062 (CCL3L3), 6348 (CCL3), 6349 (CCL3L1), 6352 (CCL5), 6354 (CCL7), 6355 (CCL8), 6357 (CCL13), 6358 (CCL14), 6359 (CCL15), 6360 (CCL16), 6368 (CCL23), H01563 (HIV infection)
1230 (CCR1)
414062 (CCL3L3) ...
|
Chemokines
CCL
CCR1
vCCI
CCL3
vav
US28
U12
CCL3
hcmv
hhv6
vCCI
CCL7
vav
CCL7
US28
hcmv
MC148
CCR1
vCCL2
vCCL4a
kshv
mocv1
hhv6a
CCL
CCR2
vCCI
CCL2
vav
U12
U51
CCL2
hhv6
US28
hhv6
hcmv
MC148
CCR2
vCCL2
kshv
mocv1
vCCL4b
hhv6b
CCL
CCR3
UL21 ...
|
|
hsa04062
|
Chemokine signaling pathway
|
Inflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the ...
|
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
10663 (CXCR6), 10803 (CCR9), 1230 ...
|
Migration
Apoptosis
Degranulation
Cellular shape changes
Cell survival
chemokineR
chemokine
JAK2/3
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
FAK
Src
Paxillin
Cellular ...
|
|
hsa04064
|
NF-kappa B signaling pathway
|
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the generic name of a family of transcription factors that function as dimers and regulate genes involved in immunity, inflammation and cell survival. There are several ...
|
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
598 (BCL2L1), D09935 ...
|
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
Bcl-XL
Bcl-2
c-IAP1/2
IκBα
IRAK1/4
MyD88
TRAF2/5
RIP1
TRADD
IL-1R
TNF-R1
IL-1β
TNFα
NF-KAPPA B SIGNALING PATHWAY
Degradation
Survival
DNA
LIGHT
LT-βR
TRAF2
TRAF3
NIK
IKKα
NEMO
IKKα
IKKβ
p100
RelB
p50
p65
NFκB
NFκB
DNA
TAK1
Canonical ...
|
|
hsa04066
|
HIF-1 signaling pathway
|
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. It consists of two subunits: an inducibly-expressed HIF-1alpha subunit and a constitutively-expressed ...
|
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00704 (Superoxide)
C00031 (D-Glucose)
C00022 (Pyruvate)
C00186 ((S)-Lactate)
C00024 (Acetyl-CoA)
C00002 (ATP)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00007 ...
|
CUL2
Rbx1
ElonginB
ElonginC
VEGF
PHD
VHL
HIF-1β
p300/CBP
HIF-1α
Glut1
HIF-1 SIGNALING PATHWAY
mTOR signaling pathway
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
VEGF signaling pathway
Hypoxia
Normoxia
Degradation
E3 ...
|
|
hsa04068
|
FoxO signaling pathway
|
The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of genes in cellular physiological events including apoptosis, cell-cycle control, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress ...
|
C00031 (D-Glucose)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00008 (ADP)
C00020 (AMP)
C00025 (L-Glutamate)
1147 (CHUK), 3551 (IKBKB), H00093 (Combined immunodeficiency), H00882 (Cocoon syndrome) ...
|
IKKα/β
JNK
ERK1/2
AMPK
INS
Glucose
FOXO
SOS
Ras
MEK1/2
INSR
Raf
PEPCK
G6PC
Akt
P13K
PDK1/2
IRS
PIP
FOXO SIGNALING PATHWAY
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Apoptosis
MAPK signaling pathway
DNA
Energy ...
|
|
hsa04070
|
Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
|
|
C11554 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate)
C11556 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate)
C11557 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate)
C11526 (5-PP-InsP5)
C00076 (Calcium ...
|
PTEN
2.7.1.158
PI(3,4)P
PI(3,5)P
PI(5)P
PLC
PLC
5PP-IP
Focal adhesion
I(1,3,4)P
I(1,3,4,5)P
I(4)P
I(3)P
I(1)P
I(1,3,4,5,6)P
I(1,4,5)P
I(1,4)P
I(3,4)P
I(1,3)P
I(1,3,4,6)P
PI(4,5)P
CDP-DG
PI(3)P
PI(3,4,5)P
PI(4)P
Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol ...
|
|
hsa04071
|
Sphingolipid signaling pathway
|
Sphingomyelin (SM) and its metabolic products are now known to have second messenger functions in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. Particularly, the sphingolipid metabolites, ceramide (Cer) and ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00195 (N-Acylsphingosine)
C12126 (Dihydroceramide)
C00836 (Sphinganine)
C00065 (L-Serine)
C00550 (Sphingomyelin)
C00195 (N-Acylsphingosine)
C00319 (Sphingosine)
C06124 ...
|
ERK1/2
MEK1/2
Raf
AKT
P13K
PDK1
PIP
SPHINGOLIPID SIGNALING PATHWAY
MAPK signaling pathway
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
PKC
S1P
S1P
S1P
S1P
S1P
12/13
Ras
PLC
Rho
ROCK
PTEN
Cer
dhCer
dhSph
Serine
Cer
Sph
S1P
S1P
Sphingolipid ...
|
|
hsa04072
|
Phospholipase D signaling pathway
|
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane ...
|
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00165 (Diacylglycerol)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
C00416 (Phosphatidate)
C04637 (1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol ...
|
MAPK signaling pathway
PHOSPHOLIPASE D SIGNALING PATHWAY
ERK
MEK
Raf-1
Ras
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Grb2
SOS
PIP
Akt/PKB
PI3K
SHC
SCF
RTK
Gab
SHP2
RALGDS
Ral
Calcium signaling pathway
Rho
Endocytosis
Glycerolipid ...
|
|
hsa04080
|
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
|
|
C02166 (Leukotriene C4), C05951 (Leukotriene D4), C05952 (Leukotriene E4)
C04598 (2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)
C02465 (Triiodothyronine), C01829 (Thyroxine)
C00735 (Cortisol)
C05113 (Porphyrin)
C16512 ...
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PARRS
Gastric inhibitory peptide
Glucagon
Glucagon-like peptide
Parathyroid hormone
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
PACAP
Secretin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Corticotropin releasing hormone
Cysteinyl-leukotriene
Relaxin
MAS1
Mas ...
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hsa04110
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Cell cycle
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Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent ...
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1029 (CDKN2A), H00004 (Chronic myeloid leukemia), H00008 (Burkitt lymphoma), H00009 (Adult T-cell leukemia), H00014 (Non-small cell lung cancer), H00015 (Malignant pleural mesothelioma), H00016 (Oral cancer) ...
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ARF
Cdh1
MCM
ORC
APC/C
APC/C
SCF
SCF
CDK1
BubR1
PCNA
Plk1
ATM/ATR
Dbf4
Mad2
Bub1
Bub3
Cdc14b
14-3-3
14-3-3σ
Chk1, 2
Cip1
DNA-PK
Mdm2
p300
Skp2
Myt1
Wee
PTTG
Esp1
Smc1
Apoptosis
Skp2
GADD45
p53
Kip1, 2
Ink4b
TGFβ
Smad4
Smad2 ...
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hsa04114
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Oocyte meiosis
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During meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segregate ...
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C00410 (Progesterone)
C01245 (D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00575 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP)
4342 (MOS), H01897 (Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest)
983 (CDK1), D02880 (Alvocidib ...
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Mos
Cdc2
Mad1/2
CycB2/B5
Myt1
Rsk1/2
p42MAPK
MEK1
Progesterone
OOCYTE MEIOSIS
Early translation of maternal mRNAs
APC/C
Cdc20
Securin
CycB1/B4
Cdc2
Late translation of maternal mRNAs
Emi1
SCF
Late-late ...
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hsa04115
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p53 signaling pathway
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p53 activation is induced by a number of stress signals, including DNA damage, oxidative stress and activated oncogenes. The p53 protein is employed as a transcriptional activator of p53-regulated genes ...
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6477 (SIAH1), H02460 (Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and skeletal anomalies)
3486 (IGFBP3)
10912 (GADD45G), 1647 (GADD45A), 4616 (GADD45B)
4194 (MDM4), H01513 (Retinoblastoma), H02529 ...
