KEGG   PATHWAY: btax04022
Entry
btax04022                   Pathway                                
Name
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway - Budorcas taxicolor (takin)
Description
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), regulating a broad array of physiologic processes. The elevated intracellular cGMP level exerts its physiological action through two forms of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDE2, PDE3) and cGMP-gated cation channels, among which PKGs might be the primary mediator. PKG1 isoform-specific activation of established substrates leads to reduction of cytosolic calcium concentration and/or decrease in the sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca2+ (Ca2+-desensitization), resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. In cardiac myocyte, PKG directly phosphorylates a member of the transient potential receptor canonical channel family, TRPC6, suppressing this nonselective ion channel's Ca2+ conductance, G-alpha-q agonist-induced NFAT activation, and myocyte hypertrophic responses. PKG also opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels and subsequent release of ROS triggers cardioprotection.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
btax04022  cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
btax04022

Other DBs
GO: 0070305
Organism
Budorcas taxicolor (takin) [GN:btax]
Gene
128048751  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
128062357  EDNRA; endothelin-1 receptor [KO:K04197]
128057720  EDNRB; endothelin receptor type B [KO:K04198]
128052693  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
128051297  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
128058642  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
128067995  ADRA2A; alpha-2A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04138]
128055786  ADRA2B; alpha-2B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04139]
128049843  ADRA2C; alpha-2C adrenergic receptor [KO:K04140]
128052307  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
128050674  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
128064366  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
128064617  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
128060428  TRPC6; short transient receptor potential channel 6 [KO:K04969]
128052144  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128047312  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128049447  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128052606  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
128055318  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
128066362  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
128050528  MEF2B; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B [KO:K09261]
128051474  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454]
128044558  MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262]
128067290  NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446]
128058335  NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332]
128064208  NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333]
128054080  NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334]
128055386  SRF; serum response factor [KO:K04378]
128052750  GATA4; transcription factor GATA-4 [KO:K09183]
128054194  myosin-7 [KO:K17751]
128054195  myosin-6 [KO:K17751]
128061258  NPPB; natriuretic peptides B [KO:K12335]
128061259  NPPA; natriuretic peptides A [KO:K12334]
128044424  NPR1; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 [KO:K12323] [EC:4.6.1.2]
128043783  NPPC; C-type natriuretic peptide [KO:K12336]
128052824  NPR2; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
128068042  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
128049712  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
128048945  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
128052044  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
128070004  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
128061188  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
128047934  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936]
128068361  KCNU1; potassium channel subfamily U member 1 [KO:K05274]
128065995  KCNMB1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04937]
128055923  KCNMB2; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938]
128068781  KCNMB3; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 [KO:K04939]
128048383  KCNMB4; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04941]
128063396  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
128053855  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
128055912  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 [KO:K05849]
128044333  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
128044334  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
128063966  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
128044903  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
128069887  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
128065125  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
128047663  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
128061193  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
128056529  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128069702  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128048310  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128061581  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128061892  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4-like [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128061427  RGS2; regulator of G-protein signaling 2 [KO:K18154]
128061740  GTF2I; general transcription factor II-I [KO:K03121]
128058011  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
128058303  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
128054050  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
128068545  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
128046429  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
128048527  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
128056281  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
128060476  IRAG1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 [KO:K12337]
128043941  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128065652  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128062068  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
128044567  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
128067328  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128055373  ROCK2; rho-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K17388] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128047405  PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A [KO:K06270]
128055125  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128062181  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128068503  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128056684  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
128063810  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
128058230  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
128053757  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
128054267  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
128061269  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
128056971  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
128045701  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
128058891  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
128062797  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
128058295  MYL9; myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 [KO:K12755]
128049935  CNGA1; cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 [KO:K04948]
128063465  CNGB1; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 [KO:K04952]
128046764  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128066123  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128056879  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128053854  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128067499  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128047362  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128063240  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128059256  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128043555  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
128060064  PDE2A; cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase isoform X1 [KO:K18283] [EC:3.1.4.17]
128047997  PDE3A; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3A [KO:K19021] [EC:3.1.4.17]
128060218  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
128049590  PDE5A; cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase [KO:K13762] [EC:3.1.4.35]
128060648  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
128062409  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
128057740  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
128062227  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
128054455  KNG1; kininogen-1 [KO:K03898]
128066728  B2 bradykinin receptor-like isoform X1 [KO:K03916]
128070936  OPRD1; delta-type opioid receptor [KO:K04213]
128061784  ADORA1; adenosine receptor A1 [KO:K04265]
128044413  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
128057155  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
128046449  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
128069208  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
128050313  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
128069000  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
