KEGG   PATHWAY: bbub05164
Entry
bbub05164                   Pathway                                
Name
Influenza A - Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)
Description
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
bbub05164  Influenza A
bbub05164

Organism
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) [GN:bbub]
Gene
102415161  tryptase-2 [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
112581768  tryptase-2 [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
102410794  PLG; plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
102403534  cationic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
102400939  anionic trypsin isoform X2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
102403209  cationic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
102409077  TMPRSS2; transmembrane protease serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
102393211  TMPRSS4; transmembrane protease serine 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09635] [EC:3.4.21.-]
102391987  TMPRSS11D; transmembrane protease serine 11D isoform X1 [KO:K09641] [EC:3.4.21.-]
102407189  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102407094  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102408391  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2 isoform X5 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
102416386  RNASEL; 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease [KO:K01165]
102397667  DNAJB1; DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 [KO:K09507]
102393044  DNAJC3; DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09523]
102391649  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102411180  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102403751  TRIM25; E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 [KO:K10652] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102390873  DDX58; antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102410252  IFIH1; interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
102407635  NLRX1; NLR family member X1 isoform X3 [KO:K12653]
102409463  MAVS; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X5 [KO:K12648]
102399613  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102398886  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102394706  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X6 [KO:K07210]
102407178  NFKBIB; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
102412626  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
102403930  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K02580]
102397938  RELA; transcription factor P65 [KO:K04735]
102397595  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
102394367  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05401]
102402850  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
102402262  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03174]
102403644  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102398659  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X4 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102396674  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
102403750  CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102394197  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X4 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102407022  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
102409386  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K05404]
123465262  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
102402933  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102413678  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04383]
102396262  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04519]
102415101  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
102406980  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05406]
102409559  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05425]
102392112  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
102412933  CXCL8; interleukin-8 precursor [KO:K10030]
102408963  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
102392310  CCL5; C-C motif chemokine 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12499]
102415013  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
102412516  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06490]
102393818  interferon alpha-H-like [KO:K05414]
102393701  interferon alpha-F [KO:K05414]
112583867  interferon alpha-H-like [KO:K05414]
102416204  interferon alpha-H [KO:K05414]
102402789  interferon alpha-H-like [KO:K05414]
112583876  interferon alpha-H-like [KO:K05414]
112583880  interferon alpha-B [KO:K05414]
102415114  interferon alpha-B-like [KO:K05414]
102414434  interferon alpha-H [KO:K05414]
112583541  interferon alpha-H [KO:K05414]
112577736  interferon alpha-H-like [KO:K05414]
112583544  interferon alpha-H [KO:K05414]
112583546  interferon alpha-H [KO:K05414]
112583548  interferon alpha-H-like [KO:K05414]
112583545  interferon alpha-B-like [KO:K05414]
112583883  interferon beta-3 [KO:K05415]
112583884  interferon beta-3 [KO:K05415]
112583885  interferon beta-3-like [KO:K05415]
112583886  interferon beta-3 [KO:K05415]
102402056  interferon beta-2 [KO:K05415]
102408434  interferon beta-3 [KO:K05415]
102402367  interferon beta-3-like [KO:K05415]
102402697  interferon beta-2 [KO:K05415]
123332785  interferon beta-3-like [KO:K05415]
123465588  interferon beta-3-like [KO:K05415]
123465589  interferon beta-3-like [KO:K05415]
102394317  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
102394946  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
102405285  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102402213  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102397559  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
102415500  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X2 [KO:K11220]
102414314  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X2 [KO:K11221]
102395411  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
102399772  MX1; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
102399001  MX2; interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
102413801  ADAR; double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
102394614  PML; protein PML [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
102416494  IFNG; interferon gamma precursor [KO:K04687]
102410135  IFNGR1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
102393764  IFNGR2; interferon gamma receptor 2 [KO:K05133]
102412645  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X1 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102403157  CIITA; MHC class II transactivator isoform X2 [KO:K08060] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102389605  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102408905  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain [KO:K06752]
102409438  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102409778  boLa class II histocompatibility antigen, DQB*0101 beta chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]
102389065  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752]
102389936  rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
102390270  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
102392808  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
102393133  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]
102394631  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
102407601  mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
112578753  H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain [KO:K06752]
102408947  NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K12800]
102397143  apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [KO:K12799]
102395839  CASP1; caspase-1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
102401432  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
102403858  IL33; interleukin-33 [KO:K12967]
102415109  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102404517  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102395384  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102404165  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102400519  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102404610  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102397969  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102398761  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102391021  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X4 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102412107  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
102412787  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102407325  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X2 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102404535  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
102408756  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
102398200  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
