KEGG   ENZYME: 1.1.1.219
Entry
EC 1.1.1.219                Enzyme                                 
Name
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase;
dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase;
dihydromyricetin reductase;
NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase;
dihydroquercetin reductase;
DFR (gene name);
cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase;
dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (incorrect)
Class
Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-OH group of donors;
With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
Sysname
(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
Reaction(IUBMB)
a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + NADP+ = a (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol + NADPH + H+ [RN:R11500]
Reaction(KEGG)
R11500 > R03123 R03636 R05038 R07998 R07999
Substrate
(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin [CPD:C21418];
NADP+ [CPD:C00006]
Product
(2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol [CPD:C21417];
NADPH [CPD:C00005];
H+ [CPD:C00080]
Comment
This plant enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, is known to act on (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)-taxifolin, and (+)-dihydromyricetin, although some enzymes may act only on a subset of these compounds. Each dihydroflavonol is reduced to the corresponding cis-flavan-3,4-diol. NAD+ can act instead of NADP+, but more slowly.
History
EC 1.1.1.219 created 1989, modified 2016
Pathway
ec00941  Flavonoid biosynthesis
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K00091  dihydroflavonol-4-reductase
K13082  bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase
Genes
ATH: AT5G42800(DFR)
ALY: 9299065 9301555
CRB: 17877190
CSAT: 104725195 104760679 104771418
EUS: EUTSA_v10003227mg
BRP: 103839279
BNA: 106403158 106447075 106448797
BOE: 106315758
RSZ: 108826061
THJ: 104801920
CPAP: 110820638
CIT: 102578060
CIC: CICLE_v10001757mg
PVY: 116119408
MINC: 123228680
TCC: 18591418 18610896
GRA: 105769058 105772697
GHI: 107905441 107935085 107938889 107957957
GAB: 108454128 108480324
DZI: 111312736 111315336 111315339
EGR: 104448776
GMX: 100778253 548087(DFR1) 732626(DFR2)
GSJ: 114384244 114391094 114392892
PVU: PHAVU_001G012700g PHAVU_001G012800g PHAVU_007G246200g
VRA: 106763833 106764122 106770756 106770772 106771250
VAR: 108324448 108324922 108336257 108336367
VUN: 114191920 114193233 114193234 114193708
CCAJ: 109811985 109811998
APRC: 113845972 113846034
MTR: 25482168 25482169
CAM: 101491984 101492767
PSAT: 127093431 127093432
LJA: Lj5g3v0108490.1(Lj5g3v0108490.1) Lj5g3v0108500.1(Lj5g3v0108500.1) Lj5g3v0108500.2(Lj5g3v0108500.2) Lj5g3v0108500.3(Lj5g3v0108500.3)
ADU: 107495990
AHF: 112697991 112697992 112756300 112756301
LANG: 109343177
RCN: 112173668
PPER: 18788884
PMUM: 103320869
PAVI: 110771557
PDUL: 117615194
MDM: 103440468 103450464
PXB: 103928717 103954960
