| Entry |
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| Name |
Zeatin biosynthesis |
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| Description |
Zeatin is a member of the cytokinin family, a class of phytohormones involved in various processes of growth and development in plants. Most abundant cytokinins are adenine-type, where the N6 position of adenine is substituted with an isoprenoid, such as in zeatin, or an aromatic side chain, such as in kinetin. Zeatin can be synthesized in two different pathways: the tRNA pathway and the AMP pathway. In the tRNA pathway zeatin is a recycled product of isopentenylated tRNAs. In the AMP pathway zeatin is synthesized from an isopentenyl donor, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), and AMP, ADP, or ATP by isopentenyltransferases. After synthesis cytokinins can be glucosylated.
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| Class |
Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
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| Pathway map |
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| Other DBs |
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| Reaction |
| R01122 | delta2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:tRNA isopentenyltransferase |
| R02118 | UDPglucose:zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase |
| R02119 | UDP-D-xylose:zeatin O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase |
| R03133 | O-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding N6-substituted adenine) |
| R03726 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)-adenine 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-transferase |
| R04038 | 2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:AMP delta2-isopentenyltransferase |
| R05702 | dihydrozeatin:NADP oxidoreductase |
| R05708 | N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase |
| R07260 | UDP-glucose:cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase |
| R08051 | 2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ATP delta2-isopentenyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:ATP dimethylallyltransferase |
| R08052 | 2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ADP delta2-isopentenyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:ADP dimethylallyltransferase |
| R08053 | isopentenyladenosine-5'-triphosphate,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (trans-zeatin-riboside-triphosphate-forming) |
| R08054 | isopentenyladenosine-5'-diphosphate,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (trans-zeatin-riboside-diphosphate-forming) |
| R08055 | isopentenyladenosine-5'-monophosphate,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (trans-zeatin-riboside-monophosphate-forming) |
| R08066 | isopentenyladenosine,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (trans-zeatin-riboside-forming) |
| R08068 | isopentenyladenine,NADPH---hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (trans-zeatin-forming) |
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| Compound |
| C00019 | S-Adenosyl-L-methionine |
| C00235 | Dimethylallyl diphosphate |
| C03423 | O-beta-D-Glucosylzeatin |
| C04083 | N6-(Delta2-Isopentenyl)-adenine |
| C04432 | tRNA containing 6-isopentenyladenosine |
| C04713 | N6-(delta2-Isopentenyl)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate |
| C15546 | O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-cis-zeatin |
| C16424 | Isopentenyladenosine-5'-triphosphate |
| C16426 | Isopentenyladenosine-5'-diphosphate |
| C16428 | trans-Zeatin riboside triphosphate |
| C16429 | trans-Zeatin riboside diphosphate |
| C16430 | trans-Zeatin riboside monophosphate |
| C16441 | cis-Zeatin riboside monophosphate |
| C16443 | trans-Zeatin-7-beta-D-glucoside |
| C16445 | Dihydrozeatin riboside monophosphate |
| C16448 | Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Kasahara H, Takei K, Ueda N, Hishiyama S, Yamaya T, Kamiya Y, Yamaguchi S, Sakakibara H. |
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| Title |
Distinct isoprenoid origins of cis- and trans-zeatin biosyntheses in Arabidopsis. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Takei K, Sakakibara H, Sugiyama T. |
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| Title |
Identification of genes encoding adenylate isopentenyltransferase, a cytokinin biosynthesis enzyme, in Arabidopsis thaliana. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Kakimoto T. |
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| Title |
Identification of plant cytokinin biosynthetic enzymes as dimethylallyl diphosphate:ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Takei K, Yamaya T, Sakakibara H. |
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| Title |
Arabidopsis CYP735A1 and CYP735A2 encode cytokinin hydroxylases that catalyze the biosynthesis of trans-Zeatin. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Hou B, Lim EK, Higgins GS, Bowles DJ. |
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| Title |
N-glucosylation of cytokinins by glycosyltransferases of Arabidopsis thaliana. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Martin RC, Mok MC, Mok DW |
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| Title |
Isolation of a cytokinin gene, ZOG1, encoding zeatin O-glucosyltransferase from Phaseolus lunatus. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Martin RC, Mok MC, Mok DW |
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| Title |
A gene encoding the cytokinin enzyme zeatin O-xylosyltransferase of Phaseolus vulgaris. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Veach YK, Martin RC, Mok DW, Malbeck J, Vankova R, Mok MC |
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| Title |
O-glucosylation of cis-zeatin in maize. Characterization of genes, enzymes, and endogenous cytokinins. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R, Van Onckelen H, Schmulling T |
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| Title |
Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. |
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| Journal |
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| Reference |
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| Authors |
Miyawaki K, Tarkowski P, Matsumoto-Kitano M, Kato T, Sato S, Tarkowska D, Tabata S, Sandberg G, Kakimoto T |
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| Title |
Roles of Arabidopsis ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases and tRNA isopentenyltransferases in cytokinin biosynthesis. |
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| Journal |
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Related
pathway |
| rn00900 | Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis |
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| KO pathway |
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