102416185  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
102397985  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
102412929  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102399521  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
102400076  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102403948  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
102409656  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
102405012  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
102413768  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
102400898  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
102415498  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
102413761  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
102391189  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112581627  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
102396152  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K02084]
102412012  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102415768  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
123332987  CPSF4L; putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein [KO:K14404]
102400909  PABPN1; polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14396]
102405316  PABPN1L; embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K14396]
102409418  nuclear RNA export factor 3 [KO:K14284]
102402428  nuclear RNA export factor 2 [KO:K14284]
102415180  nuclear RNA export factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K14284]
102400924  nuclear RNA export factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K14284]
102400599  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 3-like [KO:K14284]
112577766  nuclear RNA export factor 3 [KO:K14284]
102414369  NXF1; nuclear RNA export factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14284]
102407454  NXT1; NTF2-related export protein 1 [KO:K14285]
102402331  NXT2; NTF2-related export protein 2 [KO:K14285]
102414984  HNRNPUL1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15047]
123464891  RAE1; mRNA export factor [KO:K14298]
102401334  NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X3 [KO:K14297]
102405482  RSAD2; radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K15045]
102391217  FDPS; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
102415611  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X4 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102412922  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102396842  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102401744  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102396206  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102403296  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102393959  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
102413719  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05692]
102394208  RAB11A; ras-related protein Rab-11A [KO:K07904]
102398534  RAB11B; ras-related protein Rab-11B isoform X2 [KO:K07905]
102408122  XPO1; exportin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14290]
102405388  KPNA1; importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
102390823  KPNA2; importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
102400683  KPNA7; importin subunit alpha-8 isoform X2 [KO:K15043]
102408131  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K15043]
102412383  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: importin subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K15043]
102401924  KPNA6; importin subunit alpha-7 isoform X2 [KO:K15042]
102413745  KPNA5; importin subunit alpha-6 [KO:K15042]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00080  H+
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24225499
  Authors
Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
  Title
Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 95:263-77 (2014)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
Reference
PMID:19565019
  Authors
Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
  Title
Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
  Journal
J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference
PMID:27751627
  Authors
Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
  Title
A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 24:933-943 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:18588994
  Authors
Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
  Title
Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2671-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.05.019
Reference
PMID:23977434
  Authors
Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
  Title
Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
  Journal
J Thorac Dis 5 Suppl 2:S132-41 (2013)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42
Reference
PMID:20020828
  Authors
Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
  Title
Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
  Journal
Future Microbiol 5:23-41 (2010)
DOI:10.2217/fmb.09.108
Reference
PMID:21698289
  Authors
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
  Title
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e20215 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020215
Reference
PMID:19782761
  Authors
Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
  Title
Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 12:81-7 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.007
Reference
PMID:23170167
  Authors
van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
  Title
Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
  Journal
Viruses 4:1438-76 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/v4091438
Reference
PMID:30487536
  Authors
Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
  Title
Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 17:67-81 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z
Reference
PMID:29556226
  Authors
Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
  Title
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:320 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
Reference
PMID:20130137
  Authors
Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
  Title
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:1439-49 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.018465-0
Reference
PMID:18980544
  Authors
Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
  Title
Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
  Journal
Expert Rev Vaccines 7:1435-45 (2008)
DOI:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1435
Reference
PMID:27231932
  Authors
Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
  Title
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E152 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8060152
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:21971186
  Authors
Varga ZT, Palese P
  Title
The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
  Journal
Virulence 2:542-6 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/viru.2.6.17812
Reference
PMID:30254192
  Authors
Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
  Title
The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
  Journal
Cell Death Dis 9:1002 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6
Reference
PMID:30545063
  Authors
Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
  Title
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 10:E708 (2018)
DOI:10.3390/v10120708
Reference
PMID:21253874
  Authors
Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
  Title
Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
  Journal
Sci China Life Sci 54:68-74 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s11427-010-4116-z
Reference
PMID:26008706
  Authors
Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
  Title
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 7:2668-82 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/v7052668
Reference
PMID:30079062
  Authors
Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
  Title
Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:1581 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581
Reference
PMID:23236273
  Authors
Paterson D, Fodor E
  Title
Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 8:e1003019 (2012)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Related
pathway
bbub00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
bbub03013  Nucleocytoplasmic transport
bbub03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
bbub04010  MAPK signaling pathway
bbub04110  Cell cycle
bbub04144  Endocytosis
bbub04210  Apoptosis
bbub04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
bbub04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
bbub04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
bbub04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
bbub05416  Viral myocarditis
KO pathway
ko05164   
LinkDB

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