ZJU: 107420289 107420293
MNT: 21384592 21404779
RCU: 8288959
JCU: 105633822 105633823 105633824 110008657
HBR: 110638079 110638080 110638081 110655218 110655234
MESC: 110605890 110615791 110615792
POP: 7454367 7471942
PEU: 105113121 105128763
PALZ: 118052800 118062127
JRE: 108991381
CILL: 122316519 122316520
QSU: 111984642 111984643
QLO: 115974365 115974366
TWL: 119995119 120008961 120012083
VVI: 100233141(DFR) 100259090 100267635
VRI: 117905400 117906273 117906599
SLY: 544150
SPEN: 107010988
SOT: 102577487 102587107(DFR)
SSTN: 125846336
CANN: 107860031
NTA: 107797232(Dfr2) 107803097(Dfr1)
NSY: 104212411
NTO: 104112288
NAU: 109208181 109232046
INI: 109177611(DFR-A) 109177619(DFR-B) 109177620(DFR-C)
ITR: 115997971 115999112 115999903
SIND: 105165774
OEU: 111409594
EGT: 105965285
SSPL: 121768372 121769161
APAN: 127265823
ECAD: 122602690
LSV: 111897350
CCAV: 112508614
DCR: 108216819 108220625 108222116 108222765 108222766 108224331 108224780
CSIN: 114263316 114299086 114299087 114306385
BVG: 104889670
SOE: 110794664
CQI: 110702165 110702205 110724547 110738821
NNU: 104589331 104589332 104590621 104601829
MING: 122070773 122070775 122075392 122076687 122086119 122086459 122094122
TSS: 122660095 122661531 122662474 122666599 122666608
PSOM: 113333459 113345760
DOSA: Os01t0633500-00(Os01g0633500)
OBR: 102721875
BDI: 100845692
ATS: 109757643
TDC: 119268458 119276348
TAES: 100125685 123070190 123078633
TUA: 125544210
LPER: 127343060
SBI: 8058202 8058203 8075972 8076097
ZMA: 100272982 100286107
SITA: 101769770
SVS: 117854796
PVIR: 120676859 120707535
PHAI: 112892049
PDA: 103712715
EGU: 105033295 105048473
MUS: 103979760 103981125 103982813
ZOF: 121971619 122009647
DCT: 110101655
PEQ: 110038738
AOF: 109843175
NCOL: 116247360 116268364
ATR: 18422615 18422618 18422620
FAU: Fraau_3210
DJA: HY57_12660
DYE: EO087_12880
DCS: ISN74_17635
DTL: H8F01_19315
DTA: DYST_00505
AVN: Avin_20730
AVL: AvCA_20730
AVD: AvCA6_20730
TTU: TERTU_3244
MPAD: KEF85_05875
MESL: KKZ03_12775
NOC: Noc_0999
NHL: Nhal_2984
NWA: Nwat_2036
NWR: E3U44_12890
NTT: TAO_1098
NTG: NSCAC_0727(dfrA)
ACII: C4901_05380
ATY: A9R16_011110
SALN: SALB1_2152
RPJ: N234_32360
REH: H16_B2168(h16_B2168)
CNC: CNE_2c21530(dfrA)
CUH: BJN34_33320
REU: Reut_B4897
RME: Rmet_4170
CTI: RALTA_B1951
CBW: RR42_s2390
CCUP: BKK81_26470
CUP: BKK80_29845
CUU: BKK79_20495
CPAU: EHF44_19165
COX: E0W60_04435
CCAM: M5D45_21450
CCAX: KZ686_17040
BMA: BMAA1958
BMV: BMASAVP1_0976
BML: BMA10229_1262
BMN: BMA10247_A2237
BMAL: DM55_3834
BMAE: DM78_4753
BMAQ: DM76_4531
BMAI: DM57_06275
BMAF: DM51_3641
BMAZ: BM44_3794
BMAB: BM45_4568
BPS: BPSS2165
BPM: BURPS1710b_A1280(hpnA)
BPL: BURPS1106A_A2924
BPD: BURPS668_A3049
BPSE: BDL_5633
BPSM: BBQ_3946
BPSU: BBN_5652
BPSD: BBX_4800
BPZ: BP1026B_II2330
BPQ: BPC006_II2878
BPK: BBK_4938
BPSH: DR55_5571
BPSA: BBU_3830
BPSO: X996_5343
BUT: X994_4891
BTE: BTH_II2241
BTQ: BTQ_5529
BTJ: BTJ_4185
BTZ: BTL_4995
BTD: BTI_4584
BTV: BTHA_5227
BTHE: BTN_4653
BTHM: BTRA_4920
