KEGG PATHWAY: ptex04620

KEGG

PATHWAY: ptex04620

Entry

ptex04620                   Pathway

Name

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Pseudonaja textilis (eastern brown snake)

Description

Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Organism

Pseudonaja textilis (eastern brown snake) [GN:ptex]

Gene

TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]

TLR6; toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K10169]

LY96; lymphocyte antigen 96 [KO:K05400]

TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05401]

TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]

TLR5; toll-like receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K10168]

toll-like receptor 5 [KO:K10168]

toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]

CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]

RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]

PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]

PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]

AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

TOLLIP; toll-interacting protein [KO:K05402]

MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]

TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403]

FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]

IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]

TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]

TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403]

TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]

MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]

CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]

IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]

NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]

NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]

RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]

MAP3K8; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04415] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]

FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]

TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]

IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]

IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]

interleukin-12 subunit beta-like [KO:K05425]

interleukin-12 subunit beta-like [KO:K05425]

interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]

interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]

C-C motif chemokine 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K12499]

C-C motif chemokine 5-like [KO:K12499]

C-C motif chemokine 4-like [KO:K12964]

TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]

TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]

RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IRF5; interferon regulatory factor 5 [KO:K09446]

IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K09447]

SPP1; osteopontin isoform X1 [KO:K06250]

TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]

TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]

IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]

CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160]

T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80-like [KO:K05412]

interferon alpha-21-like [KO:K05414]

interferon epsilon-like [KO:K05414]

IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05130]

tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1-like [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]

tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1-like [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]

TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]

STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]

STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]

IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693]

growth-regulated alpha protein-like [KO:K12672]

CXCL11; C-X-C motif chemokine 11 [KO:K12672]

Reference

Authors

Kawai T, Akira S.

Title

TLR signaling.

Journal

Semin Immunol 19:24-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.004

Reference

Authors

O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.

Title

The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 7:353-64 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2079

Reference

Authors

Honda K, Taniguchi T.

Title

IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:644-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1900

Reference

Authors

Uematsu S, Akira S.

Title

Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.

Journal

J Biol Chem 282:15319-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R700009200

Reference

Authors

Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.

Title

Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.

Journal

Cell 124:783-801 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015

Reference

Authors

Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.

Title

TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.

Journal

Mol Immunol 40:861-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.006

Reference

Authors

Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.

Title

The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.

Journal

J Immunol 170:5165-75 (2003)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5165

Reference

Authors

Aderem A, Smith KD.

Title

A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.

Journal

Semin Immunol 16:55-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.002

Reference

Authors

Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.

Title

Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.

Journal

Immunol Cell Biol 85:420-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.icb.7100098

Reference

Authors

Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.

Title

Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.

Journal

Mol Immunol 44:3715-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.002

Reference

Authors

Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.

Title

Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.

Journal

Nat Immunol 1:533-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/82797

Reference

Authors

Uematsu S, Akira S.

Title

Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.

Journal

J Mol Med 84:712-25 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-006-0084-y

Related
pathway

MAPK signaling pathway

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis

Apoptosis

KO pathway

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