KEGG   PATHWAY: phi04140
Entry
phi04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Pseudopodoces humilis (Tibetan ground-tit)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
phi04140  Autophagy - animal
phi04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Pseudopodoces humilis (Tibetan ground-tit) [GN:phi]
Gene
102111203  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
102103364  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102101540  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102111858  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
102103569  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
102103635  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102099156  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102106643  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102112482  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102114750  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102106897  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102107665  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102104813  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102112828  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102106703  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102101219  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
102112893  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
102110285  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
102111139  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
102110989  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
102103825  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102110075  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102102285  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102102818  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102099564  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
102100098  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
102110699  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
102103020  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
102114562  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
102100165  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]
102105874  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
102110286  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
102112682  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]
102113722  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
102108233  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102103797  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X2 [KO:K08266]
102100544  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102108348  RPS6KB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102101106  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
102100299  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102109205  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102112005  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102103867  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102099326  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X6 [KO:K08331]
102104914  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X1 [KO:K19730]
102107096  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17589]
102101582  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
102106867  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
102114741  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
102111215  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
102109633  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
102103232  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
102101055  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
102113538  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
102114113  SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
102109805  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
102110284  protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
102113707  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
102103030  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
102103086  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
102110080  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
102112102  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102106422  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
102110208  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
102102093  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
102106093  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
102110046  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
102112772  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102111333  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102111653  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102112800  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102111760  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102106744  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102099159  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102114724  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102113262  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
102102822  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102104305  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
102107086  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
102100776  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102104229  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
102108281  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
102099944  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
102105183  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102099660  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
102101407  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
102104015  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
102107604  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
102109588  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X2 [KO:K11248]
102101224  KIAA0226; run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein isoform X4 [KO:K19330]
102113121  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102107403  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102106238  ERN2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102103505  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102107950  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
102102679  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102099507  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102103034  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102109700  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
102104206  EIF2AK4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102105236  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102101780  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102110973  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102106615  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102110767  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
102110914  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
102112721  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X3 [KO:K08339]
102099836  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X2 [KO:K17890]
102107634  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
102100875  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
102113186  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
102104024  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
102105993  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
102104222  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102107990  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
102114705  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
102114461  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
102109519  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
102100510  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
102114441  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
102099386  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102105263  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102103393  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102107576  cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102105885  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
102100366  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
102102181  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
102110903  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
102105768  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102105249  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
102104650  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
102110862  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
102104128  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
102100110  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
102105505  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
102114756  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
102112582  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
102108196  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
102103243  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
102099951  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
102106802  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
102103754  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
102112753  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102099439  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
102107730  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
102111705  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
102104479  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
102111126  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
102113195  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
102106589  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
102113116  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
102099328  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102102206  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
phi04010  MAPK signaling pathway
phi04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
phi04142  Lysosome
phi04150  mTOR signaling pathway
phi04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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