BTHA: DR62_4760
BTHL: BG87_4985
BOK: DM82_4152
BOC: BG90_3874
BUU: WS70_18155
BSAV: WS86_19535
BHG: I6G56_30185
BVI: Bcep1808_3713
BUR: Bcep18194_B0109
BCM: Bcenmc03_4723
BCH: Bcen2424_5549
BCJ: BCAM2735
BCEN: DM39_5146
BCEW: DM40_3320
BCEO: I35_6621
BAM: Bamb_4873
BAC: BamMC406_5420
BMJ: BMULJ_05269
BMU: Bmul_3257
BMK: DM80_4636
BMUL: NP80_3298
BCT: GEM_5671
BCED: DM42_5249
BCEP: APZ15_24195
BDL: AK34_3168
BPYR: ABD05_22035
BCON: NL30_17550
BUB: BW23_3932
BDF: WI26_26250
BLAT: WK25_29185
BTEI: WS51_10355
BSEM: WJ12_33580
BPSL: WS57_00730
BMEC: WJ16_32030
BSTG: WT74_32410
BSTL: BBJ41_27520
BANN: JFN94_17795
BARI: NLX30_23475
BGL: bglu_2g22140
BGU: KS03_3703
BUG: BC1001_4750
BGF: BC1003_4514
BGD: bgla_2g29050
BGO: BM43_6644
BYI: BYI23_B013890
BUK: MYA_3346
BUE: BRPE67_BCDS00850
BUL: BW21_4106
BUQ: AC233_26295
BGP: BGL_2c28800(hpnA)
BPLA: bpln_2g28820
BUD: AQ610_20385
BUM: AXG89_19135
BUI: AX768_28910
BURK: DM992_25330
BXE: Bxe_B0022
BXB: DR64_5386
BPH: Bphy_4126
BGE: BC1002_5072
BPX: BUPH_01315
BPY: Bphyt_7040
BUZ: AYM40_35425
BFN: OI25_5490
BCAI: K788_0000698
PSPW: BJG93_21610
PARA: BTO02_22325
PARB: CJU94_28485
PHS: C2L64_18430
PTER: C2L65_16265
PGP: CUJ91_29940
PCJ: CUJ87_28125
PTS: CUJ90_23595
PCAF: DSC91_003043
PMEG: FNZ07_04800
PTRO: G5S35_20695
PGIS: I6I06_27975
PACP: FAZ97_23660
PACS: FAZ98_19060
PEW: KZJ38_23970
PDIO: PDMSB3_3354.1(dfrA)
BRH: RBRH_03438
PPK: U875_17005
PPNO: DA70_09075
PPNM: LV28_21730
PRB: X636_17415
PPUL: RO07_16120
PSPU: NA29_21030
PAPI: SG18_00180
PVE: UC34_07375
POX: MB84_11715
PTX: ABW99_02805
PFG: AB870_18070
PNR: AT302_26685
PAND: DRB87_06640
PFIB: PI93_020465
PCOM: NTU39_08390
CABA: SBC2_70250(auaH_2)
BUO: BRPE64_BCDS00980
MANC: IV454_19055
MFY: HH212_18900
BBAG: E1O_05350
NIT: NAL212_2369
NII: Nit79A3_1555
NCO: AAW31_03945
NUR: ATY38_00430
NMU: Nmul_A2281
NLC: EBAPG3_014585
NIZ: NNRS527_02446
GSU: GSU0687(hpnA)
GSK: KN400_0661(hpnA)
GME: Gmet_2821(hpnA)
GPI: GPICK_04080
GBZ: JZM60_01930
GEM: GM21_0884
GEB: GM18_3440
GEF: FO488_12195
GUR: Gura_1019
GEO: Geob_3663(hpnA)
GLO: Glov_2234
GBM: Gbem_3361(hpnA)
GBN: GEOBRER4_08480(hpnA)
GER: KP004_03720
GSUB: KP001_11690
GNT: KP003_03540
GPL: M1B72_17020
PPD: Ppro_1190
DSA: Desal_2362
DHY: DESAM_23203(dfrA)
DEK: DSLASN_17110(hpnA)
AFW: Anae109_4084
AORY: AMOR_12140(hpnA_2)
APAU: AMPC_20810(hpnA_2) AMPC_36120
AVM: JQX13_31295
PAUU: E8A73_007830 E8A73_025805 E8A73_027450
NANN: O0S08_21345
DAO: Desac_0411
SFU: Sfum_0864
BBAE: FRD01_17460
STAR: G3545_15505
MEA: Mex_1p1814
MDI: METDI2701
MEX: Mext_1940
MCH: Mchl_2216
MPO: Mpop_1831
MZA: B2G69_17160
MRD: Mrad2831_5422
MET: M446_6351
MNO: Mnod_7142
MOR: MOC_5997
META: Y590_09020
MAQU: Maq22A_c25235(wcaG)
MPHY: MCBMB27_04723
MEE: DA075_06165
METD: C0214_10775
METX: A3862_03565
METS: DK389_19275
METI: DK427_24615
MMES: MMSR116_24445
MTEA: DK419_25000
MIND: mvi_55650
MOG: MMB17_13730
MTAD: M6G65_20545
BID: Bind_3152
MSL: Msil_3239
MTUN: MTUNDRAET4_2109(dfrA)
MLG: CWB41_01825
HDN: Hden_0472
