KEGG DRUG Database
KEGG DRUG is a comprehensive drug information resource for approved drugs in Japan, USA and Europe, unified based on the chemical structure and/or the chemical component of active ingredients. Each KEGG DRUG entry is identified by the D number and associated with KEGG original annotations including therapeutic targets, drug metabolism, and other molecular interaction network information.
Current statistics (2024/10/7)
KEGG DRUG entries (D numbers) | 12,501 |
D numbers with targets | 6,924 |
D numbers with human gene targets | 5,658 |
Unique human genes (hsa IDs) | 1,225 |
Unique human gene variants (hsa_var IDs) | 55 |
D numbers linked to Japanese drug labels | 2,263 |
with indicated diseases (H numbers) | 1,592 |
Unique H numbers | 497 |
D numbers linked to FDA drug labels | 2,102 |
with indicated diseases (H numbers) | 1,544 |
Unique H numbers | 488 |
Special drug types
Antibody therapy products | 645 |
Antisense therapy products | 80 |
Gene therapy products | 21 |
Cellular therapy products | 37 |
KEGG DGROUP Database
KEGG DGROUP contains structurally and functionally related groups of D number entries in KEGG DRUG. There are five types of drug groups.
- Chemical - grouped as identical chemical structures with minor variations of salts, hydration states, etc.
- Structure - grouped as similar chemical structures having the same skeleton, etc.
- Target - grouped by drug targets
- Class - drug classes often representing similar mechanisms of action
- Metabolism - grouped by substrates, inhibitors and inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters
Drug Classification
KEGG DRUG entries are systematically organized in various ways, utilizing both established and KEGG-original classification systems and focusing on specific features such as drug targets and gene variants.
Category | Classification | Remark |
Prescription drug | ATC Classification | ATC 2024 |
USP drug classification | USP DC 2024 | |
Therapeutic category of drugs in Japan | JP18 (2021) | |
OTC drug (Japan) | Classification of Japanese OTC drugs | |
Risk category of Japanese OTC drugs | ||
Crude drug (Japan) | TCM drugs in Japan | JP18 Non-JPS 2018 |
Crude drugs in Japan | ||
Narcotic (Japan) | Narcotics and psychotropics in Japan |
Feature | Content | Remark |
New drug | New drug approvals in the USA | FDA |
New drug approvals in Europe | EMA | |
New drug approvals in Japan | PMDA | |
New drug approvals in the USA, Europe and Japan | Combined | |
Drug group | Drug groups | KEGG original |
Drug classes | ||
Drug target | Target-based classification of drugs | |
Antimicrobials + target | ||
Antimicrobials abbreviations | ||
Drug metabolism | Drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters | |
Gene variant | Pharmacogenomic biomarkers | |
Prodrug | Prodrugs | |
Other | Topical steroids potency | |
Rx-to-OTC switch list in Japan | ||
Rx-to-OTC switch list in the USA | ||
Drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia |
Generic Names and Trade Names
The generic names of drugs can be different in different countries or organizations. The same structure may be called differently and the same name may mean different structures. To accommodate such differences the generic names are associated with the following codes in parentheses.
When drug products are available in Japan and/or USA, the following notations are often utilized:
- JAN - Japanese Approved Name
- USAN - United States Adopted Name
- NF - National Formulary drug name
- INN - International Nonproprietary Name
- BAN - British Approved Name
- DCF - Dénomination commune française
- Non-JPS - Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs
When drug products are available in Japan and/or USA, the following notations are often utilized:
<JP> <JP/US> <US>
Additional Databases
There are two additional databases associated with KEGG DRUG/DGROUP.
Drug Interaction Database contains known adverse drug-drug interactions associated with contraindications (CI) and precautions (P) extracted from all the drug labels of Japanese prescription drugs. KEGG Drug Structure Maps are part of the KEGG PATHWAY database, graphically illustrating our knowledge of drug development, as many marketed drugs have been developed from lead compounds or existing drugs by introducing chemical structure transformations retaining the core chemical structures.
Drug Interaction Database contains known adverse drug-drug interactions associated with contraindications (CI) and precautions (P) extracted from all the drug labels of Japanese prescription drugs. KEGG Drug Structure Maps are part of the KEGG PATHWAY database, graphically illustrating our knowledge of drug development, as many marketed drugs have been developed from lead compounds or existing drugs by introducing chemical structure transformations retaining the core chemical structures.
Last updated: July 29, 2024