Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome (MPPH) is rare overgrowth disorder. MCAP [DS:H02153] and MPPH show very similar symptoms; the main symptoms are progressive megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, capillary malformations, syndactyly, and connective tissue dysplasia in the former, and progressive megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, and polydactyly in the latter. Polydactyly in MPPH seems to be a variable feature presenting with varied severity in both upper and lower limbs. MCAP and MPPH have been shown to result from gain-of-function mutations in the mTOR-pathway.
Mirzaa G, Dodge NN, Glass I, Day C, Gripp K, Nicholson L, Straub V, Voit T, Dobyns WB
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Megalencephaly and perisylvian polymicrogyria with postaxial polydactyly and hydrocephalus: a rare brain malformation syndrome associated with mental retardation and seizures.
Negishi Y, Miya F, Hattori A, Johmura Y, Nakagawa M, Ando N, Hori I, Togawa T, Aoyama K, Ohashi K, Fukumura S, Mizuno S, Umemura A, Kishimoto Y, Okamoto N, Kato M, Tsunoda T, Yamasaki M, Kanemura Y, Kosaki K, Nakanishi M, Saitoh S
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A combination of genetic and biochemical analyses for the diagnosis of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-associated megalencephaly.
Mirzaa GM, Conway RL, Gripp KW, Lerman-Sagie T, Siegel DH, deVries LS, Lev D, Kramer N, Hopkins E, Graham JM Jr, Dobyns WB
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Megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and megalencephaly-polydactyly-polymicrogyria-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndromes: two closely related disorders of brain overgrowth and abnormal brain and body morphogenesis.
Mirzaa GM, Parry DA, Fry AE, Giamanco KA, Schwartzentruber J, Vanstone M, Logan CV, Roberts N, Johnson CA, Singh S, Kholmanskikh SS, Adams C, Hodge RD, Hevner RF, Bonthron DT, Braun KP, Faivre L, Riviere JB, St-Onge J, Gripp KW, Mancini GM, Pang K, Sweeney E, van Esch H, Verbeek N, Wieczorek D, Steinraths M, Majewski J, Boycott KM, Pilz DT, Ross ME, Dobyns WB, Sheridan EG
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De novo CCND2 mutations leading to stabilization of cyclin D2 cause megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome.
