KEGG   PATHWAY: pdul00195
Entry
pdul00195                   Pathway                                
Name
Photosynthesis - Prunus dulcis (almond)
Description
Photosynthesis in green plants and specialized bacteria is the process of utilizing light energy to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. It consists of the light dependent part (light reaction) and the light independent part (dark reaction, carbon fixation). The light reaction takes place in thylakoid, a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The light energy is used by photosystems I and II to generate proton motive force and reducing power (NADPH or NADH). The proton motive force is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP, essentially in the same way as the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The supplies of ATP and NAD(P)H are then used to fix carbon dioxide.
Class
Metabolism; Energy metabolism
Pathway map
pdul00195  Photosynthesis
pdul00195

Module
pdul_M00157  F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pdul00195]
pdul_M00161  Photosystem II [PATH:pdul00195]
pdul_M00163  Photosystem I [PATH:pdul00195]
Organism
Prunus dulcis (almond) [GN:pdul]
Gene
117612543  photosystem II protein D1 [KO:K02703] [EC:1.10.3.9]
117636468  photosystem II protein D1 [KO:K02703] [EC:1.10.3.9]
32882932  psbA; photosystem II protein D1 [KO:K02703] [EC:1.10.3.9]
32882946  psbB; photosystem II CP47 chlorophyll apoprotein [KO:K02704]
32882965  psbC; photosystem II CP43 chlorophyll apoprotein [KO:K02705]
117612868  photosystem II D2 protein [KO:K02706] [EC:1.10.3.9]
117613534  photosystem II D2 protein [KO:K02706] [EC:1.10.3.9]
32883052  psbD; photosystem II protein D2 [KO:K02706] [EC:1.10.3.9]
32883013  psbE; photosystem II cytochrome b559 alpha subunit [KO:K02707]
32883014  psbF; photosystem II cytochrome b559 beta subunit [KO:K02708]
32883011  psbH; photosystem II phosphoprotein [KO:K02709]
32883008  psbI; photosystem II protein I [KO:K02710]
32882971  psbJ; photosystem II protein J [KO:K02711]
32883042  psbK; photosystem II protein K [KO:K02712]
32883012  psbL; photosystem II protein L [KO:K02713]
32883023  psbM; photosystem II protein M [KO:K02714]
117634358  oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, chloroplastic [KO:K02716]
117619217  psbP-like protein 1, chloroplastic [KO:K02717]
117623124  oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2, chloroplastic [KO:K02717]
117635296  photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 3, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K08901]
117624401  photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 3, chloroplastic [KO:K08901]
117624610  oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3, chloroplastic-like [KO:K08901]
117624705  photosystem II 10 kDa polypeptide, chloroplastic [KO:K03541]
117636943  photosystem II 22 kDa protein, chloroplastic [KO:K03542]
32882948  psbT; photosystem II protein T [KO:K02718]
117636674  photosystem II reaction center W protein, chloroplastic [KO:K02721]
117612140  photosystem II core complex proteins psbY, chloroplastic [KO:K02723]
32883022  lhbA; LhbA [KO:K02724]
117620805  photosystem II repair protein PSB27-H1, chloroplastic [KO:K08902]
117637215  photosystem II reaction center PSB28 protein, chloroplastic [KO:K08903]
117638893  photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 [KO:K02689] [EC:1.97.1.12]
32882945  psaA; photosystem I P700 apoprotein A1 [KO:K02689] [EC:1.97.1.12]
117638894  photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 [KO:K02690] [EC:1.97.1.12]
32882996  psaB; photosystem I P700 apoprotein A2 [KO:K02690] [EC:1.97.1.12]
32882951  psaC; photosystem I subunit VII [KO:K02691] [EC:1.97.1.12]
117628527  photosystem I reaction center subunit II, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02692]
117612264  photosystem I reaction center subunit IV B, chloroplastic [KO:K02693]
117624408  photosystem I reaction center subunit III, chloroplastic [KO:K02694]
117632318  photosystem I reaction center subunit V, chloroplastic [KO:K08905]
117621377  photosystem I reaction center subunit VI, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02695]
32882955  psaI; photosystem I subunit VIII [KO:K02696]
32883051  psaJ; photosystem I subunit IX [KO:K02697]
117625118  photosystem I reaction center subunit psaK, chloroplastic [KO:K02698]
117629888  photosystem I reaction center subunit XI, chloroplastic [KO:K02699]
117624500  photosystem I reaction center subunit N, chloroplastic [KO:K02701]
