KEGG   PATHWAY: breg04140
Entry
breg04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Balearica regulorum gibbericeps (East African grey crowned-crane)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
breg04140  Autophagy - animal
breg04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Balearica regulorum gibbericeps (East African grey crowned-crane) [GN:breg]
Gene
104639471  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
104636598  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
104639857  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
104635578  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
104636125  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104636734  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104637393  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104641031  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
104634362  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K02649]
104634486  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
104643797  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
104630150  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104632555  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104635541  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104640250  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104633922  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
104631064  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
104634279  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
104635027  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
104643636  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
104641797  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
104632729  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104639949  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104629471  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104641266  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104631553  HIF1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
104629116  TSC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
104642858  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
104642660  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
104635108  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
104638702  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
104642267  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]
104644045  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
104637165  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104643920  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
104629851  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104633273  IGBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
104630593  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
104639658  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
104640452  ULK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104629538  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104638799  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
104629532  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
104634776  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
104637780  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
104637901  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
104634696  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
104630247  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
104634295  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9A-like [KO:K17907]
104644053  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
104641210  SMCR8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
104632826  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
104629235  protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
104642819  ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
104640494  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
104630258  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
104642808  serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1-like [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
104629536  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
104635615  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
104634315  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
104630758  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
104641477  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
104639360  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
104641582  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104630680  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
104630334  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
104633230  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
104637745  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
104641693  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104633724  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104643707  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104634110  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
104638972  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
104636785  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
104631779  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
104640008  PIK3R4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104637959  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
104642100  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
104639568  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1-like [KO:K17985]
104641124  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
104642369  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
104636349  UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein-like [KO:K21249]
104630204  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
104640105  KIAA0226; run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein [KO:K19330]
104629561  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
104642124  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
104641810  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
104638708  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
104640667  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
104632879  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104632951  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104635271  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104639068  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
104629086  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104633519  EIF2AK4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104638777  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
104636802  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104642645  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myotubularin-related protein 4-like [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104643286  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104633854  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
104634575  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
104632419  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
104636512  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
104641370  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
104639280  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
104634077  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
104641237  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
104637849  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
104640890  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
104643066  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
104642569  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
104638472  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
104638792  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A-like [KO:K10435]
104643693  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
104632089  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104630008  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104633701  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104632814  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
104639523  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
104633974  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
104633635  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
104632206  WDFY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
104629775  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
104631636  UBB; polyubiquitin-B isoform X1 [KO:K04551]
104629117  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
104643279  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
104630599  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
104633132  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
104639099  PLEKHM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
104633934  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
104640948  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
104641160  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
104632100  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
104642604  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
104635085  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
104635939  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
104638669  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
104639484  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
104636024  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
104630158  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
104640534  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
104642690  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
104638925  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
breg04010  MAPK signaling pathway
breg04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
breg04142  Lysosome
breg04150  mTOR signaling pathway
breg04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system