KEGG   PATHWAY: amex04371
Entry
amex04371                   Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
amex04371  Apelin signaling pathway
amex04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra) [GN:amex]
Gene
103044091  adcy1b; adenylate cyclase type 1b [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103026793  adcy1a; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103036916  adcy2a; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103043428  adcy2b; adenylate cyclase type 2b [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103027936  adcy3a; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103034748  adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103031621  adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103026414  adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103042747  adcy6b; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103041051  adcy6a; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103025161  adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103024991  adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103023616  si:dkey-206f10.1; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X3 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103031589  si:ch211-132f19.7; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103022434  adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103023241  prkacab; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103029308  prkacba; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103024963  prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103034112  prkacbb; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta b [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103030794  lipeb; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
103036112  lipea; lipase, hormone-sensitive a [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
107197753  apln; apelin [KO:K05225]
107196867  apela; apelin receptor early endogenous ligand [KO:K25355]
103025241  aplnra; apelin receptor A [KO:K04174]
103029160  aplnr2; apelin receptor 2 [KO:K04174]
103043514  aplnrb; apelin receptor B [KO:K04174]
111193748  gnai2b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2b isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
103035761  gnaia; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide a [KO:K04630]
103033963  gnai2a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2a [KO:K04630]
103026250  gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
103044197  gnb1a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
103023031  gnb1b; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1b [KO:K04536]
103031762  gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
103042898  gnb3a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3a [KO:K07825]
111188172  gnb3b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3b [KO:K07825]
103030165  gnb4a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
103029911  gnb4b; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4b [KO:K04538]
103042250  gnb5b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5b [KO:K04539]
103032917  gnb5a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5a [KO:K04539]
103030920  gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
103024105  gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
103030837  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
103024858  gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
103031617  si:ch211-286b5.5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04542]
103037883  si:dkey-204f11.64; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
103035574  gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
111193875  gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
103044429  gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
111191037  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04347]
107196998  gng12a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12a [KO:K04347]
103038496  gng12b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
103034321  gng13a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13a [KO:K04547]
103040197  gng13b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13b [KO:K04547]
103023645  gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
111193236  gngt2a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2a [KO:K04549]
103025140  gngt2b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2b [KO:K04549]
103042808  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
103022380  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103041573  plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103029357  plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103033015  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103033987  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103021983  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103030168  itpr1a; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
103040877  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
103025600  itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
103047751  ryr1a; ryanodine receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04961]
103022324  ryanodine receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04961]
103027186  ryr2b; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
103025966  ryr2a; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
103030706  ryanodine receptor 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
103045174  ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04963]
111188412  calm1a; calmodulin-1a [KO:K02183]
103023587  calm3b; calmodulin 3b (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
103029589  calml4a; calmodulin-like protein 4a [KO:K02183]
103024819  calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
103032770  calml4b; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
103037741  calm1b; calmodulin-1b [KO:K02183]
103028596  calm2a; calmodulin 2a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
103042400  calm2b; calmodulin 2b, (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
103025738  calglandulin [KO:K02183]
103046065  nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
103031688  nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
103026958  nitric oxide synthase, inducible isoform X1 [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
103034301  prkcea; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103032491  prkceb; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103040045  slc9a1a; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
103046642  slc9a1b; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1b [KO:K05742]
103030757  slc8a3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
103029712  slc8a1a; sodium/calcium exchanger 1a isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
103029051  slc8a4b; solute carrier family 8 member 4b [KO:K05849]
103046529  slc8a2a; sodium/calcium exchanger 2a isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
103021708  slc8a4a; solute carrier family 8 member 4a [KO:K05849]
103040564  mylkb; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103022402  myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103031137  mylk2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103026233  mylka; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103024505  mylk3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103034955  mylk4b; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103036671  mylk5; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103046799  mylk4a; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
103047490  myl2a; myosin regulatory light chain 2a [KO:K10351]