HDT: HYPDE_24863
HMC: HYPMC_3776
RHZ: RHPLAN_37710
MBRY: B1812_14330
MROS: EHO51_12825
MHEY: H2LOC_010895
MPAR: F7D14_03200
MTW: CQW49_00140
LIZ: LGH83_10455
CAUL: KCG34_23170
ZMO: ZMO0867
ZMN: Za10_0425
ZMM: Zmob_0430
ZMB: ZZ6_0428
ZMI: ZCP4_0444
ZMC: A265_00439
ZMR: A254_00439
ZMP: Zymop_0398
NOR: FA702_05060
SPHM: G432_09205
SPAN: AWL63_21295
SPHA: D3Y57_13870
SARI: H5J25_10665
SMOR: LHA26_09995
POQ: KZX46_17600
PMEA: KTC28_15790
GOX: GOX2253
GOH: B932_2749
GOY: GLS_c23960
GAL: A0U94_06135
GTI: FXF46_13790
GSP: IGS75_12730
GFA: MKW11_14220
GBE: GbCGDNIH1_1978
GBH: GbCGDNIH2_1978
GBC: GbCGDNIH3_1978
GBS: GbCGDNIH4_1978
ACR: Acry_0121
AMV: ACMV_01460
GDI: GDI1625(dfrA)
GDJ: Gdia_1830
GXY: GLX_17380
GXL: H845_3224
KNA: B0W47_08895
KEU: S101446_02254
KSC: CD178_01164
KRE: GWK63_14340
APT: APA01_02000
APW: APA42C_02000
APF: APA03_02000
APU: APA07_02000
APG: APA12_02000
APQ: APA22_02000
APX: APA26_02000
APZ: APA32_02000
APK: APA386B_1688(dfrA)
ASZ: ASN_2213(dfrA)
ASV: WG31_01040
AACE: A0U92_11700
APER: A0U91_06950
APOM: CPF11_06300
ATO: CIW82_01565
AASC: A4S02_11540
ACET: DS739_01140
AOT: AcetOri_orf02392
AOY: EOV40_001065
ACEK: FLP30_07025
ABG: Asbog_02601(hpnA)
KBA: A0U89_01790
RGI: RGI145_09705
ROS: CTJ15_07715
RMUC: FOB66_09740
RMT: IAI58_18570
NCH: A0U93_07570
COQ: D9V35_08245
COMM: GN303_08045
NTN: D5366_10570
NEH: E3E11_07640
SSAM: E3D00_09640
SWF: E3E12_06905
BOB: GN304_03795
BOMB: GT348_03320
EBLA: JGUZn3_04130(auaH)
LCK: HN018_00165
KHA: IFJ82_01360
PARZ: DTQ13_08050
SRF: LHU95_12760
RAP: RHOA_2344(dfrA)
NAO: Y958_22695
RRU: Rru_A0058
RRF: F11_00295
RPM: RSPPHO_02410
MAG: amb1364
MAGX: XM1_1987
MAGN: WV31_17670
HTQ: FRZ44_32440
HADH: FRZ61_15090
MAGQ: MGMAQ_1498
AFR: AFE_2122
AFE: Lferr_1781
ACU: Atc_2238
ACZ: Acaty_c2078
AFI: Acife_1272
AFJ: AFERRID_02560
ATX: GCD22_00870(dfrA)
AFP: K1Y48_00770
ACIY: MQE22_03715
AAC: Aaci_2444
AAD: TC41_2734
AACO: K1I37_18760
AFAS: NZD89_04665
PABS: JIR001_12400
MSTO: MSTO_53950
MSEO: MSEO_00710
MHER: K3U94_02810
MVM: MJO54_02810
NPS: KRR39_14815
PBRO: HOP40_04965
PPEL: H6H00_05415
PARN: NBH00_05775 NBH00_16585
SBAE: DSM104329_03993(auaH_3) DSM104329_04524(auaH_4)
SYN: slr1706(dfrA)
SYZ: MYO_16700(dfrA)
SYY: SYNGTS_0664(dfrA)
SYT: SYNGTI_0664(dfrA)
SYS: SYNPCCN_0663(dfrA)
SYQ: SYNPCCP_0663(dfrA)
SYJ: D082_01900(dfrA)
SYO: C7I86_03435
SYNE: Syn6312_3377
SYNP: Syn7502_02008
AMR: AM1_1585
WNA: KA717_37735
TVN: NIES2134_111790
SLW: BRW62_04305
TEL: tlr1370
THN: NK55_02315
THEC: FFX45_09215
LEN: LEP3755_03810
LBO: LBWT_48430
KOV: K9N68_25125
LSC: KIK02_09830
LSK: J5X98_15045
GEN: GM3709_904
MPK: VL20_1331
MIQ: B5D77_05605
CAN: Cyan10605_1274
CYU: UCYN_10050
CYT: cce_2231(dfrA)
CWA: CwatDRAFT_4086
CYP: PCC8801_2029
CYH: Cyan8802_2055
CYC: PCC7424_3275
CYJ: Cyan7822_0051
CYN: Cyan7425_5153
TER: Tery_3280
PAGH: NIES204_17840
PPSU: NO713_03029(dfrA)
MIC: Mic7113_6078
MPRO: BJP34_13610
PHOR: JWS08_19530
PYH: NEA10_14875
GVI: glr1747
GLJ: GKIL_2057
GML: ISF26_19080
