KEGG   PATHWAY: ccad04210
Entry
ccad04210                   Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Cervus canadensis (wapiti)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
ccad04210  Apoptosis
ccad04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Cervus canadensis (wapiti) [GN:ccad]
Gene
122444929  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
122432089  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
122432087  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
122452409  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
122446181  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
122431085  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
122430072  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
122423229  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
122421734  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
122426204  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
122426570  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
122422049  CASP6; caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
122432443  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
122446263  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
122423034  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
122421035  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
122430151  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
122424014  DIABLO; diablo homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K10522]
122450607  septin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
122441473  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
122438479  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
122440592  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
122432475  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
122434040  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
122435448  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
122443337  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
122453615  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
122444772  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
122454513  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
122436938  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
122423286  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
122452241  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
122446598  PRF1; perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
122455194  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122455089  mast cell protease 1A-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122455090  mast cell protease 1A-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122455234  mast cell protease 1A-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122419671  mast cell protease 1A-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122419670  mast cell protease 1A-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122455266  duodenase-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122455092  mast cell protease 3-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
122448202  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
122422249  tubulin alpha-1B chain-like [KO:K07374]
122423885  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
122455068  tubulin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
122455101  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
122426664  tubulin alpha-1D chain [KO:K07374]
122426544  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
122427610  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
122427612  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
122427613  tubulin alpha-1C chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
122427692  tubulin alpha-1B chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
122434328  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
122438358  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
122432952  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
122442224  SPTAN1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
122432097  LMNA; lamin [KO:K12641]
122440108  LMNB1; lamin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
122440178  LMNB2; lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
122452045  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
122443738  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
122447299  PARP4; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
122424697  PARP3; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
122424372  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3-like [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
122443322  PARP2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
122451831  DFFA; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
122451825  DFFB; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
122442234  ENDOG; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
122436016  AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
122439524  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
122442423  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
122424343  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
122423671  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
122430147  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
122430944  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
122435630  calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
122452395  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
122449999  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inactive caspase-12-like [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
122441770  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122440684  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1-like [KO:K03237]
122443773  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
122423084  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
122444829  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
122427416  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
122452915  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
122431180  CTSC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
122430930  CTSD; cathepsin D isoform X1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
122431174  CTSF; cathepsin F isoform X1 [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
122454810  CTSH; pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
122434369  CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
122431848  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
122431933  CTSV; cathepsin L2 isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
122453623  CTSO; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
122434353  CTSS; cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
122431142  CTSW; cathepsin W [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
122448259  CTSZ; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
122449723  BIRC2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]
122449787  BIRC3; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 [KO:K16060]
122434599  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
122437556  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
122441336  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
122448845  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
122449331  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
122441342  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
122425862  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
122429095  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
122429455  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122442108  disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
122433913  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
122440572  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122428339  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122446321  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122430652  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
122436906  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
122443873  FOS; proto-oncogene C-Fos [KO:K04379]
122445826  TP53; cellular tumor antigen P53 [KO:K04451]
122440265  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
122446045  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
122432633  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
122434540  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
122455294  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
122422050  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
122430633  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
122428337  PTPN13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
122440181  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
122432031  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
122436847  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
122431882  TRAF1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03172]
122419711  BCL2A1; bcl-2-related protein A1 [KO:K02162]
122450584  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122430907  PIDD1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
122421529  BBC3; bcl-2-binding component 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10132]
122425792  PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131]
122438770  CASP2; caspase-2 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
122435827  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K02582]
122431869  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
122439278  interleukin-3-like [KO:K04736]
122434356  IL3RA; interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04737]
122423625  CSF2RB; cytokine receptor common subunit beta [KO:K04738]
122451688  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122445271  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122444906  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122440740  PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
122454626  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
122437038  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
122432732  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122420500  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122452448  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122455107  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122430591  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
122423876  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
122446047  GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
122435924  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
122425059  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122443062  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
122440231  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
122440910  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
122446062  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
122447261  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122433033  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122455309  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Related
pathway
ccad04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ccad04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ccad04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
ccad04115  p53 signaling pathway
ccad04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ccad04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
ccad04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
ccad04668  TNF signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04210   
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