KEGG   PATHWAY: mlf05162
Entry
mlf05162                    Pathway                                
Name
Measles - Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat)
Description
Measles virus (MV) is highly contagious virus that leads infant death worldwide. Humans are the unique natural reservoir for this virus. MV infection is characterized by virus-induced immune suppression that can lead to increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial and viral infections. The P, V and C proteins act as virulence factors to suppress innate immune response in host by inhibiting signaling for both type I IFN induction and JAK/STAT-mediated interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction. Moreover,  H protein expressed on viral particles and binding to SLAM or CD46,  as well as N protein liberated from infected cells and interacting with Fc-gamma R, causes an inhibition of IL-12 synthesis in dendritic cells. IL-12 is a key cytokine inducing cellular immune responses to protect host from the harm caused by pathogenic infections.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
mlf05162  Measles
mlf05162

Organism
Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) [GN:mlf]
Gene
111824557  membrane cofactor protein-like [KO:K04007]
102420676  membrane cofactor protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K04007]
102420354  membrane cofactor protein [KO:K04007]
102436899  CD46; membrane cofactor protein isoform X1 [KO:K04007]
102426445  MSN; moesin [KO:K05763]
102418062  SLAMF1; signaling lymphocytic activation molecule [KO:K06536]
102431941  CD209; CD209 antigen isoform X2 [KO:K06563]
102439039  DDX58; probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 isoform X1 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102424242  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102440412  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein [KO:K12648]
102420724  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
102441851  IKBKE; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102424113  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102422872  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05411]
102425603  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102417312  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102436137  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X3 [KO:K07210]
102418059  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
102422347  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
102435748  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102424236  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
102428265  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
102431868  TLR9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: toll-like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
102425374  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
102418742  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102433848  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X3 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102417209  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
102424442  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
102437402  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
102436804  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102437183  CSNK2A1; casein kinase II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102424956  CSNK2A2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102431539  CSNK2B; casein kinase II subunit beta [KO:K03115]
102439185  TNFAIP3; tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11859] [EC:3.4.19.12]
102429407  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102439412  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
102430582  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102437455  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102418507  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102437415  JUN; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
102417433  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
102426867  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
102427189  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102431882  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
102431058  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
102435627  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
102427197  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05130]
102419381  IFNAR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 [KO:K05131]
102442324  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 [KO:K14753]
102442353  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 isoform X1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102433832  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102424662  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
102430852  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]
102425810  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]
102421700  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102419007  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102421409  OAS3; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102421108  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102433169  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
102428439  interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 [KO:K14754]
102434076  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2-like [KO:K14754]
102427199  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 [KO:K14754]
102434105  EIF2AK1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16194] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102418614  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102433431  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102442153  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102427004  RAB9A; ras-related protein Rab-9A [KO:K07899]
102431623  RAB9B; ras-related protein Rab-9B [KO:K07900]
102425210  heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 [KO:K03283]
102425512  heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like [KO:K03283]
102425826  HSPA1L; heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like [KO:K03283]
102426882  HSPA8; heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein [KO:K03283]
102439612  EIF3H; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K03247]
102428709  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102419875  RCHY1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RING finger and CHY zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K10144] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102431418  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X2 [KO:K04451]
102430812  BBC3; bcl-2-binding component 3 [KO:K10132]
102439228  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
102433075  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
102433190  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
111824600  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
102439369  CASP8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102423950  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X2 [KO:K04726]
102417074  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
102437326  BAK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
102432611  BCL2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
102443091  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102437980  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
102420929  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102436841  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102419640  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102424392  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102422013  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102421025  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102435183  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
102428235  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X2 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102438419  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102429961  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
102441858  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 isoform X1 [KO:K04503]
102422703  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
102435083  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
102431579  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
102429544  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
102431798  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102430068  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102440300  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102436834  CD3D; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06450]
102438976  CD3E; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain isoform X2 [KO:K06451]
102436522  CD3G; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain [KO:K06452]
102438564  CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 [KO:K06470]
102433200  IL2; interleukin-2 [KO:K05429]
102427118  IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05068]
102420320  IL2RB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta [KO:K05069]
102441989  IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma [KO:K05070]
102427890  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102441522  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K02649]
102429230  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102426106  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102419324  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K02649]
102422649  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102441064  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102433534  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102432845  CBLB; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B isoform X1 [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102443221  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102439923  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102428794  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X13 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102428976  JAK3; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 [KO:K11218] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102422489  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
102423996  STAT5A; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A isoform X1 [KO:K11223]
102424720  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224]
Compound
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19203113
  Authors
Schneider-Schaulies S, Schneider-Schaulies J
  Title
Measles virus-induced immunosuppression.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 330:243-69 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-70617-5_12
Reference
PMID:19203114
  Authors
Hahm B
  Title
Hostile communication of measles virus with host innate immunity and dendritic cells.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 330:271-87 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-70617-5_13
Reference
PMID:19198566
  Authors
Gerlier D, Valentin H
  Title
Measles virus interaction with host cells and impact on innate immunity.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 329:163-91 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-70523-9_8
Reference
PMID:16690907
  Authors
Schneider-Schaulies S, Dittmer U
  Title
Silencing T cells or T-cell silencing: concepts in virus-induced immunosuppression.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 87:1423-38 (2006)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.81713-0
Reference
PMID:22049305
  Authors
Avota E, Gassert E, Schneider-Schaulies S
  Title
Cytoskeletal dynamics: concepts in measles virus replication and immunomodulation.
