KEGG PATHWAY: fpg04140

KEGG

PATHWAY: fpg04140

Entry

fpg04140                    Pathway

Name

Autophagy - animal - Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon)

Description

Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.

Class

Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism

Pathway map

Autophagy - animal

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon) [GN:fpg]

Gene

INS; insulin [KO:K04526]

IGF1R; insulin like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]

IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]

IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]

IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]

PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]

PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]

PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]

PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]

AKT1; AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

AKT3; AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

AKT2; AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

PTEN; phosphatase and tensin homolog [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]

HRAS; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K02833]

KRAS; KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07827]

NRAS; neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog [KO:K07828]

MRAS; muscle RAS oncogene homolog [KO:K07831]

RRAS2; related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2 [KO:K07830]

RAF1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]

MAP2K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

HIF1A; hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit [KO:K08268]

DDIT4; DNA damage inducible transcript 4 [KO:K08270]

TSC2; tuberous sclerosis 2 [KO:K07207]

TSC1; tuberous sclerosis 1 [KO:K07206]

BNIP3; BCL2 interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]

RHEB; Ras homolog enriched in brain [KO:K07208]

RPTOR; regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1 [KO:K07204]

DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]

DEPTOR; DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein [KO:K20402]

MTOR; mechanistic target of rapamycin [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]

MLST8; MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog [KO:K08266]

RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]

RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IGBP1; immunoglobulin binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]

PPP2CA; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]

PPP2CB; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]

ULK1; unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]

ULK2; unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]

ATG13; autophagy related 13 [KO:K08331]

ATG101; autophagy related 101 [KO:K19730]

RB1CC1; RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1 [KO:K17589]

ATG2B; autophagy related 2B [KO:K17906]

WIPI1; WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1 [KO:K17908]

WIPI2; WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2 [KO:K17908]

WDR45B; WD repeat domain 45B [KO:K22991]

ATG9A; autophagy related 9A [KO:K17907]

ATG9B; autophagy related 9B [KO:K17907]

SUPT20H; SPT20 homolog, SAGA complex component [KO:K21245]

SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8 [KO:K23611]

WDR41; WD repeat domain 41 [KO:K23610]

chromosome unknown open reading frame, human C9orf72 [KO:K23609]

RAB8A; RAB8A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07901]

RAB39B; RAB39B, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07925]

ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]

SQSTM1; sequestosome 1 [KO:K14381]

TBK1; TANK binding kinase 1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]

TANK; TRAF family member associated NFKB activator [KO:K12650]

RAB1A; RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07874]

RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]

RRAGD; Ras related GTP binding D [KO:K16186]

RRAGC; Ras related GTP binding C [KO:K16186]

STK11; serine/threonine kinase 11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]

PRKAA2; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]

PRKAA1; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]

PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

PRKCD; protein kinase C delta [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]

MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

BCL2; BCL2, apoptosis regulator [KO:K02161]

BCL2L1; BCL2 like 1 [KO:K04570]

BECN1; beclin 1 [KO:K08334]

NRBF2; nuclear receptor binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]

PIK3R4; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]

PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]

ATG14; autophagy related 14 [KO:K17889]

AMBRA1; autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 [KO:K17985]

TRAF6; TNF receptor associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]

TP53INP2; tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]

VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]

STX17; syntaxin 17 [KO:K08491]

UVRAG; UV radiation resistance associated [KO:K21249]

SH3GLB1; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like endophilin B1 [KO:K11248]

RUBCN; RUN and cysteine rich domain containing beclin 1 interacting protein [KO:K19330]

CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]

MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

ERN2; endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]

ERN1; endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]

ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]

DAPK2; death associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

DAPK3; death associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

DAPK1; death associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

death-associated protein kinase 2-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]

EIF2AK4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]

EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha [KO:K03237]

MTMR4; myotubularin related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

MTMR3; myotubularin related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

MTMR14; myotubularin related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1 [KO:K17603]

ATG12; autophagy related 12 [KO:K08336]

ATG5; autophagy related 5 [KO:K08339]

ATG16L1; autophagy related 16 like 1 [KO:K17890]

ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]

ATG10; autophagy related 10 [KO:K17888]

ATG3; autophagy related 3 [KO:K08343]

CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]

PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]

GABARAPL2; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2 [KO:K08341]

GABARAPL1; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 [KO:K08341]

DYNLRB1; dynein light chain roadblock-type 1 [KO:K10435]

MAP1LC3B; microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta [KO:K10435]

microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]

MAP1LC3C; microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma [KO:K10435]

ATG4A; autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

ATG4B; autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

ATG4C; autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

NBR1; NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor [KO:K17987]

OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]

CALCOCO2; calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 [KO:K21348]

TAX1BP1; Tax1 binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]

WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3 [KO:K22262]

UBA52; ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 [KO:K02927]

RPS27A; ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]

UBB; ubiquitin B [KO:K04551]

SNAP29; synaptosome associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]

VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]

YKT6; YKT6 v-SNARE homolog (S. cerevisiae) [KO:K08516]

STX7; syntaxin 7 [KO:K08488]

EPG5; ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]

PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1 [KO:K23282]

VPS11; VPS11, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20179]

VPS16; VPS16, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20180]

VPS18; VPS18, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20181]

VPS33A; VPS33A, CORVET/HOPS core subunit [KO:K20182]

VPS39; VPS39, HOPS complex subunit [KO:K20183]

VPS41; VPS41, HOPS complex subunit [KO:K20184]

BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]

GORASP2; golgi reassembly stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]

GORASP1; golgi reassembly stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]

RAB7A; RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07897]

RAB7B; RAB7B, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07898]

LAMP1; lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 [KO:K06528]

LAMP2; lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K06528]

CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]

CTSL; cathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]

cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]

CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]

Compound

GDP

GTP

Phosphatidylethanolamine

1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol

1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate

Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate

Reference

Authors

Meijer AJ, Codogno P.

Title

Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002

Reference

Authors

Deretic V.

Title

Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.

Journal

Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003

Reference

Authors

Levine B, Yuan J.

Title

Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?

Journal

J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390

Reference

Authors

Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.

Title

LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009

Reference

Authors

Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.

Title

Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.

Journal

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660

Reference

Authors

Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.

Title

Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007

Reference

Authors

Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.

Title

Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.

Journal

Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717

Reference

Authors

Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.

Title

Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029

Reference

Authors

He C, Klionsky DJ

Title

Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.

Journal

Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910

Reference

Authors

Yang Z, Klionsky DJ

Title

An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.

Journal

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1

Reference

Authors

Yang Z, Klionsky DJ

Title

Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014

Reference

Authors

Chen Y, Klionsky DJ

Title

The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.

Journal

J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576

Reference

Authors

Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y

Title

The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.

Journal

Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005

Reference

Authors

Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL

Title

Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.

Journal

Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166

Reference

Authors

Noda NN, Fujioka Y

Title

Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z

Related
pathway

MAPK signaling pathway

Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

mTOR signaling pathway

Insulin signaling pathway

KO pathway

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system