KEGG   PATHWAY: pale04934
Entry
pale04934                   Pathway                                
Name
Cushing syndrome - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
Description
Cushing syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids via exogenous and endogenous sources. The typical clinical features of CS are related to hypercortisolism and include accumulation of central fat, moon facies, neuromuscular weakness, osteoporosis or bone fractures, metabolic complications, and mood changes. Traditionally, endogenous CS is classified as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent (about 80%) or ACTH- independent (about 20%). Among ACTH-dependent forms, pituitary corticotroph adenoma (Cushing's disease) is most common. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic, resulting from monoclonal expansion of a single mutated cell. Recently recurrent activating somatic driver mutations in the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 gene (USP8) were identified in almost half of corticotroph adenoma. Germline mutations in MEN1 (encoding menin), AIP (encoding aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein), PRKAR1A (encoding cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I alpha regulatory subunit) and CDKN1B (encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; also known as p27 Kip1) have been identified in familial forms of pituitary adenomas. However, the frequency of familial pituitary adenomas is less than 5% in patients with pituitary adenomas. Among ACTH-independent CS, adrenal adenoma is most common. Rare adrenal causes of CS include primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) or primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
pale04934  Cushing syndrome
pale04934

Organism
Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]
Gene
102888210  CRH; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
102878226  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04578]
102888327  CRHR2; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 [KO:K04579]
102889764  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632]
102884106  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
102887497  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102893265  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102886232  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102890575  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102897495  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102890588  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102881535  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102896789  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102885676  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102886679  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102877853  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102888198  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
102889014  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
102896553  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102878515  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
102894633  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102882888  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102886510  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
102879289  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
102884583  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
102898128  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X3 [KO:K09049]
102881190  MEN1; menin [KO:K14970]
102881393  ASH2L; set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 isoform X1 [KO:K14964]
102895616  RBBP5; retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K14961]
102881828  WDR5; WD repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K14963]
102887720  WDR5B; WD repeat-containing protein 5B isoform X1 [KO:K14963]
102888593  KMT2D; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D [KO:K09187] [EC:2.1.1.354]
102878098  CDKN2C; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
102893142  CDKN2B; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B [KO:K04685]
102896422  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A [KO:K06621]
102894222  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102896272  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102885330  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
102893019  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
102895276  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
102884459  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
102887239  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
102882793  RASD1; dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 [KO:K07843]
102892785  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
102885642  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
102898665  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
102891131  AHR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aryl hydrocarbon receptor [KO:K09093]
102890063  AIP; AH receptor-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K17767]
102886780  AIPL1; aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting protein-like 1 [KO:K17767]
102885691  ARNT; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator isoform X1 [KO:K09097]
102880085  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
102893397  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102882411  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
102882260  CCNE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
102894049  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
102882682  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X2 [KO:K04850]
102888351  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
102893611  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
102896136  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
102888982  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102888385  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102880869  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102896030  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102879271  RAP1A; ras-related protein Rap-1A [KO:K04353]
102883778  RAP1B; ras-related protein Rap-1b [KO:K07836]
102878393  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102897122  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102879034  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102895390  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102885749  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102884629  NR4A1; nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 [KO:K04465]
102893495  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102885118  USP8; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K11839] [EC:3.4.19.12]
102881636  POMC; pro-opiomelanocortin [KO:K05228]
102898827  MC2R; adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04200]
102898168  MRAP; melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein [KO:K22398]
102893743  PDE8B; high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B [KO:K18437] [EC:3.1.4.53]
102891335  PDE8A; high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A [KO:K18437] [EC:3.1.4.53]
102893281  PDE11A; dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A [KO:K13298] [EC:3.1.4.17 3.1.4.35]
102892452  NR5A1; steroidogenic factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08560]
102894100  SP1; transcription factor Sp1 isoform X1 [KO:K04684]
102898077  PBX1; pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 [KO:K09355]
102881458  cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00497] [EC:1.14.15.4]
102884618  steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase [KO:K00512] [EC:1.14.14.19 1.14.14.32]
