KEGG   PATHWAY: rmd04140
Entry
rmd04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
rmd04140  Autophagy - animal
rmd04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) [GN:rmd]
Gene
113558495  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
113547937  insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
113551287  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113553291  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
113549217  3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113551688  RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113555800  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
113559085  GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
113548563  ras-related protein M-Ras-like [KO:K07831]
113550566  ras-like protein 2 [KO:K07830]
113560464  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase dSOR1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113551251  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113550613  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like [KO:K08268]
113561167  tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
113551645  hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
113560646  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]
113549112  uncharacterized protein LOC113549112 [KO:K15464]
113556879  GTP-binding protein Rheb homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
113556609  GTP-binding protein Rheb homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
113550891  regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
113555205  serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113551238  target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 [KO:K08266]
113551748  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113555511  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1b [KO:K17606]
113551529  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
113547942  serine/threonine-protein kinase unc-51 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113561043  autophagy-related protein 13 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
113555081  autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
113556197  RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
113559105  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
113555232  tetratricopeptide repeat protein 14 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
113549893  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
113553218  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4-like [KO:K22991]
113549940  autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
113559410  ras-related protein Rab-8B-like isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
113554966  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
113555489  serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
113557968  AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 4B-like [KO:K07874]
113558996  ras-related protein ORAB-1 [KO:K07874]
113547819  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
113558129  ras-related GTP-binding protein A-like [KO:K16185]
113548189  ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
113547903  serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11-like [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113551661  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
113558957  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113547873  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 1-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113557762  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113548979  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 1-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113555692  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113549300  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113556940  stress-activated protein kinase JNK isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113552101  beclin-1-like protein [KO:K08334]
113551342  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113551622  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
113556734  beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
113560984  TNF receptor-associated factor 6-like [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
113549439  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: titin [KO:K21247]
113551284  vacuole membrane protein 1-like [KO:K21248]
113548744  syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
113556562  UV radiation resistance associated protein [KO:K21249]
113557183  endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
113557449  run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
113550170  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
113553054  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
113560545  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
113559923  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor [KO:K04958]
113549953  death-associated protein kinase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113549322  high mobility group protein DSP1 [KO:K10802]
113556590  eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113547885  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
113552972  myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113556762  myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113552226  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17603]
113554076  ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
113561038  autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
113555124  autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
113556569  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
113557316  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
113556376  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
113558596  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
113553101  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
113558501  cysteine protease ATG4B-like [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113555517  WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
113550995  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
113550079  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
113554084  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
113555296  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
113552212  synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
113552872  synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
113547989  syntaxin-7-like [KO:K08488]
113554898  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
113555513  pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
113551162  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
113561149  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
113557346  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
113555282  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
113548566  vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
113550169  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
113560326  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
113555965  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like [KO:K07897]
113548069  ras-related protein rab7-like [KO:K07897]
113550942  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
113555722  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
113559215  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113559892  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113557573  cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113549020  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase 4 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113557036  cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase 3 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559255  cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559456  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113555206  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113556418  cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase 4 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113558910  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559345  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113560849  uncharacterized protein LOC113560849 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559015  cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase 3 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113551310  cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559198  cathepsin B-like isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559406  cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase 3 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113559439  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113555454  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113555465  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113560863  uncharacterized protein LOC113560863 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
rmd04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
rmd04142  Lysosome
rmd04150  mTOR signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system