KEGG   PATHWAY: shr04140
Entry
shr04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
shr04140  Autophagy - animal
shr04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) [GN:shr]
Gene
100916673  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100918116  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100924829  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100931354  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
100929811  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100932099  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105749979  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100926892  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100924976  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100935230  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100917568  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100917987  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100913262  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100925440  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100927199  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100929168  ras-like protein [KO:K02833]
116419913  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
100915526  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100927252  ras-related protein Rab-26-like [KO:K07827]
100929426  ras protein let-60-like [KO:K07827]
100928986  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100926472  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
100925964  RRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
100935072  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
100935202  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100921899  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100917396  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100934330  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100913231  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100931887  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
105750469  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
116421948  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100918445  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
100918165  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
105749168  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
100919006  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
100930970  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
100916953  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X3 [KO:K20402]
100933018  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
100931480  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100928550  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
100919659  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
100935081  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100930707  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100931357  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
100921980  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100927043  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100932648  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform-like [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100934149  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100934448  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100930382  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
100931777  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
100933709  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100914858  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
100917633  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100920269  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100931931  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100913605  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
105750032  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
100915884  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
100933049  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
100921682  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
100924626  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
100932677  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
100919582  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K23609]
100935197  RAB8A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100918591  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100915932  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100924705  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
100915362  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100933472  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
100923829  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
100916768  ras-related GTP-binding protein A isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
100914982  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
100920127  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
100927576  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100926139  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100928944  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100929360  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100915481  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100934183  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100913731  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100925245  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100930815  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100928480  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100924267  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100934666  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100915548  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
100923199  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
100931761  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
100923107  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
100919089  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100924620  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100924525  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
100914667  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
100922331  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100928079  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
100931233  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
100932427  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
100914381  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
100934970  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
100923665  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100920997  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100935398  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100918532  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X7 [KO:K04958]
100916127  death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100933287  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100934384  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100914009  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100932515  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
100915385  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100927460  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100921025  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100917511  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100933801  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100928957  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100915120  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
100923575  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
100934445  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
100915878  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
100926478  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
100933380  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
100918781  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
100932255  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X4 [KO:K08343]
100927927  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
111721354  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
100919789  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100930358  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
100931419  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
100931278  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
100914051  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
100928511  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
100927558  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
100931463  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100931882  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100930091  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100914909  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100930527  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
100931941  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
100915090  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
100922467  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2-like [KO:K21348]
100918309  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
100930546  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
100933021  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
100913470  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100933931  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K04551]
100920626  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
116421250  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
100931365  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
100927093  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
100935189  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
100918641  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
100916193  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
100925909  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20180]
100933441  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
100925671  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
100915374  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
100922541  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
100915294  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100930425  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100926203  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
100923936  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
100934002  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
100920201  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
100933608  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
100933802  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100933548  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100913383  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100920513  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
shr04010  MAPK signaling pathway
shr04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
shr04142  Lysosome
shr04150  mTOR signaling pathway
shr04152  AMPK signaling pathway
shr04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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