KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:actl00010 actl01200 actl01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:actl00010 actl01200 actl01230 actl01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:actl00010 actl00020 actl01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:actl00010 actl00020 actl00620 actl00785 actl01200 actl01210 actl01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:actl00020 actl01200 actl01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:actl00020 actl01200 actl01210 actl01230 actl01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:actl00020 actl01200 actl01210 actl01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:actl00030 actl01200 actl01100 actl01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:actl00030 actl01200 actl01100 actl01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:actl00030 actl01200 actl01230 actl01100 actl01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:actl00030 actl00230 actl01200 actl01230 actl01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:actl00040 actl00030 actl01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:actl00052 actl01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:actl00500 actl01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:actl00520 actl01250 actl01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:actl00520 actl00052 actl01250 actl01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:actl00520 actl01250 actl01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:actl00630 actl01200 actl01100 actl01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:actl00280 actl00630 actl00640 actl01200 actl01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:actl00620 actl01200 actl01100 actl01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:actl00430 actl00620 actl01200 actl01100 actl01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:actl00190 actl01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:actl00190 actl01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:actl00190 actl01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:actl00190 actl01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:actl00061 actl00071 actl01212 actl01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:actl00071 actl01212 actl01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:actl00564 actl01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:actl00564 actl01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:actl00230 actl01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:actl00230 actl01232 actl01240 actl01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:actl00230 actl01232 actl01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:actl00230 actl00240 actl01232 actl01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:actl00230 actl01232 actl01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:actl00230 actl01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:actl00240 actl01232 actl01240 actl01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:actl00240 actl01232 actl01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:actl00260 actl01230 actl01100 actl01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:actl00260 actl00630 actl00785 actl01200 actl01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:actl00260 actl00270 actl01230 actl01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:actl00270 actl01230 actl01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:actl00290 actl00770 actl01210 actl01230 actl01100 actl01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:actl00290 actl01230 actl01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:actl00290 actl01210 actl01230 actl01100 actl01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:actl00280 actl01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:actl00300 actl01230 actl01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:actl00220 actl01210 actl01230 actl01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:actl00220 actl01230 actl01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:actl00330 actl01230 actl01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:actl00330 actl01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:actl00330 actl01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:actl00330 actl01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:actl00340 actl01230 actl01100 actl01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:actl00250 actl00650 actl01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:actl00750 actl01240 actl01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:actl00760 actl01240 actl01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:actl00770 actl01240 actl01100 actl01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:actl00770 actl01240 actl01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:actl00780 actl01240 actl01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:actl00785 actl01240 actl01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:actl00790 actl00670 actl01240 actl01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:actl00860 actl01240 actl01100 actl01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:actl00860 actl01240 actl01100 actl01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:actl00860 actl01240 actl01100]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:actl00130 actl01240 actl01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:actl00900 actl01100 actl01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:actl00900 actl01100 actl01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:actl01056 actl00253 actl01100 actl01110]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:actl00521 actl00523 actl00541 actl01250 actl01100 actl01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity