KEGG   PATHWAY: aalb04624
Entry
aalb04624                   Pathway                                
Name
Toll and Imd signaling pathway - Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)
Description
Insects, such as Drosophila, have evolved complex mechanisms to combat microbial infection. TOLL and IMD pathways are responsible for the immune response that functions through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The TOLL pathway mainly detects fungi, Gram-positive bacteria and virulence factors (proteases et al.). Activation of the TOLL pathway results in degradation of Cactus and localization of Dorsal and Dif to the nucleus. On the other hand, the IMD pathway responses to Gram-negative bacteria and leads to the activation of Relish. Dorsal, Dif and Relish induce the transcriptional up-regulation of AMPs in the nucleus.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
aalb04624  Toll and Imd signaling pathway
aalb04624

Organism
Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) [GN:aalb]
Gene
109425899  beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein 2-like [KO:K20692]
109407966  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein-like [KO:K20697]
109403683  beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein [KO:K20697]
109425513  peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC2-like [KO:K01446]
109425525  peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC2-like [KO:K01446]
109432952  peptidoglycan-recognition protein 2-like [KO:K01446]
109421889  peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC2-like [KO:K01446]
109421890  peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC2-like [KO:K01446]
115269531  peptidoglycan-recognition protein 2-like [KO:K01446]
109404401  modular serine protease-like [KO:K20674] [EC:3.4.21.-]
115266069  modular serine protease-like [KO:K20674] [EC:3.4.21.-]
109431902  modular serine protease-like [KO:K20674] [EC:3.4.21.-]
109416080  serine protease grass-like [KO:K20673] [EC:3.4.21.-]
109404704  serine protease persephone [KO:K20671] [EC:3.4.21.-]
109397206  serine protease persephone [KO:K20671] [EC:3.4.21.-]
115269107  serine protease persephone-like [KO:K20671] [EC:3.4.21.-]
109404727  serine protease persephone-like [KO:K20671] [EC:3.4.21.-]
115261123  protein spaetzle-like [KO:K20694]
115253687  uncharacterized protein LOC115253687 isoform X1 [KO:K20694]
109433419  protein spaetzle-like [KO:K20694]
109412941  uncharacterized protein LOC109412941 isoform X1 [KO:K20694]
109422490  protein spaetzle 5-like [KO:K20694]
109403292  protein spaetzle [KO:K20694]
109424643  uncharacterized protein LOC109424643 isoform X1 [KO:K20694]
109428644  protein spaetzle 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K20694]
109402620  protein toll-like [KO:K18809]
109406617  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein toll-like [KO:K18809]
115257388  toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K18809]
115268044  toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K18809]
109415428  protein toll-like [KO:K18809]
109426059  toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]
109402626  protein toll-like [KO:K18809]
115268014  toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]
109403397  toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K18809]
109402627  protein toll-like [KO:K18809]
115260806  toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K18809]
109426051  toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K18809]
115267820  protein toll-like [KO:K18809]
109402284  toll-like receptor Tollo [KO:K18809]
109408899  myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88-like [KO:K04729]
115266575  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88-like [KO:K04729]
109412409  interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4-like [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109415475  serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle-like [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115264543  serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle-like [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115264679  serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle-like [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109429544  NF-kappa-B inhibitor cactus isoform X1 [KO:K04734]
115254172  NF-kappa-B inhibitor cactus-like [KO:K04734]
109411712  embryonic polarity protein dorsal isoform X2 [KO:K09254]
109420732  embryonic polarity protein dorsal-like [KO:K09254]
109399074  defensin-A [KO:K20668]
109409889  defensin-C [KO:K20668]
109399127  defensin-C-like [KO:K20668]
115256529  cecropin-B type 2 [KO:K20696]
109431862  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LB isoform X1 [KO:K24076] [EC:3.5.1.28]
109422736  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LB-like isoform X2 [KO:K24076] [EC:3.5.1.28]
109430819  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LA isoform X1 [KO:K24092]
115263200  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LA-like isoform X1 [KO:K24092]
115253668  peptidoglycan-recognition protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K24093]
109426115  peptidoglycan-recognition protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K24093]
109398046  peptidoglycan-recognition protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K24093]
109415577  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LE isoform X1 [KO:K24074]
115253510  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC-like isoform X1 [KO:K24075]
115260115  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC-like isoform X1 [KO:K24075]
109430816  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC-like isoform X1 [KO:K24075]
115263198  peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC-like isoform X1 [KO:K24075]
109426919  uncharacterized protein LOC109426919 [KO:K20701]
115262585  uncharacterized protein LOC115262585 [KO:K20701]
109423064  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109432360  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
115260541  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa-like [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109402332  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7-B [KO:K16060]
109412524  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 [KO:K10704]
115253997  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2-like [KO:K10704]
115270405  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2-like [KO:K10704]
109430831  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
115254104  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
115263221  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109430681  protein immune deficiency [KO:K20699]
115270217  protein immune deficiency-like [KO:K20699]
115270222  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein immune deficiency-like [KO:K20699]
115270241  protein immune deficiency-like [KO:K20699]
109422464  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fas-associated death domain protein-like [KO:K02373]
109428687  fas-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
115262725  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
115254050  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109421877  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109425252  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109432676  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beclin-1-like protein B [KO:K04404]
109408777  histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
109430716  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04428] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109431380  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109431243  mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109420146  mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
115253754  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109622897  dual oxidase [KO:K13411] [EC:1.6.3.1 1.11.1.-]
115258596  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual oxidase-like [KO:K13411] [EC:1.6.3.1 1.11.1.-]
109399720  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous-like [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109402022  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
115254113  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous-like isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109429983  stress-activated protein kinase JNK-like [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109429565  stress-activated protein kinase JNK isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109429982  stress-activated protein kinase JNK isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109408179  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
109410132  transcription factor kayak-like isoform X1 [KO:K09031]
109415362  transcription factor kayak-like isoform X1 [KO:K09031]
109402586  NF-kappa-B essential modulator-like [KO:K20700]
109419873  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
115271052  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109414989  uncharacterized protein LOC109414989 [KO:K09255]
109423438  ankyrin-3-like [KO:K09255]
109417689  ankyrin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K09255]
109407961  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p110 subunit-like isoform X2 [KO:K02580]
115270140  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p110 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
109402733  FAS-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K20703]
115254243  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: FAS-associated factor 1-like [KO:K20703]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
Reference
PMID:22824741
  Authors
Merkling SH, van Rij RP
  Title
Beyond RNAi: antiviral defense strategies in Drosophila and mosquito.