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Siah-1
IGF-BP3
Gadd45
MDM-X
CHK1
ATR
CHK2
ATM
Reprimo
14-3-3-σ
CDK2
Cyclin E
Cell cycle
Apoptosis
TSC2
Wip1
ΔNp73
Cyclin G
Cop-1
p53R2
P48
TSAP6
PTEN
Maspin
KAI
GD-AiF
TSP1
IGF-BP3
IGF
PAI
BAI-1
p14
p21
PAG608
Bid
PIGs
Fas
B99
Bax
PIDD
DR5
CASP8
Cdc2
Apaf-1
CytC
CASP9
MDM2
p53
MDM2
PIRH-2
Gadd45
CDK4/6
Cyclin ...
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hsa04120
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Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
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Protein ubiquitination plays an important role in eukaryotic cellular processes. It mainly functions as a signal for 26S proteasome dependent protein degradation. The addition of ubiquitin to proteins ...
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10054 (UBA2), D12268 (Subasumstat (USAN/INN))
10055 (SAE1), D12268 (Subasumstat (USAN/INN))
6921 (ELOC)
6923 (ELOB)
9978 (RBX1)
9978 (RBX1)
9978 (RBX1)
9978 (RBX1)
23291 (FBXW11), 26232 (FBXO2), 26272 ...
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UBLE1B
UBLE1A
EloC
EloB
RBX1
RBX1
RBX1
RBX1
F-box
BTB
DCAF
SOCSbox
VHLbox
HERC4
HERC3
UBE2W
UBE2F
UBE1C
Apc12
Apc10
Apc9
Apc8
Apc6
Apc7
Apc5
Apc4
Apc3
Apc1
Cdh1
Cdc20
Apc2
Apc11
Fbxw8
EloB
EloC
Cul3
Cul2
Skp1
Skp1
Cul1
RBX1
Cul7
Cul5
RBX2
DDB1
Cul4
Trim37
Trim32
MID1
FANCL
BRCA1
MGRN1
AIRE
NHLRC1
SYVN
PIAS
cIAPs
PIRH2
COP1
MEKK1
TRAF6
PML
SIAH-1
Parkin
CBL
Mdm2
UIP5
PRP19
E6AP
UBE2U
UBE2D
UBE2N
WWP1
Smurf
UBE3C
UBE2J1
UBE3B
UBE2S
UBE2C
UBE2A
Itch
UBE2K
UBE2J2
UBE2L6
UBE2L3
UBE2G2
UBE2G1
UBE1
Proteasome
CYC4
HERC2
UBE2R
CHIP
HERC1
WWP2
UBE4B
EDD1
TRIP12
UBE4A
ARF-BP1
UBE2Z
APOLLON
NEDD4
UBE2Q
UBE2O
UBE2M
UBE2I
UBE2H
UBE2B
UBIQUITIN ...
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hsa04122
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Sulfur relay system
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Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are signalling messengers that control many cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. It is suggested that Ub-protein modification ...
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C00097 (L-Cysteine)
C00041 (L-Alanine)
C00868 (tRNA uridine)
C17322 (tRNA containing 2-thiouridine)
C00868 (tRNA uridine)
C17322 (tRNA containing 2-thiouridine)
C00378 (Thiamine)
C05924 (Molybdopterin)
C18239 ...
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SULFUR RELAY SYSTEM
E1-like
urm1
-COOH
ATP
PPi
-COAMP
Protein modification
Prokaryote
Ahp1
-NHCO-
Cys
Ala
tRNA thiolation
SCO
Uba4
Urm1
NFS1
NCS2
Ub-like
E1-like
NCS6
Tum1
Ahp1
Sulfur transfer
Target ...
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hsa04130
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SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
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662 (BNIP1)
55850 (USE1)
53407 (STX18)
55014 (STX17)
10282 (BET1), 51272 (BET1L)
10652 (YKT6)
9527 (GOSR1)
6811 (STX5), H00119 (Congenital disorders of glycosylation type II)
9554 (SEC22B)
9570 (GOSR2) ...
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Sec20
Use1
Stx18
Stx17
Bet1
Ykt6
Gos1
Stx5
Sec22
Bos1
Stx5
SNAP29
STX6
Stx16
Stx11
Ykt6
Vti1
STX8
Stx7
VAMP4
VAMP5
SNAP23
Syp7
SNAP23
Stx1-4
Stx1-4
SNARE INTERACTIONS IN VESICULAR TRANSPORT
TGN (trans ...
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hsa04136
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Autophagy - other
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Autophagy is a degradative pathway for the removal of cytoplasmic materials in eukaryotic cells, and is characterized by the formation of a double-membrane structure called the autophagosome, either in ...