102881135  STAR; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial [KO:K16931]
102885919  NCEH1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 [KO:K14349] [EC:3.1.1.-]
102883579  ARMC5; armadillo repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K22499]
102892951  AGT; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
102895602  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
102877919  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
102888619  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
102879238  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102885207  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102885781  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102885953  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102894982  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
102896356  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
102881783  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
102885724  KCNK2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04913]
102889039  CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X6 [KO:K04854]
102890816  CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X2 [KO:K04855]
102882076  CACNA1I; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856]
102883130  ORAI1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16056]
102897170  KCNA4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 [KO:K04877]
102882388  KCNK3; potassium channel subfamily K member 3 [KO:K04914]
102888790  LDLR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low-density lipoprotein receptor [KO:K12473]
102895483  SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 [KO:K13885]
102894190  cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00498] [EC:1.14.15.6]
102891879  3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase [KO:K00070] [EC:1.1.1.145 5.3.3.1]
102898380  steroid 21-hydroxylase [KO:K00513] [EC:1.14.14.16]
102881861  FH; fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01679] [EC:4.2.1.2]
102888016  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
102880959  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
102885080  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
102895795  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
102877979  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
102888866  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
102890342  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X5 [KO:K00444]
102881682  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b isoform X2 [KO:K00444]
102882368  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 isoform X1 [KO:K00445]
102888597  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
102898026  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
102896480  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
102878209  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
102885223  protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
102884543  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
102882121  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
102888263  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
102877879  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
102882050  WNT16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
102880538  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
102895634  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
102884150  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
102890038  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
102892989  FZD4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
102877864  FZD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
102883426  FZD5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
102890002  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
102894135  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
102878169  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
102895469  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102880039  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102881158  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
102882441  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X4 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102878657  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
102885831  AXIN2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
102880017  CTNNB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
102880260  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X3 [KO:K02085]
102891886  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
102885788  TCF7; transcription factor 7 isoform X4 [KO:K02620]
102886093  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 [KO:K04490]
102880370  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04491]
102886933  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
Compound
C00020  AMP
C00076  Calcium cation
C00187  Cholesterol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00410  Progesterone
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00735  Cortisol
C01176  17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01953  Pregnenolone
C05138  17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone
C05488  11-Deoxycortisol
C07557  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
Reference
PMID:26004339
  Authors
Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK
  Title
Cushing's syndrome.
  Journal
Lancet 386:913-27 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1
Reference
PMID:27588171
  Authors
Xiong Q, Ge W
  Title
Gene mutations in Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Biomed Rep 5:277-282 (2016)
DOI:10.3892/br.2016.729
Reference
PMID:25877147
  Authors
Fukuoka H, Takahashi Y
  Title
The role of genetic and epigenetic changes in pituitary tumorigenesis.
  Journal
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 54 Suppl 3:943-57 (2014)
DOI:10.2176/nmc.suppl.2014-3
Reference
PMID:18987159
  Authors
Quereda V, Malumbres M
  Title
Cell cycle control of pituitary development and disease.
  Journal
J Mol Endocrinol 42:75-86 (2009)
DOI:10.1677/JME-08-0146
Reference
PMID:27742789
  Authors
Caimari F, Korbonits M
  Title
Novel Genetic Causes of Pituitary Adenomas.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 22:5030-5042 (2016)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0452
Reference
PMID:25350067
  Authors
Lecoq AL, Kamenicky P, Guiochon-Mantel A, Chanson P
  Title
Genetic mutations in sporadic pituitary adenomas--what to screen for?
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 11:43-54 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2014.181
Reference
PMID:27625633
  Authors
Hannah-Shmouni F, Faucz FR, Stratakis CA
  Title
Alterations of Phosphodiesterases in Adrenocortical Tumors.
  Journal
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 7:111 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2016.00111
Reference
PMID:21423242
  Authors
Melmed S
  Title
Pathogenesis of pituitary tumors.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 7:257-66 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2011.40
Reference
PMID:19407507
  Authors
Daly AF, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A
  Title
Genetic, molecular and clinical features of familial isolated pituitary adenomas.
  Journal
Horm Res 71 Suppl 2:116-22 (2009)
DOI:10.1159/000192448
Reference
PMID:28850717
  Authors
Albani A, Theodoropoulou M, Reincke M
  Title
Genetics of Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 88:3-12 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/cen.13457
Reference
PMID:26045561
  Authors
Duan K, Hernandez KG, Mete O
  Title
Clinicopathological correlates of adrenal Cushing's syndrome.