  Journal
J Insect Physiol 59:159-70 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.07.004
Reference
PMID:21209287
  Authors
Valanne S, Wang JH, Ramet M
  Title
The Drosophila Toll signaling pathway.
  Journal
J Immunol 186:649-56 (2011)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1002302
Reference
PMID:21625362
  Authors
Silverman N, Paquette N, Aggarwal K
  Title
Specificity and signaling in the Drosophila immune response.
  Journal
Invertebrate Surviv J 6:163-174 (2009)
Reference
PMID:22076558
  Authors
Royet J, Gupta D, Dziarski R
  Title
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and inflammation.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 11:837-51 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nri3089
Reference
PMID:25421701
  Authors
Buchon N, Silverman N, Cherry S
  Title
Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster--from microbial recognition to whole-organism physiology.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 14:796-810 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nri3763
Reference
PMID:17948019
  Authors
Ferrandon D, Imler JL, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA
  Title
The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 7:862-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2194
Reference
PMID:25674081
  Authors
Stokes BA, Yadav S, Shokal U, Smith LC, Eleftherianos I
  Title
Bacterial and fungal pattern recognition receptors in homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals.
  Journal
Front Microbiol 6:19 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00019
Reference
PMID:22368770
  Authors
Igboin CO, Griffen AL, Leys EJ
  Title
The Drosophila melanogaster host model.
  Journal
J Oral Microbiol 4:JOM-4-10368 (2012)
DOI:10.3402/jom.v4i0.10368
Reference
PMID:23893105
  Authors
Buchon N, Broderick NA, Lemaitre B
  Title
Gut homeostasis in a microbial world: insights from Drosophila melanogaster.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 11:615-26 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro3074
Reference
PMID:26290570
  Authors
Handu M, Kaduskar B, Ravindranathan R, Soory A, Giri R, Elango VB, Gowda H, Ratnaparkhi GS
  Title
SUMO-Enriched Proteome for Drosophila Innate Immune Response.
  Journal
G3 (Bethesda) 5:2137-54 (2015)
DOI:10.1534/g3.115.020958
Reference
PMID:23632253
  Authors
Lindsay SA, Wasserman SA
  Title
Conventional and non-conventional Drosophila Toll signaling.
  Journal
Dev Comp Immunol 42:16-24 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.011
Reference
PMID:22549468
  Authors
Meinander A, Runchel C, Tenev T, Chen L, Kim CH, Ribeiro PS, Broemer M, Leulier F, Zvelebil M, Silverman N, Meier P
  Title
Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling.
  Journal
EMBO J 31:2770-83 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/emboj.2012.121
Reference
PMID:24706930
  Authors
Myllymaki H, Valanne S, Ramet M
  Title
The Drosophila imd signaling pathway.
  Journal
J Immunol 192:3455-62 (2014)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1303309
Reference
PMID:17343912
  Authors
Valanne S, Kleino A, Myllymaki H, Vuoristo J, Ramet M
  Title
Iap2 is required for a sustained response in the Drosophila Imd pathway.
  Journal
Dev Comp Immunol 31:991-1001 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2007.01.004
Reference
PMID:15556270
  Authors
Levy F, Rabel D, Charlet M, Bulet P, Hoffmann JA, Ehret-Sabatier L
  Title
Peptidomic and proteomic analyses of the systemic immune response of Drosophila.
  Journal
Biochimie 86:607-16 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.07.007
Reference
PMID:27851910
  Authors
Iatsenko I, Kondo S, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B
  Title
PGRP-SD, an Extracellular Pattern-Recognition Receptor, Enhances Peptidoglycan-Mediated Activation of the Drosophila Imd Pathway.
  Journal
Immunity 45:1013-1023 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.029
Reference
PMID:21364998
  Authors
Zaidman-Remy A, Poidevin M, Herve M, Welchman DP, Paredes JC, Fahlander C, Steiner H, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B
  Title
Drosophila immunity: analysis of PGRP-SB1 expression, enzymatic activity and function.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e17231 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0017231
Reference
PMID:29398649
  Authors
Charroux B, Capo F, Kurz CL, Peslier S, Chaduli D, Viallat-Lieutaud A, Royet J
  Title
Cytosolic and Secreted Peptidoglycan-Degrading Enzymes in Drosophila Respectively Control Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Microbiota.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 23:215-228.e4 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.007
Reference
PMID:26385528
  Authors
Koyama H, Kato D, Minakuchi C, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Miura K
  Title
Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and their roles in the innate immune pathways of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.
  Journal
J Invertebr Pathol 132:86-100 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.003
Related
pathway
aalb04013  MAPK signaling pathway - fly
aalb04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
aalb04214  Apoptosis - fly
KO pathway
ko04624   
LinkDB

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