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C00350 (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
C00350 (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C01194 (1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol)
57521 (RPTOR)
2475 (MTOR), H01251 (Focal cortical ...
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AUTOPHAGY - OTHER
Nutrient starvation
TORC1 complex
Raptor
TOR
LST8
ATG1 complex
ATG1
ATG13
ATG11
ATG101
Induction
Tap46
PP2A
ATG6
VPS15
VPS34
PI3K complex
Vesicle nucleation
ATG9
ATG2
ATG18
Membrane ...
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hsa04137
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Mitophagy - animal
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Mitochondria act as the energy powerhouse of the cell, and are essential for eukaryotic cells to grow and function normally. However, deleterious byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation process called ...
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C00044 (GTP)
C00035 (GDP)
C00044 (GTP)
C00035 (GDP)
65018 (PINK1), H00057 (Parkinson disease), H01600 (Parkinsonian syndrome)
5071 (PRKN), H00027 (Ovarian cancer), H00057 (Parkinson disease), H01600 (Parkinsonian ...
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MITOPHAGY - ANIMAL
PINK1
Parkin
OPTN
TBK1
P62
NDP52
NBR1
TAX1BP1
ARIH1
SIAH1
HUWE1
GP78
MUL1
SMURF1
TRAF2
MARCHF5
Ubiquitin E3 ligases
Fundc1
Bnip3
Nix
Sequestosome-like (SLR) receptors
Bnip3
DNA
DNA
E2F1
p53
RAS
SP1
Gq ...
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hsa04140
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Autophagy - animal
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Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved ...
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C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C01194 (1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00350 (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
C00350 (Phosphatidylethanolamine)
C00044 ...
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PI3P
AUTOPHAGY - ANIMAL
Nutrient starvation (Amino acids, glucose)
mTORC1 complex
ER stress
ROS
Low energy
PIP
Hypoxia
ULK complex
PI3K complex
ATP
AMP
ATP
AMP
Remove LC3 from the ...
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hsa04141
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Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle where proteins are folded with the help of lumenal chaperones. Newly synthesized peptides enter the ER via the sec61 pore and are glycosylated ...
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G00010
C00076 (Calcium cation)
G00010
G00009
G00011
G00011
G10694
G00012
468 (ATF4)
1649 (DDIT3), H00049 (Myxoid liposarcoma)
5599 (MAPK8), 5601 (MAPK9), 5602 (MAPK10), H01813 (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) ...
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PROTEIN PROCESSING IN ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Protein export
Apoptosis
Proteasome
ATF4
CHOP
JNK
TRAF2
ASK1
MKK7
eIF2α
CNX
CRT
GADD34
Ribosome
G1M9
Unfolded protein responce (UPR)
ER ...
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hsa04142
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Lysosome
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Lysosomes are membrane-delimited organelles in animal cells serving as the cell's main digestive compartment to which all sorts of macromolecules are delivered for degradation. They contain more than 40 ...
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C00002 (ATP)
C00008 (ADP)
C00159 (D-Mannose)
C00159 (D-Mannose)
C00275 (D-Mannose 6-phosphate)
C00275 (D-Mannose 6-phosphate)
C00275 (D-Mannose 6-phosphate)
C00275 (D-Mannose 6-phosphate)
C00275 (D-Mannose ...
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mitochondria
pH~ 5.0
pH~ 7.2
acid hydrolase
lysosome
Regulation of autophagy
ATPeV
ATP
ADP
cytosol
Autophagy
Endocytosis
early endosome
lysosomal membrane protein
late endosome
autophagosome
bacterium
Golgi ...
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hsa04144
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Endocytosis
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Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering ...
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C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C05981 ...
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ENDOCYTOSIS
STAM
Hrs
PI(3)P
PI(3)P
ESCRT-I
ESCRT-0
ESCRT-II
ESCRT-III
Late endosome and multivesicular body
invaginating MVB vesicle
AMSH
UBPY
growth factor (e.g. EGF)
Deubiquitinating enzymes
LDL
Lysosome
Clathrin-dependent ...
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hsa04145
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Phagosome
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Phagocytosis is the process of taking in relatively large particles by a cell, and is a central mechanism in the tissue remodeling, inflammation, and defense against infectious agents. A phagosome is formed ...
