KEGG   PATHWAY: nvs04725
Entry
nvs04725                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Neogale vison (American mink)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
nvs04725  Cholinergic synapse
nvs04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Neogale vison (American mink) [GN:nvs]
Gene
122898953  CHAT; choline O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
122895684  ACHE; acetylcholinesterase isoform X1 [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
122898951  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
122913029  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
122900636  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 isoform X1 [KO:K04131]
122893445  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
122917675  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
122909893  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
122913059  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122916255  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122916256  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122909251  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
122891087  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
122910530  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
122906063  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
122895627  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
122911685  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
122913252  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
122915897  KCNQ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04927]
122904292  KCNQ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 [KO:K04928]
122899823  KCNQ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04929]
122909887  KCNQ5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04930]
122906039  KCNJ2; inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K04996]
122906844  KCNJ12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 isoform X1 [KO:K05005]
122907809  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12-like [KO:K05005]
122892132  KCNJ4; inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04998]
122911874  KCNJ14; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007]
122905107  CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 isoform X1 [KO:K04130]
122912880  CHRM4; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 [KO:K04132]
122904758  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
122900295  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
122909406  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
122911436  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
122899348  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
122896086  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
122892610  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
122908715  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
122892946  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
122893048  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
122913015  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
122898876  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04541]
122906945  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
122900135  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
122901985  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
122909910  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
122913893  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
122917352  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
122904822  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
122900073  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
122909693  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
122895413  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
122904821  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
122906603  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
122902504  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997]
122908293  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05000]
122904709  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122906749  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
122906750  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
122913220  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
122892446  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
122899136  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas-like [KO:K07828]
122900359  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
122892965  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
122895342  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122903200  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
122893478  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
122893809  CHRNA7-FAM7A fusion protein [KO:K04809]
122915518  CHRNA4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K04806]
122918788  CHRNB2; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K04813]
122893549  CHRNA3; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04805]
122892973  CHRNB4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 [KO:K04815]
122919248  CHRNA6; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04808]
122904661  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122896073  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122915263  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122893638  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122908870  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122892410  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122911463  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122904294  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122895879  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122900129  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
122909651  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
122902244  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
122891883  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
122905111  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
122912878  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
122910819  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
122917481  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
122918221  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
122904940  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
122889234  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
122904673  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
122900805  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
122894107  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
122916928  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
122917753  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
122903454  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
122899425  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122908712  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122908899  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
122918946  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
122899916  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
122909588  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
122918524  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122912036  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122894172  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
122902835  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
122909666  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
122917048  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
122892214  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
122909338  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
122897554  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
122918773  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
122915681  SLC5A7; high affinity choline transporter 1 [KO:K14387]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
nvs00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
nvs04010  MAPK signaling pathway
nvs04020  Calcium signaling pathway
nvs04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
nvs04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   
LinkDB

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