KEGG   PATHWAY: sfm04210
Entry
sfm04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Scleropages formosus (Asian bonytongue)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
sfm04210  Apoptosis
sfm04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Scleropages formosus (Asian bonytongue) [GN:sfm]
Gene
108935283  tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
108931028  CD40 ligand-like [KO:K04721]
108927788  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
108925009  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
108940401  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
108923469  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
114911301  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
108939520  fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
108941100  fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
108935614  tumor necrosis factor-like [KO:K03156]
108925658  tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
108918966  tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
108942112  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
108920619  casp8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108918550  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108918555  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108932283  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108920617  caspase-8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
108936646  casp6; caspase-6 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
108936647  caspase-6-like [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
108924572  casp3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
114912449  caspase-3-like [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
108923620  caspase-7-like [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
108940466  casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
108941669  bax; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
108923902  apoptosis regulator BAX-like [KO:K02159]
108931251  bak1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
108921226  diablo homolog, mitochondrial-like [KO:K10522]
108938268  diablo homolog, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K10522]
108921305  septin-5-like isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
108922442  septin-5-like isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
108918851  serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
108930727  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
108920269  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
108931524  apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
108939364  casp9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
108929656  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
108942496  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
108929729  perforin-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
108941694  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
108938041  perforin-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
108920035  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
108920043  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
108937451  granzyme B(G,H)-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
108918420  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
108918534  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
108920693  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
108920697  tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
108920706  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
108928243  tubulin alpha-1 chain-like [KO:K07374]
108932580  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
108932549  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108932567  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
108918121  tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
114909334  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
108920632  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
108920633  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
114909073  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
108932550  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108932551  tubulin alpha-1C chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
108941856  induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog [KO:K02539]
108930426  induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog [KO:K02539]
108922540  actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
108926888  actb; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
108922518  actin, cytoplasmic type 5-like [KO:K05692]
108921918  spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
108934758  spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
108926783  lmna; lamin [KO:K12641]
108930411  lamin-A-like [KO:K12641]
108929935  lmnb1; lamin-B1 isoform X2 [KO:K07611]
108930524  lamin-L(II) [KO:K07611]
108941256  lamin-L(III)-like isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
108923980  parp1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108923435  parp3; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108937870  parp2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108923280  dffa; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02310]
108931060  dffb; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
108938387  endog; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
108931051  aifm1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
108927413  ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108940180  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108922584  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108929927  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108938148  TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108923394  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
108936961  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
108942564  itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
108931222  itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
108934318  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108933741  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108927110  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108921654  calpain-9-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
108927097  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108927098  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108927128  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108933713  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108933714  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108921113  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108923993  eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
108921092  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
108930667  atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
108928403  ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
108921214  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
108924141  ctsb; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
108923063  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
108932123  ctsc; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
108934581  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108930663  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108928864  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108942262  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108925299  cathepsin F-like [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
108931675  ctsh; pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
108941878  cathepsin K-like [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
108930421  cathepsin K-like [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
108931640  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108925074  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108923236  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108938648  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108930809  ctso; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
108930364  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108930365  cathepsin K-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108930367  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108941877  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108941910  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108930412  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108930417  cathepsin S-like isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
114909387  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108930071  cathepsin Z-like isoform X1 [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
108928420  ctsz; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
108934246  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3-like [KO:K16060]
108925196  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP-like [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108924792  birc5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
108939213  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.1-like [KO:K08731]
108927156  bcl2l11; bcl-2-like protein 11 [KO:K16341]
108926435  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
108925659  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
108931633  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
108937589  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
108930424  daxx; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
108937518  receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1-like [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108939327  ripk1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108927260  disabled homolog 2-interacting protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
108938657  disabled homolog 2-interacting protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
108919179  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108929292  map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108918109  mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108918907  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8B isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108936860  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108934371  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108935733  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108925227  bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
108935116  jun; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
108923530  transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
114911311  transcription factor AP-1-like [KO:K04448]
108930699  proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
108930709  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like [KO:K04379]
108936694  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like [KO:K04379]
108936678  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like [KO:K04379]
108921730  tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
108923185  cellular tumor antigen p53-like [KO:K04451]
108941583  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14-like [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108928263  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14-like [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108933554  chuk; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
108920198  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
108918214  NF-kappa-B essential modulator-like isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
108939062  NF-kappa-B essential modulator-like isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
108923979  NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha-like [KO:K04734]
108919418  nfkbia; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
108920826  nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
108930913  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit-like [KO:K02580]
108934391  putative transcription factor p65 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
108935220  ptpn13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
108923747  gadd45a; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
108938471  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
108938367  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
108938368  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
108930535  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402]
108930538  gadd45b; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
108935241  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402]
108938498  traf1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03172]
108932475  atm; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108942027  pidd1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
108924035  casp2; caspase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
108918378  ngf; beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
108939188  neurotrophin-7-like [KO:K02582]
108926773  ntrk1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
108930374  high affinity nerve growth factor receptor-like [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
108928835  cytokine receptor common subunit beta-like [KO:K04738]
108930666  csf2rb; cytokine receptor common subunit beta [KO:K04738]
108923074  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108933929  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108937366  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108932407  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108921677  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108929926  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108930594  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108935188  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108935510  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
108938124  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108923949  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108921701  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108932833  akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108919646  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108927252  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108942359  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
108934636  GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
108933921  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
108941738  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
108926679  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
114909046  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
108928283  nras; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
108929807  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108925552  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108926724  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108919814  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108921692  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108920146  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108933025  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108941664  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
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Related
pathway
sfm04010  MAPK signaling pathway
sfm04020  Calcium signaling pathway
sfm04115  p53 signaling pathway
sfm04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   
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