Entry Name Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map amex04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Ortholog table Organism Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra) [GN:
amex ]
Gene 103045036 pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103041606 pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103022173 pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
111190801 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649 ]
103035767 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649 ]
103029972 pik3r3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
103046618 pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
103044166 myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729 ]
111190370 tirap; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403 ]
103038577 tab1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
103032786 tab2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404 ]
111191499 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6-like [KO:K04433 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
103023640 traf3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174 ]
111194086 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
111194953 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta-like [KO:K11220 ]
103028874 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
103031000 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-like [KO:K11220 ]
103021407 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K11221 ]
Reference Authors Kawai T, Akira S.
Title TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
Title The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Honda K, Taniguchi T.
Title IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Journal Reference Authors Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
Title Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
Title TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
Title The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
Journal Reference Authors Aderem A, Smith KD.
Title A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
Title Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
Title Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
Journal Reference Authors Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
Title Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
Journal Related amex04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
