Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat) [GN:
hai ]
Gene 109388399 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990 ]
109388401 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14207 ]
109391121 SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
109389447 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
109383322 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202 ]
109391308 GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05203 ]
109375979 GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204 ]
109374459 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
109390640 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X1 [KO:K05214 ]
109372443 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
109392365 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
109375958 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
109391080 SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
109389280 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 [KO:K15009 ]
109396612 SHANK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009 ]
109384456 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
109390469 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
109375479 GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604 ]
109385746 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634 ]
109384329 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
109383976 PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
109380071 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
109377665 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
109375288 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
109392892 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
109391171 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
109374903 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
109373669 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
109372679 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
109394673 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
109384336 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
109384198 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
109387705 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
109385438 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
109390646 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
109372215 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
109371938 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
109385811 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
109371939 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
109380824 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
109374136 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997 ]
109378121 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1-like [KO:K04997 ]
109394251 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
109381136 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613 ]
109388950 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
109395944 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
109377746 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
