Entry
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Panthera uncia (snow leopard)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Panthera uncia (snow leopard) [GN:
puc ]
Gene
125920187 sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
125915224 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 [KO:K05205 ]
125923333 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
125932723 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
125915713 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 [KO:K15009 ]
125919939 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009 ]
125921265 short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
125925154 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
125929585 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
125920161 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
125936451 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
125929389 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
125929845 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
125912291 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
125913218 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
125928229 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
125917979 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
125917990 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
125909505 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
125932224 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
125909421 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3-like [KO:K04540 ]
125932581 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
125912456 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
125930530 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
125915333 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
125927025 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
125929909 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
125912522 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
125929030 putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
125928420 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
125929908 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
125926444 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
125911615 G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997 ]
125928736 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
125920056 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schoepp DD
Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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