KEGG   PATHWAY: puc04724
Entry
puc04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Panthera uncia (snow leopard)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
puc04724  Glutamatergic synapse
puc04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Panthera uncia (snow leopard) [GN:puc]
Gene
125920189  sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 [KO:K14990]
125920187  sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
125911437  glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
125920250  glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
125915134  vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
125919472  vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
125935522  vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
125921513  glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 [KO:K05201]
125917210  glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3-like [KO:K05203]
125912767  glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 [KO:K05203]
125908796  glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 [KO:K05204]
125915224  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 [KO:K05205]
125934518  glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
125923148  glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
125931944  glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K05199]
125910453  glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05200]
125923684  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
125926396  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
125925967  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213]
125931056  glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214]
125922973  protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
125923333  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
125932723  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
125937053  calcineurin subunit B type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06268]
125926203  calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
125927065  disks large homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11828]
125914433  disks large-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15008]
125915713  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 [KO:K15009]
125919939  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009]
125936138  leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 [KO:K26472]
125921265  short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964]
125938983  metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
125938187  metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
125929268  homer protein homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
125910801  homer protein homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
125934940  homer protein homolog 1 [KO:K15010]
125925154  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
125931611  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
125909840  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
125935985  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
125936809  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
125927372  protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
125927972  protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
125915497  protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
125929585  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
125920161  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
125938355  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
125925204  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125909900  cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125917875  cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125917879  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125909902  cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125910372  cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
125927093  phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
125921164  phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
125914884  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125928028  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125917302  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
125918189  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
125936451  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
125930396  adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125934726  adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125937626  adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125909634  adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125921018  adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125919005  adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125915408  adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125924401  adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125926198  adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125912461  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125929088  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125913551  neurochondrin isoform X1 [KO:K27819]
125929413  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
125929862  metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04606]
125938343  metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04607]
125935371  metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
125930380  metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
125930118  metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
125929389  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
125929845  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
125912291  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
125915952  uncharacterized protein LOC125915952 isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
125913218  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
125928229  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
125917979  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
125917990  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
125921860  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
125910003  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
125909505  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
125932224  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
125909421  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3-like [KO:K04540]
125932581  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
125912456  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
125930530  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
125915333  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
125927025  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
125929909  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
125912522  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
125929030  putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
125928420  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
125929908  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
125926444  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
125914928  beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
125930681  beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
125911615  G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997]
125928736  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
125934684  excitatory amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K05613]
125912604  excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
125924532  excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
125929145  excitatory amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05617]
125920056  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
125934638  excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614]
125924239  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
125925251  glutamine synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
125929380  sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
puc00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
puc04020  Calcium signaling pathway
puc04720  Long-term potentiation
puc04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
puc04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   
LinkDB

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