  Journal
Postgrad Med J 91:331-42 (2015)
DOI:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-202612rep
Reference
PMID:26264719
  Authors
Drougat L, Espiard S, Bertherat J
  Title
Genetics of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: a model for early diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
  Journal
Eur J Endocrinol 173:M121-31 (2015)
DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0532
Reference
PMID:17955016
  Authors
Stratakis CA, Boikos SA
  Title
Genetics of adrenal tumors associated with Cushing's syndrome: a new classification for bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasias.
  Journal
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3:748-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/ncpendmet0648
Reference
PMID:19906235
  Authors
Refojo D, Holsboer F
  Title
CRH signaling. Molecular specificity for drug targeting in the CNS.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1179:106-19 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04983.x
Reference
PMID:12089357
  Authors
Kovalovsky D, Refojo D, Liberman AC, Hochbaum D, Pereda MP, Coso OA, Stalla GK, Holsboer F, Arzt E
  Title
Activation and induction of NUR77/NURR1 in corticotrophs by CRH/cAMP: involvement of calcium, protein kinase A, and MAPK pathways.
  Journal
Mol Endocrinol 16:1638-51 (2002)
DOI:10.1210/mend.16.7.0863
Reference
PMID:15380809
  Authors
Lacroix A, Baldacchino V, Bourdeau I, Hamet P, Tremblay J
  Title
Cushing's syndrome variants secondary to aberrant hormone receptors.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 15:375-82 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2004.08.007
Reference
PMID:25485838
  Authors
Reincke M, Sbiera S, Hayakawa A, Theodoropoulou M, Osswald A, Beuschlein F, Meitinger T, Mizuno-Yamasaki E, Kawaguchi K, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Wieland T, Graf E, Saeger W, Ronchi CL, Allolio B, Buchfelder M, Strom TM, Fassnacht M, Komada M
  Title
Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Nat Genet 47:31-8 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/ng.3166
Reference
PMID:25930709
  Authors
Kaiser UB
  Title
Cushing's disease: towards precision medicine.
  Journal
Cell Res 25:649-50 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2015.53
Reference
PMID:28487882
  Authors
Uzilov AV, Cheesman KC, Fink MY, Newman LC, Pandya C, Lalazar Y, Hefti M, Fowkes M, Deikus G, Lau CY, Moe AS, Kinoshita Y, Kasai Y, Zweig M, Gupta A, Starcevic D, Mahajan M, Schadt EE, Post KD, Donovan MJ, Sebra R, Chen R, Geer EB
  Title
Identification of a novel RASD1 somatic mutation in a USP8-mutated corticotroph adenoma.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 3:a001602 (2017)
DOI:10.1101/mcs.a001602
Reference
PMID:26285834
  Authors
Huang C, Shi Y, Zhao Y
  Title
USP8 mutation in Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Oncotarget 6:18240-1 (2015)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.4856
Reference
PMID:26012588
  Authors
Theodoropoulou M, Reincke M, Fassnacht M, Komada M
  Title
Decoding the genetic basis of Cushing's disease: USP8 in the spotlight.
  Journal
Eur J Endocrinol 173:M73-83 (2015)
DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0320
Reference
PMID:29370219
  Authors
Yu L, Zhang J, Guo X, Chen X, He Z, He Q
  Title
ARMC5 mutations in familial and sporadic primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.
  Journal
PLoS One 13:e0191602 (2018)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0191602
Reference
PMID:19075677
  Authors
Wu X, Hua X
  Title
Menin, histone h3 methyltransferases, and regulation of cell proliferation: current knowledge and perspective.
  Journal
Curr Mol Med 8:805-15 (2008)
DOI:10.2174/156652408786733702
Reference
PMID:20457215
  Authors
Ozfirat Z, Korbonits M
  Title
AIP gene and familial isolated pituitary adenomas.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 326:71-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2010.05.001
Related
pathway
pale00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pale00140  Steroid hormone biosynthesis
pale04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pale04024  cAMP signaling pathway
pale04110  Cell cycle
pale04310  Wnt signaling pathway
pale04927  Cortisol synthesis and secretion
pale04960  Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
KO pathway
ko04934   
LinkDB

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