KEGG   PATHWAY: els04140
Entry
els04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Esox lucius (northern pike)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
els04140  Autophagy - animal
els04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Esox lucius (northern pike) [GN:els]
Gene
105025960  insulin [KO:K04526]
105021727  insulin [KO:K04526]
105016672  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105023472  igf1r; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105020633  insulin receptor substrate 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
105023953  insulin receptor substrate 1-B [KO:K16172]
105009026  insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
105030862  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
105016500  irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
105024652  insulin receptor substrate 2-A-like [KO:K07187]
105026926  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105025897  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105028918  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105009929  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105029118  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105024545  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105026229  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105015144  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105021974  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
109614581  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105025378  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
105021296  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105023568  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105017614  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105015651  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105024916  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105021234  akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105021541  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105010650  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
105006284  pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
105018344  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
105022136  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
105029053  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
105019972  ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
105026246  ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
105022267  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
105029096  rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
105013076  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105029139  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105006978  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105011557  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105020581  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105012809  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105006515  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105015558  hif1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
105024933  hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
105012786  hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like [KO:K08268]
105009082  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
105021424  DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein-like [KO:K08270]
105031540  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
105027820  hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
105024185  tsc1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
105009692  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
105027925  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]
105025720  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
105030778  GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
105017211  rhebl1; GTPase RhebL1 [KO:K07208]
105021612  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
105017380  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
105016530  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
105013925  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105012938  akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
105031210  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
105010995  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105022224  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105030187  rps6kb2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105025028  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
105025380  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105021738  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105026079  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105026695  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105014825  ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105024833  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X2 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105023805  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105017485  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
105011002  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
105019578  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
105026434  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
105026735  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
105012795  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
105005666  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
105030518  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
105023020  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
105015201  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
105019668  autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
105019891  autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
105029975  supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
105029649  guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
105030480  smcr8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
105015166  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
105023313  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
105011476  rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
105022474  ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
105012532  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
105024664  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
105028224  rab39b; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
105028384  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
105026533  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105022443  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
105005759  ras-related protein ORAB-1 [KO:K07874]
105024931  ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
105021598  ras-related protein ORAB-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07874]
105024135  ras-related protein Rab-1A-like [KO:K07874]
105026972  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
105012575  ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
105026084  ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
105019296  rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
105011530  serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X2 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105020679  serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105015246  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105011784  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105013090  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105008738  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105029732  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105019307  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105017197  prkcd; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105017308  protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105006595  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105031053  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105024911  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105025816  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105027233  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105018981  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
105027305  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
105013756  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
105017364  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
114839466  bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
105030594  becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
105026308  nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
105031039  pik3r4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105020543  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
105024715  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
105018664  activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
105027321  activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17985]
105025313  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
105013967  tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21247]
105022736  uncharacterized protein LOC105022736 [KO:K21247]
105010994  vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
105021956  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
109615983  vacuole membrane protein 1-like [KO:K21248]
105018907  stx17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
105010981  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
105022607  endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
105025355  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
105014838  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105017873  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105015746  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105013035  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105008270  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105030085  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105017006  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
105017428  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
105012728  death-associated protein kinase 2-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105008127  dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105019165  death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105022669  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105021112  death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105030217  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105030409  high mobility group-T protein [KO:K10802]
105030407  high mobility group protein 1.2-like [KO:K10802]
105030464  high mobility group-T protein isoform X1 [KO:K10802]
105015862  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105015665  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105026061  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
105017697  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
105014193  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
106023667  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X6 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105024794  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105024340  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
105015685  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
105026889  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
105019030  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
105019263  atg5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
105029818  atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X2 [KO:K17890]
105027034  autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
105007900  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
105015204  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X2 [KO:K17888]
105005826  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
105007210  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
105020848  ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
105029113  ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
105028527  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105020670  gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
105019048  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
105008592  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
105019088  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
105029592  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
105008104  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
105018514  map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
105026718  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
105031441  map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
105012135  atg4d; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105011908  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X3 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105024651  atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105028341  cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105025629  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105007559  nbr1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
105027619  next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
105028517  optn; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
105018855  tax1bp1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
105023647  tax1-binding protein 1 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
105014563  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
105024444  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
105026211  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
105010516  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
105015226  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
105030977  ubc; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
105006708  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
105014814  vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
105029388  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
105014406  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
105017910  stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
105025614  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X3 [KO:K23883]
105024516  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
105006571  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
105005818  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
105024345  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
105026092  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
105015900  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
105019391  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
105023260  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X2 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105022951  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
105026591  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
105022483  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
105020313  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
105015198  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
105017191  ras-related protein rab7 [KO:K07897]
105017315  ras-related protein rab7 [KO:K07897]
105020054  lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06528]
105025566  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
105016567  lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
105029662  cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105028876  cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105009674  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105011651  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105027922  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105030216  ctsl; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
109614643  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105016021  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105015425  ctsb; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
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Related
pathway
els04010  MAPK signaling pathway
els04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
els04142  Lysosome
els04150  mTOR signaling pathway
els04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
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