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C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
C04549 (1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate)
9554 (SEC22B)
53407 (STX18)
9341 (VAMP3)
2204 (FCAR)
2209 (FCGR1A), 2212 (FCGR2A), 2213 (FCGR2B) ...
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PHAGOSOME
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytic cup
pathogen
Conventional phagocytosis
ER-mediated phagocytosis
ER (endoprasmic reticulum)
Early endosome
Late endosome
Sec22
Stx18
Recycling ...
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hsa04146
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Peroxisome
|
Peroxisomes are essential organelles that play a key role in redox signalling and lipid homeostasis. They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ether ...
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5195 (PEX14), H00205 (Peroxisome biogenesis disorder), H01342 (Zellweger syndrome)
5828 (PEX2), H00177 (Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy), H00205 (Peroxisome biogenesis disorder), H01342 (Zellweger syndrome)
5189 ...
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PEROXISOME
PEX14
PEX2
PEX1
PEX6
PEX26
PEX13
PTS1
PTS2
Matrix protein import
PEX10
PEX12
PEX5
PEX7
PEX19
PEX11
Peroxisomal division
matrix proteins
PTS1
PTS2
Membrane protein import
PTS receptors
peroxisomal ...
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hsa04148
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Efferocytosis
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C00002 (ATP)
C00075 (UTP)
C06124 (Sphingosine 1-phosphate)
C04230 (1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)
C00062 (L-Arginine)
C00077 (L-Ornithine)
C00134 (Putrescine)
C00003 (NAD+)
C00019 (S-Adenosyl-L-methionine)
C00073 ...
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ADGRB1
MERTK
DOCK1
Rac1
GULP1
ELMO
Actin polymerization
ITGA
STAB
ITGB
MFGE8
Efferocyte
AXL
FAK
CRK
Apoptotic cell
p130CAS
CD36
GAS6
CD47
LRP1
CALR
MEGF10
TIM
PROS
TYRO
Don’t eat me signal
CD24
CD31
RAGE
Phagocyte ...
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hsa04150
|
mTOR signaling pathway
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The mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, which exists in two complexes termed mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 contains ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00020 (AMP)
C00123 (L-Leucine)
C00062 (L-Arginine)
3480 (IGF1R), 3643 (INSR), H00015 (Malignant pleural mesothelioma), H00048 (Hepatocellular carcinoma) ...
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mTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY
IRS1
PI3K
Raf
MAPK signaling pathway
ERK1/2
Ras
MEK
PTEN
PDK1
Akt
TSC1/2
Rheb
4E-BP
Lipin-1
S6K
Cap-dependent
Lipid biosynthesis
Rho
PKC
SGK1
Cell survival
Cytoskeletal
PIP3
TBC1D7
Amino ...
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hsa04151
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PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
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The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation ...
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C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00533 (Nitric oxide)
C04637 (1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00020 (AMP)
1977 (EIF4E) ...
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PIP
eIF4E
4EBPs
eIF4B
S6K1/2
Raptor
mTOR
GβL
Rheb
TSC2
TSC1
AKT
PDK1
PI3K
p53 signaling pathway
mTOR signaling pathway
PI3K-AKT SIGNALING PATHWAY
Protein synthesis
PTEN
IRS1
RTK
GPCR
GSK3
Myc
p27Kip1
RBL2
FasL
Bim
FOXO
BAD
MDM2
Bcl-xL
p53
GYS
CCND1
PEPCK
G6Pace
IKK
NF ...
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hsa04152
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AMPK signaling pathway
|
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine threonine kinase that is highly conserved through evolution. AMPK system acts as a sensor of cellular energy status. It is activated by increases in the ...
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C00031 (D-Glucose)
C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)
C00008 (ADP)
C00020 (AMP)
C00003 (NAD+)
C00076 (Calcium cation)
C00024 (Acetyl-CoA)
C00083 (Malonyl-CoA)
C00040 (Acyl-CoA)
C00085 (D-Fructose ...
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AMPK
INS
Glucose
INSR
Akt
P13K
PDK1/2
IRS
PIP
AMPK SIGNALING PATHWAY
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
DNA
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
IGF1
IGF1R
FOXO
Cell cycle
Insulin signaling pathway
GLUT4
LKB1
ADP
AMP
Low ...
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