103044021  myl2b; myosin, light chain 2b, regulatory, cardiac, slow isoform X3 [KO:K10351]
103034677  zgc:163073; myosin light polypeptide 6 [KO:K12749]
103026881  myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
103026687  myl4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
103024626  cmlc1; cardiac myosin light chain-1 [KO:K12750]
103021516  hrasa; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase a [KO:K02833]
103040103  hrasb; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase b [KO:K02833]
103038241  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
103023536  zgc:55558; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
103039914  nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103047285  rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
103027563  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
103031239  mrasb; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
103029246  mrasa; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
103027930  raf1b; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103025658  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103028644  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103030512  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125782187  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103041389  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103047585  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103035647  rps6kb1b; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103031203  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103029232  rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
103041836  pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103035431  si:rp71-17i16.5; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103022396  pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X2 [KO:K21290]
103022916  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
103037146  pik3r6b; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
103040659  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103026930  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103023390  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103040186  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103024575  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103042377  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103036296  egr1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
103036342  jag1a; protein jagged-1a [KO:K06052]
103034980  jag1b; protein jagged-1b [KO:K06052]
103042072  notch3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
103031956  ccnd1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
103038322  pde3b; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B isoform X1 [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
103034827  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
103025076  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103023868  becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
103031430  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
103038765  map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C isoform X2 [KO:K10435]
103035726  map1lc3cl; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
103022500  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103028619  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
111195052  prkab1a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1a [KO:K07199]
103026611  prkab1b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1b [KO:K07199]
103047649  prkab2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
103041568  prkag2b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X3 [KO:K07200]
103046384  prkag3b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3b isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
103034078  prkag3a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07200]
103037552  prkag2a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2a isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
103037640  ppargc1a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K07202]
103046627  nrf1; nuclear respiratory factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11831]
103030287  tfam; transcription factor A, mitochondrial [KO:K11830]
103039989  klf2b; Krueppel-like factor 2b [KO:K17845]
103040192  klf2a; Krueppel-like factor 2a [KO:K17845]
103040500  sphingosine kinase 2-like [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
103043132  sphk2; sphingosine kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
103023393  sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
103046194  gna13b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13b [KO:K04639]
103022306  gna13a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13a [KO:K04639]
103044753  camk4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103035634  hdac5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103041643  histone deacetylase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103029534  hdac4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X6 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103026245  mef2aa; myocyte enhancer factor 2aa isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
103041980  mef2b; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B isoform X1 [KO:K09261]
103034979  mef2ca; myocyte enhancer factor 2ca isoform X1 [KO:K04454]
103034712  mef2cb; myocyte enhancer factor 2cb isoform X2 [KO:K04454]
103037494  mef2d; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262]
103034175  tgfbr1b; TGF-beta receptor type-1b [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103025750  smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04500]
103027004  smad3b; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3b [KO:K23605]
103027811  smad3a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3a [KO:K23605]
103033599  smad4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
103033551  smad10a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
103029394  smad4a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4a isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
103022359  smad10b; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
103040556  acta2; actin, aortic smooth muscle [KO:K12313]
103023785  B-cadherin isoform X6 [KO:K05689]
111190272  cadherin-1-like [KO:K05689]
111190278  cadherin-1 [KO:K05689]
125790024  cadherin-1-like [KO:K05689]
103041886  ccn2b; CCN family member 2b isoform X1 [KO:K06827]
103034824  ccn2a; CCN family member 2a [KO:K06827]
103027188  agtr1a; type-1B angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
103027843  agtr1b; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
103042062  serpine1; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [KO:K03982]
103040332  plat; tissue-type plasminogen activator isoform X1 [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
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Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
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Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
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Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
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Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
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Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
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pathway
amex04010  MAPK signaling pathway
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amex04140  Autophagy - animal
amex04150  mTOR signaling pathway
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KO pathway
ko04371   
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