ANA: alr4268
NPU: Npun_F5286
NOS: Nos7107_3777
NOP: Nos7524_0567
NON: NOS3756_09000
NFL: COO91_01517
NOE: CLI64_08015
NSH: GXM_03722
AVA: Ava_1218
ANB: ANA_C20332(hpnA)
ACY: Anacy_0168
AWA: AA650_03395
ANN: EH233_20040
CSG: Cylst_2363
RSIN: B6N60_02734
CALO: Cal7507_4142
CALT: Cal6303_5149
CALN: NIES2098_01200
FIS: FIS3754_04770
DOU: BMF77_02898
DFS: HGD76_21760
DHT: NG743_10225
CCUR: IAR63_06210
CRK: L3I90_15240
AFLO: HEQ12_15720
TOQ: HCG51_00675
NCN: BZZ01_05200
PLP: Ple7327_0595
SCS: Sta7437_2744
STAN: STA3757_25960
CEO: ETSB_0279(dfrA)
CER: RGRSB_0234(dfrA)
THUG: KNN16_02930 KNN16_11905
PMET: G4Y79_02345
CCZ: CCALI_00062
UAM: UABAM_02401
LKB: LPTSP3_g03350(hpnA)
ABA: Acid345_1741
ACA: ACP_0818
ACM: AciX9_1595
GMA: AciX8_1349
GRW: FTO74_09355
GRB: GOB94_00730
TSA: AciPR4_1988
TRS: Terro_1973
TALB: FTW19_15270
ABAS: ACPOL_1268
EDA: GWR55_04265
EDG: H7846_10370
ADIN: H7849_03115
ORP: MOP44_14980
SUS: Acid_1261
PFER: IRI77_14390
CTM: Cabther_B0616
CVL: J8C06_12430
CHLO: J8C02_11690
MCOS: GM418_08950
NDE: NIDE0700
NMV: NITMOv2_0575(dfrA)
NIO: NITINOP_0338(dfrA)
NJA: NSJP_1681(dfrA)
NKF: Nkreftii_003436
NIF: W02_29230(dfrA)
LFC: LFE_1759
LFI: LFML04_0860
LFP: Y981_03790
LEG: ABH19_09310
NLI: G3M70_03330
BANA: BARAN1_1139(dfrA)
BIH: BIP78_1399
MOX: DAMO_0002(dfrA)
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:24241054]
  Authors
Heller W, Forkmann G, Britsch L, Grisebach H
  Title
Enzymatic reduction of (+)-dihydroflavonols to flavan-3,4-cis-diols with flower extracts from Matthiola incana and its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
  Journal
Planta 165:284-7 (1985)
DOI:10.1007/BF00395052
Reference
2  [PMID:16664326]
  Authors
Stafford HA, Lester HH.
  Title
Flavan-3-ol Biosynthesis : The Conversion of (+)-Dihydromyricetin to Its Flavan-3,4-Diol (Leucodelphinidin) and to (+)-Gallocatechin by Reductases Extracted from Tissue Cultures of Ginkgo biloba and Pseudotsuga menziesii.
  Journal
Plant Physiol 78:791-794 (1985)
DOI:10.1104/pp.78.4.791
Reference
3  [PMID:3293532]
  Authors
Fischer D, Stich K, Britsch L, Grisebach H
  Title
Purification and characterization of (+)dihydroflavonol (3-hydroxyflavanone) 4-reductase from flowers of Dahlia variabilis.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 264:40-7 (1988)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90567-X
Reference
4  [PMID:21701830]
  Authors
Li H, Qiu J, Chen F, Lv X, Fu C, Zhao D, Hua X, Zhao Q
  Title
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene in Saussurea medusa.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 39:2991-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-011-1061-2
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.219
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 1.1.1.219
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 1.1.1.219
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 1.1.1.219
CAS: 83682-99-9
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