  Journal
Viruses 3:102-17 (2011)
DOI:10.3390/v3020102
Reference
PMID:27854326
  Authors
Jiang Y, Qin Y, Chen M
  Title
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Measles Virus Replication and Anti-Viral Immunity.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E308 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8110308
Reference
PMID:18922877
  Authors
Pfaller CK, Conzelmann KK
  Title
Measles virus V protein is a decoy substrate for IkappaB kinase alpha and prevents Toll-like receptor 7/9-mediated interferon induction.
  Journal
J Virol 82:12365-73 (2008)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.01321-08
Reference
PMID:17720800
  Authors
Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Yokosawa N, Fujii N
  Title
Measles virus P protein suppresses Toll-like receptor signal through up-regulation of ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20.
  Journal
FASEB J 22:74-83 (2008)
DOI:10.1096/fj.07-8976com
Reference
PMID:23146309
  Authors
Delpeut S, Noyce RS, Siu RW, Richardson CD
  Title
Host factors and measles virus replication.
  Journal
Curr Opin Virol 2:773-83 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.10.008
Reference
PMID:26878224
  Authors
Shah M, Anwar MA, Kim JH, Choi S
  Title
Advances in Antiviral Therapies Targeting Toll-like Receptors.
  Journal
Expert Opin Investig Drugs 25:437-53 (2016)
DOI:10.1517/13543784.2016.1154040
Reference
PMID:12620806
  Authors
Yokota S, Saito H, Kubota T, Yokosawa N, Amano K, Fujii N
  Title
Measles virus suppresses interferon-alpha signaling pathway: suppression of Jak1 phosphorylation and association of viral accessory proteins, C and V, with interferon-alpha receptor complex.
  Journal
Virology 306:135-46 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00026-0
Reference
PMID:12804771
  Authors
Takeuchi K, Kadota SI, Takeda M, Miyajima N, Nagata K
  Title
Measles virus V protein blocks interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta but not IFN-gamma signaling by inhibiting STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation.
  Journal
FEBS Lett 545:177-82 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00528-3
Reference
PMID:12805463
  Authors
Palosaari H, Parisien JP, Rodriguez JJ, Ulane CM, Horvath CM
  Title
STAT protein interference and suppression of cytokine signal transduction by measles virus V protein.
  Journal
J Virol 77:7635-44 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.77.13.7635-7644.2003
Reference
PMID:14585342
  Authors
Shaffer JA, Bellini WJ, Rota PA
  Title
The C protein of measles virus inhibits the type I interferon response.
  Journal
Virology 315:389-97 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00537-3
Reference
PMID:16971451
  Authors
Carsillo T, Traylor Z, Choi C, Niewiesk S, Oglesbee M
  Title
hsp72, a host determinant of measles virus neurovirulence.
  Journal
J Virol 80:11031-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.01438-06
Reference
PMID:15914229
  Authors
Zhang X, Bourhis JM, Longhi S, Carsillo T, Buccellato M, Morin B, Canard B, Oglesbee M
  Title
Hsp72 recognizes a P binding motif in the measles virus N protein C-terminus.
  Journal
Virology 337:162-74 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2005.03.035
Reference
PMID:29712906
  Authors
Ke Z, Strauss JD, Hampton CM, Brindley MA, Dillard RS, Leon F, Lamb KM, Plemper RK, Wright ER
  Title
Promotion of virus assembly and organization by the measles virus matrix protein.
  Journal
Nat Commun 9:1736 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-04058-2
Reference
PMID:24155404
  Authors
Pfaller CK, Radeke MJ, Cattaneo R, Samuel CE
  Title
Measles virus C protein impairs production of defective copyback double-stranded viral RNA and activation of protein kinase R.
  Journal
J Virol 88:456-68 (2014)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.02572-13
Reference
PMID:17686838
  Authors
Sato H, Masuda M, Kanai M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yoneda M, Kai C
  Title
Measles virus N protein inhibits host translation by binding to eIF3-p40.
  Journal
J Virol 81:11569-76 (2007)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.00570-07
Reference
PMID:19895323
  Authors
Sion-Vardy N, Lasarov I, Delgado B, Gopas J, Benharroch D, Ariad S
  Title
Measles virus: evidence for association with lung cancer.
  Journal
Exp Lung Res 35:701-12 (2009)
DOI:10.3109/01902140902853176
Reference
PMID:16140759
  Authors
Chen M, Cortay JC, Logan IR, Sapountzi V, Robson CN, Gerlier D
  Title
Inhibition of ubiquitination and stabilization of human ubiquitin E3 ligase PIRH2 by measles virus phosphoprotein.
  Journal
J Virol 79:11824-36 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.79.18.11824-11836.2005
Reference
PMID:16699046
  Authors
Cruz CD, Palosaari H, Parisien JP, Devaux P, Cattaneo R, Ouchi T, Horvath CM
  Title
Measles virus V protein inhibits p53 family member p73.
  Journal
J Virol 80:5644-50 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.02400-05
Reference
PMID:10756053
  Authors
Servet-Delprat C, Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Le Deist F, Fischer A, Rabourdin-Combe C
  Title
Consequences of Fas-mediated human dendritic cell apoptosis induced by measles virus.
  Journal
J Virol 74:4387-93 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.74.9.4387-4393.2000
Reference
PMID:20601611
  Authors
Kushwah R, Hu J
  Title
Dendritic cell apoptosis: regulation of tolerance versus immunity.
  Journal
J Immunol 185:795-802 (2010)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1000325
Reference
PMID:10590149
  Authors
Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Lamouille B, Astier A, Rabourdin-Combe C, Servet-Delprat C
  Title
Measles virus induces functional TRAIL production by human dendritic cells.
  Journal
J Virol 74:556-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.74.1.556-559.2000
Reference
PMID:11846228
  Authors
Vidalain PO, Azocar O, Rabourdin-Combe C, Servet-Delprat C
  Title
Measle virus-infected dendritic cells develop immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities.
  Journal
Immunobiology 204:629-38 (2001)
DOI:10.1078/0171-2985-00102
Reference
PMID:10423127
  Authors
Engelking O, Fedorov LM, Lilischkis R, ter Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S
  Title
Measles virus-induced immunosuppression in vitro is associated with deregulation of G1 cell cycle control proteins.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 80 ( Pt 7):1599-608 (1999)
DOI:10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1599
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:20636817
  Authors
Griffin DE
  Title
Measles virus-induced suppression of immune responses.
  Journal
Immunol Rev 236:176-89 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00925.x
Reference
PMID:11385511
  Authors
Avota E, Avots A, Niewiesk S, Kane LP, Bommhardt U, ter Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S
  Title
Disruption of Akt kinase activation is important for immunosuppression induced by measles virus.
  Journal
Nat Med 7:725-31 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/89106
Reference
PMID:15308747
  Authors
Avota E, Muller N, Klett M, Schneider-Schaulies S
  Title
Measles virus interacts with and alters signal transduction in T-cell lipid rafts.
  Journal
J Virol 78:9552-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/JVI.78.17.9552-9559.2004
Reference
PMID:16963735
  Authors
Yanagi Y, Takeda M, Ohno S
  Title
Measles virus: cellular receptors, tropism and pathogenesis.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 87:2767-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.82221-0
Reference
PMID:16237742
  Authors
Kerdiles YM, Sellin CI, Druelle J, Horvat B
  Title
Immunosuppression caused by measles virus: role of viral proteins.
  Journal
Rev Med Virol 16:49-63 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/rmv.486
Related
pathway
mlf04110  Cell cycle
mlf04115  p53 signaling pathway
mlf04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mlf04210  Apoptosis
mlf04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mlf04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
mlf04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
mlf04658  Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation
mlf04660  T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05162   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system