KEGG   PATHWAY: ctig04140
Entry
ctig04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Crotalus tigris (Tiger rattlesnake)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
ctig04140  Autophagy - animal
ctig04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Crotalus tigris (Tiger rattlesnake) [GN:ctig]
Gene
120311349  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
120316466  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120311443  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
120299722  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K16172]
120300362  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
120310372  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
120299739  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120313478  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120308507  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120319021  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120318076  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120305981  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120297322  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120313560  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120312169  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120316371  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120318620  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120311920  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
120302590  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
120304533  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
120309804  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120314134  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
120297109  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
120313697  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
120308479  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
120307629  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120320137  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120305410  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120303124  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120304407  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120297157  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
120299649  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
120303774  DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein-like [KO:K08270]
120313548  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
120298815  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
120305494  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
120310218  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
120309167  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
120317973  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
120307621  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
120319057  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120304547  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
120310854  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
120310973  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120306946  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120310192  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
120305511  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120303758  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120303125  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120316529  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120314814  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
120305456  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
120311646  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
120313844  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
120314898  ATG2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
120299975  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
120315665  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
120315330  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
120309639  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
120318326  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
120320268  autophagy-related protein 9A-like isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
120318653  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
120319282  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
120312293  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
120309988  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
120305958  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
120310383  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
120304133  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
120306858  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
120307413  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120303076  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
120299869  ras-related protein ORAB-1-like [KO:K07874]
120307851  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
120313227  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
120307893  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
120301631  ras-related GTP-binding protein C-like [KO:K16186]
120301644  ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
120297051  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120302837  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120297379  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120309375  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120297855  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120310129  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120317739  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120307740  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120319588  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120297252  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
120317329  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
120317124  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
120301017  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
120306432  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
120310648  nuclear receptor-binding factor 2-like [KO:K21246]
120304994  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120316657  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
120298041  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
120314875  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
120301920  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120299192  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
120310975  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
120302178  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
120318285  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
120297866  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
120320315  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
120316796  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120307899  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120300605  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120310831  ERN2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120304039  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
120305405  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120306563  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120308191  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120296675  death-associated protein kinase 2-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120299131  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
120302754  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120307670  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120300619  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
120309236  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120303175  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120313341  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120303528  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
120298231  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
120311517  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
120309658  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
120309321  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
120307448  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
120297756  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
120300830  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
120312824  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
120308390  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
120320090  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120305696  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
120302524  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
120316962  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
120299156  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
120312188  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A-like isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
120296703  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
120310570  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
120317590  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120306245  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120297667  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120310376  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120297990  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
120314441  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
120303500  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
120307329  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
120311429  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
120310724  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
120308373  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
120314334  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
120298007  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
120303171  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
120299404  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like [KO:K08512]
120320111  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like [KO:K08512]
120313942  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
120299339  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
120308456  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
120298509  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
120298901  pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
120299057  pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1-like [KO:K23282]
120298171  pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
120301941  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
120319722  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
120299242  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
120316745  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
120300384  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
120305250  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
120312081  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120316332  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
120313379  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
120301425  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
120308932  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
120320046  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
120315427  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
120316594  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
120304551  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120297222  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120300670  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120300680  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120308189  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120310636  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120320010  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120318475  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
ctig04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ctig04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ctig04142  Lysosome
ctig04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ctig04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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