KEGG   PATHWAY: ccan04371
Entry
ccan04371                   Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Castor canadensis (American beaver)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
ccan04371  Apelin signaling pathway
ccan04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Castor canadensis (American beaver) [GN:ccan]
Gene
109694874  Adcy1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109695818  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109685686  Adcy3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109685852  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109701078  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109686365  Adcy6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109698373  Adcy7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109678665  Adcy8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109681681  adenylate cyclase type 9-like [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109681696  adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109696039  Adcy10; adenylate cyclase type 10 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109688706  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109681298  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109688701  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109691865  Lipe; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
109698615  Apela; apelin receptor early endogenous ligand [KO:K25355]
109693750  Aplnr; apelin receptor [KO:K04174]
109688838  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
109693226  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
109702253  Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
109691437  Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
109685390  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
109682772  Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
109689667  Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
109685278  Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
109696455  Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
109692616  Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
109698900  Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
109691033  Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
109691095  Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
109692883  Gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
109686227  Gng11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
109681247  uncharacterized LOC105372280 homolog [KO:K04347]
109698314  Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
109694446  Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
109686226  Gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
109691395  Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
109699997  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634]
109700025  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
109699980  uncharacterized protein LOC109699980 isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
109683285  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109684223  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109701244  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109699340  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
109674831  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
109687056  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2-like [KO:K04959]
109686691  Itpr3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
109695821  Ryr1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
109682314  Ryr2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
109689421  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
109674958  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 1-like [KO:K02183]
109674302  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
109691449  Calml6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
109696281  Calm2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109688234  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
109699140  Calm1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109700840  Calml5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
109700844  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
109691756  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
109691221  Calm3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109700908  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109680203  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
109686387  Nos1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
109693015  Nos2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
109694442  Nos3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial isoform X1 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
109689908  protein kinase C epsilon type-like [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109698756  Slc9a1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
109684870  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
109684869  Slc8a1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 [KO:K05849]
109696537  Slc8a2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
109700068  sodium/calcium exchanger 3 [KO:K05849]
109677703  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin light chain kinase family member 4-like [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
109691764  Mylk2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
109700226  Mylk4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
109685543  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform-like [KO:K10351]
109701071  Myl3; myosin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12749]
109696586  Myl4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
109698042  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
109687060  Kras; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
109696062  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
109683851  Rras; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07829]
109695442  Rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
109693559  Mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
109694940  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109687824  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109687808  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109683259  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109684381  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109688624  Rps6kb2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109685124  Rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109698298  Rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
109687395  Pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109700829  Pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
109697132  Pik3r6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
109688536  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109691810  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109686235  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109689656  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109681362  Egr1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
109679386  Spp1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]
109675046  Jag1; protein jagged-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06052]
109681384  Notch3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
109696351  Ccnd1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
109695445  Pde3b; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
109701401  Pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
109678218  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109687340  Becn1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
109693432  Becn2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
109696466  Map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
109685898  Map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
109695664  Prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
109687258  Prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
109696888  Prkab2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
109696161  Prkab1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
109680387  Prkag3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
109685265  Prkag2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
109694818  Prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
109701538  Plin1; perilipin-1 [KO:K08768]
109684858  Ppargc1a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [KO:K07202]
109691475  Ucp1; mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 [KO:K08769]
109684011  Nrf1; nuclear respiratory factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11831]
109688829  Tfam; transcription factor A, mitochondrial [KO:K11830]
109688830  transcription factor A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K11830]
109689062  Klf2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
109685588  Sphk1; sphingosine kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
109682695  Sphk2; sphingosine kinase 2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
109696711  Gna13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
109696025  Camk4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109682405  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone deacetylase 4-like [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
109689544  histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
109685078  Mef2a; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
109697628  Mef2b; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B [KO:K09261]
109695254  Mef2c; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454]
109685085  Mef2d; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D [KO:K09262]
109691424  Tgfbr1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
109700302  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2-like [KO:K04500]
109701514  Smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
109687032  Smad4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
109691143  Acta2; actin, aortic smooth muscle [KO:K12313]
109693763  Cdh1; cadherin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05689]
109684563  Ctgf; connective tissue growth factor [KO:K06827]
109682820  Agtr1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
109692813  Serpine1; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [KO:K03982]
109683543  Plat; tissue-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
  Journal
Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
  Journal
Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
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