128057660  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
128043668  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
128070573  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
128046735  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
128065234  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290]
128065366  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
128063870  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128067048  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128061491  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128046225  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial isoform X1 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
128067997  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
128050904  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
128068312  ADRB3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
128055243  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
128047993  KCNJ8; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 [KO:K05001]
128050636  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862]
128058634  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
128059118  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040]
128047278  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
128068182  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
128069760  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
128070620  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
128068228  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
128062431  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
128047614  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
128071103  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
128061475  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
128065610  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
128047885  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
128048350  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
128044759  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
128051508  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
128052214  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
128046532  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
128060385  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
128046584  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
128056429  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049]
128068977  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
128063285  VASP; vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein isoform X1 [KO:K06274]
128043403  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128054045  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
128050664  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
128043958  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
128062160  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00144  GMP
C00212  Adenosine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:20716671
  Authors
Francis SH, Busch JL, Corbin JD, Sibley D
  Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cGMP phosphodiesterases in nitric oxide and cGMP action.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 62:525-63 (2010)
DOI:10.1124/pr.110.002907
Reference
PMID:16439998
  Authors
Feil R, Kemp-Harper B
  Title
cGMP signalling: from bench to bedside. Conference on cGMP generators, effectors and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 7:149-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7400627
Reference
PMID:22785374
  Authors
Takimoto E
  Title
Cyclic GMP-dependent signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Circ J 76:1819-25 (2012)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0664
Reference
PMID:16371594
  Authors
Hofmann F, Feil R, Kleppisch T, Schlossmann J
  Title
Function of cGMP-dependent protein kinases as revealed by gene deletion.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 86:1-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00015.2005
Reference
PMID:21685243
  Authors
Kuebler WM
  Title
The Janus-faced regulation of endothelial permeability by cyclic GMP.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301:L157-60 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00192.2011
Reference
PMID:21666108
  Authors
Schlossmann J, Desch M
  Title
IRAG and novel PKG targeting in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H672-82 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00198.2011
Reference
PMID:16460276
  Authors
Murthy KS
  Title
Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 68:345-74 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094707
Reference
PMID:22965426
  Authors
Sanders KM, Koh SD, Ro S, Ward SM
  Title
Regulation of gastrointestinal motility--insights from smooth muscle biology.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:633-45 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.168
Reference
PMID:20024580
  Authors
Gao Y
  Title
The multiple actions of NO.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 459:829-39 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-009-0773-9
Reference
PMID:9003029
  Authors
Wang X, Robinson PJ
  Title
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cellular signaling in the nervous system.
  Journal
J Neurochem 68:443-56 (1997)
DOI:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020443.x
Reference
PMID:19306895
  Authors
Tsai EJ, Kass DA
  Title
Cyclic GMP signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutics.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 122:216-38 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.009
Reference
PMID:20388537
  Authors
Villanueva C, Giulivi C
  Title
Subcellular and cellular locations of nitric oxide synthase isoforms as determinants of health and disease.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 49:307-16 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.004
Reference
PMID:15894227
  Authors
Schlossmann J, Hofmann F
  Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinases in drug discovery.
  Journal
Drug Discov Today 10:627-34 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03406-9
Reference
PMID:18040025
  Authors
Kass DA, Champion HC, Beavo JA
  Title
Phosphodiesterase type 5: expanding roles in cardiovascular regulation.
  Journal
Circ Res 101:1084-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.162511
Reference
PMID:16815627
  Authors
Uckert S, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Truss MC, Jonas U, Stief CG
  Title
Update on phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes as pharmacologic targets in urology: present and future.
  Journal
Eur Urol 50:1194-207; discussion 1207 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.05.025
Reference
PMID:12524221
  Authors
Yan C, Kim D, Aizawa T, Berk BC
  Title
Functional interplay between angiotensin II and nitric oxide: cyclic GMP as a key mediator.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:26-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000046231.17365.9D
Reference
PMID:17643091
  Authors
McKinsey TA, Kass DA
  Title
Small-molecule therapies for cardiac hypertrophy: moving beneath the cell surface.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 6:617-35 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2193
Reference
PMID:19961855
  Authors
Koitabashi N, Aiba T, Hesketh GG, Rowell J, Zhang M, Takimoto E, Tomaselli GF, Kass DA
  Title
Cyclic GMP/PKG-dependent inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity and expression negatively regulates cardiomyocyte NFAT activation Novel mechanism of cardiac stress modulation by PDE5 inhibition.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 48:713-24 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.11.015
Reference
PMID:18006449
  Authors
Costa AD, Pierre SV, Cohen MV, Downey JM, Garlid KD
  Title
cGMP signalling in pre- and post-conditioning: the role of mitochondria.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 77:344-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvm050
Reference
PMID:19176601
  Authors
Boengler K, Schulz R, Heusch G
  Title
Loss of cardioprotection with ageing.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 83:247-61 (2009)
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvp033
Reference
PMID:18757523
  Authors
Gao Y, Portugal AD, Liu J, Negash S, Zhou W, Tian J, Xiang R, Longo LD, Raj JU
  Title
Preservation of cGMP-induced relaxation of pulmonary veins of fetal lambs exposed to chronic high altitude hypoxia: role of PKG and Rho kinase.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295:L889-96 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00463.2007
Reference
PMID:11522789
  Authors
Li Z, Xi X, Du X
  Title
A mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway in the activation of platelet integrin alpha IIbbeta3.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:42226-32 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M106129200
Reference
PMID:23212367
  Authors
Xie J, Cha SK, An SW, Kuro-O M, Birnbaumer L, Huang CL
  Title
Cardioprotection by Klotho through downregulation of TRPC6 channels in the mouse heart.
  Journal
Nat Commun 3:1238 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms2240
Related
pathway
btax04010  MAPK signaling pathway
btax04020  Calcium signaling pathway
btax04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
btax04210  Apoptosis
btax04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
btax04744  Phototransduction
KO pathway
ko04022   
LinkDB

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