KEGG   PATHWAY: cjc04725
Entry
cjc04725                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Callithrix jacchus (white-tufted-ear marmoset)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
cjc04725  Cholinergic synapse
cjc04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Callithrix jacchus (white-tufted-ear marmoset) [GN:cjc]
Gene
100391258  CHAT; choline O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
100392257  ACHE; acetylcholinesterase isoform X2 [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
100385857  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
100401418  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
100408980  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
100404308  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
100403006  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04634]
100386734  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04635]
100400803  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100386921  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100409716  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100410075  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100385763  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
118144170  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
100390843  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
100391814  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100410136  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100404028  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100386215  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
100406083  KCNQ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04927]
100405933  KCNQ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04928]
100397890  KCNQ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04929]
100411503  KCNQ5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X3 [KO:K04930]
100398119  KCNJ2; inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K04996]
100398243  KCNJ12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 [KO:K05005]
100407745  KCNJ4; inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04998]
100386743  KCNJ14; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007]
100411083  CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 isoform X2 [KO:K04130]
100385016  CHRM4; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 [KO:K04132]
100404474  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
100405745  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
100388113  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
100389396  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
100412968  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04536]
100395033  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
100407336  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
100395633  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538]
100415506  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04539]
100391372  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
100397915  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
100411028  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
103787193  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
108590740  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
108593490  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
118150544  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
128930422  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
100411155  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
108589488  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
100385281  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
108588980  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
100412160  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
100396640  GNG14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
100394978  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
108594009  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
100412503  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
100394732  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
100410336  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04997]
100389403  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
100394268  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100400385  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
100402223  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X4 [KO:K21290]
100406017  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
118144179  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
100414782  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
108591807  GTPase NRas-like [KO:K07828]
100387394  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100400700  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100404815  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100390054  FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
100385253  CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04809]
100405714  CHRNA4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04806]
100386017  CHRNB2; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K04813]
100390104  CHRNA3; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04805]
100399236  CHRNA6; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04808]
100394265  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100385658  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100415165  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100415141  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100412782  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100406617  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100404620  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100404484  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100405403  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X2 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100392123  PRKACG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100408115  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100407692  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100400737  PRKACA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100409206  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
118151333  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100407681  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
100392193  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100394351  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
100408954  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
100406635  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
100411140  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
100409637  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
100392579  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X6 [KO:K09047]
100397956  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X9 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100405903  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100391424  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100390938  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100410352  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100388410  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV isoform X1 [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100413251  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100391434  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100403494  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100391655  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100398849  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100406689  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100392639  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100414659  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100404447  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100399039  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X6 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100388080  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100408947  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100390599  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
100390442  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
100406735  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X36 [KO:K04850]
100397940  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X11 [KO:K04851]
100386041  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
100390112  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
100409782  SLC5A7; high affinity choline transporter 1 [KO:K14387]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
cjc00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
cjc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cjc04020  Calcium signaling pathway
cjc04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
cjc04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   
LinkDB

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