117632302  photosystem I subunit O [KO:K14332]
32882976  petA; cytochrome f [KO:K02634]
32883005  petB; cytochrome b6 [KO:K02635]
117621606  cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplastic [KO:K02636] [EC:7.1.1.6]
32882959  petD; cytochrome b6/f complex subunit IV [KO:K02637]
32883021  petG; cytochrome b6/f complex subunit V [KO:K02640]
32883027  petN; cytochrome b6/f complex subunit VIII [KO:K03689]
117626216  plastocyanin [KO:K02638]
117616220  ferredoxin, root R-B2-like [KO:K02639]
117629656  ferredoxin, root R-B1 [KO:K02639]
117634697  ferredoxin C 1, chloroplastic [KO:K02639]
117627655  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ferredoxin C 2, chloroplastic [KO:K02639]
117627720  ferredoxin [KO:K02639]
117633651  ferredoxin--NADP reductase, leaf isozyme, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K02641] [EC:1.18.1.2]
117626468  ferredoxin--NADP reductase, root isozyme, chloroplastic [KO:K02641] [EC:1.18.1.2]
117625719  cytochrome c6, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K08906]
32883053  atpE; ATP synthase CF1 epsilon subunit [KO:K02114]
117630164  ATP synthase subunit beta, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02112] [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
117635817  ATP synthase subunit beta, chloroplastic [KO:K02112] [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
32882991  atpB; ATP synthase CF1 beta subunit [KO:K02112] [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
117623990  ATP synthase gamma chain, chloroplastic [KO:K02115]
117624774  ATP synthase gamma chain, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02115]
117628879  ATP synthase subunit alpha, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02111] [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
117613533  ATP synthase subunit alpha, chloroplastic [KO:K02111] [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
32883043  atpA; ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit [KO:K02111] [EC:7.1.2.2 7.2.2.1]
117618949  uncharacterized protein LOC117618949 [KO:K02113]
117636597  ATP synthase delta chain, chloroplastic [KO:K02113]
117614731  ATP synthase subunit b', chloroplastic [KO:K02109]
32882949  atpF; ATP synthase CF0 subunit I [KO:K02109]
32882960  atpH; ATP synthase CF0 subunit III [KO:K02110]
32883003  atpI; ATP synthase CF0 subunit IV [KO:K02108]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00002  ATP
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00034  Manganese
C00080  H+
C02061  Plastoquinone
C16693  Plastoquinol
Reference
PMID:14764885
  Authors
Ferreira KN, Iverson TM, Maghlaoui K, Barber J, Iwata S.
  Title
Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center.
  Journal
Science 303:1831-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1126/science.1093087
Reference
PMID:12518057
  Authors
Kamiya N, Shen JR.
  Title
Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus at 3.7-A resolution.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:98-103 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0135651100
Reference
PMID:11217865
  Authors
Zouni A, Witt HT, Kern J, Fromme P, Krauss N, Saenger W, Orth P.
  Title
Crystal structure of photosystem II from Synechococcus elongatus at 3.8 A resolution.
  Journal
Nature 409:739-743 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35055589
Reference
PMID:11418848
  Authors
Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt HT, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauss N.
  Title
Three-dimensional structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I at 2.5 A resolution.
  Journal
Nature 411:909-917 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35082000
Reference
PMID:11369223
  Authors
Jones MR, Fyfe PK.
  Title
Photosynthesis: new light on biological oxygen production.
  Journal
Curr Biol 17:R318-R321 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00174-9
Reference
PMID:11914373
  Authors
Shen G, Zhao J, Reimer SK, Antonkine ML, Cai Q, Weiland SM, Golbeck JH, Bryant DA.
  Title
Assembly of photosystem I. I. Inactivation of the rubA gene encoding a membrane-associated rubredoxin in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 causes a loss of photosystem I activity.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:20343-54 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M201103200
Related
pathway
pdul00196  Photosynthesis - antenna proteins
pdul00710  Carbon fixation by Calvin cycle
KO pathway
ko00195   
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