KEGG   PATHWAY: abd00920
Entry
abd00920                    Pathway                                
Name
Sulfur metabolism - Acinetobacter baumannii TCDC-AB0715
Description
Sulfur is an essential element for life and the metabolism of organic sulfur compounds plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle. Sulfur occurs in various oxidation states ranging from +6 in sulfate to -2 in sulfide (H2S). Sulfate reduction can occur in both an energy consuming assimilatory pathway and an energy producing dissimilatory pathway. The assimilatory pathway, which is found in a wide range of organisms, produces reduced sulfur compounds for the biosynthesis of S-containing amino acids and does not lead to direct excretion of sulfide. In the dissimilatory pathway, which is restricted to obligatory anaerobic bacterial and archaeal lineages, sulfate (or sulfur) is the terminal electron acceptor of the respiratory chain producing large quantities of inorganic sulfide. Both pathways start from the activation of sulfate by reaction with ATP to form adenylyl sulfate (APS). In the assimilatory pathway [MD:M00176] APS is converted to 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) and then reduced to sulfite, and sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by the assimilatory sulfite reductase. In the dissimilatory pathway [MD:M00596] APS is directly reduced to sulfite, and sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by the dissimilatory sulfite reductase. The capacity for oxidation of sulfur is quite widespread among bacteria and archaea, comprising phototrophs and chemolithoautotrophs. The SOX (sulfur-oxidation) system [MD:M00595] is a well-known sulfur oxidation pathway and is found in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis with reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfide and elemental sulfur, as well as thiosulfate (in some species with the SOX system), as the electron donor for photoautotrophic growth. In some chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers (such as Thiobacillus denitrificans), it has been suggested that dissimilatory sulfur reduction enzymes operate in the reverse direction, forming a sulfur oxidation pathway from sulfite to APS and then to sulfate.
Class
Metabolism; Energy metabolism
Pathway map
abd00920  Sulfur metabolism
abd00920

Module
abd_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:abd00920]
Other DBs
GO: 0006790
Organism
Acinetobacter baumannii TCDC-AB0715 [GN:abd]
Gene
ABTW07_2981  ABC-type sulfate transport system, periplasmic component [KO:K02048]
ABTW07_3617  ABC-type sulfate transport system, periplasmic component [KO:K23163]
ABTW07_2983  ABC-type sulfate transport system, permease component [KO:K02046]
ABTW07_2984  cysW; sulfate ABC transporter membrane protein [KO:K02047]
ABTW07_2985  cysA; ABC-type sulfate/molybdate transport system, ATPase component [KO:K02045] [EC:7.3.2.3]
ABTW07_1642  tauA; taurine ABC transporter periplasmic substrate-binding protein [KO:K15551]
ABTW07_1644  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, permease component [KO:K15552]
ABTW07_1643  ABC-type taurine transport system, ATPase component [KO:K10831] [EC:7.6.2.7]
ABTW07_1645  tauD; taurine dioxygenase [KO:K03119] [EC:1.14.11.17]
ABTW07_0058  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system protein, periplasmic component [KO:K15553]
ABTW07_0059  alkanesulfonate transport protein [KO:K15553]
ABTW07_2543  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, periplasmic component [KO:K15553]
ABTW07_1968  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, periplasmic component [KO:K15553]
ABTW07_0056  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, permease component [KO:K15554]
ABTW07_2544  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, permease component [KO:K15554]
ABTW07_1969  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, permease component [KO:K15554]
ABTW07_0055  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, ATPase component [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
ABTW07_1970  ABC-type nitrate/sulfonate/bicarbonate transport system, ATPase component [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
ABTW07_0057  alkanesulfonate monooxygenase [KO:K04091] [EC:1.14.14.5 1.14.14.34]
ABTW07_3710  NADH-dependent FMN reductase [KO:K00299] [EC:1.5.1.38]
ABTW07_1091  GTPase - Sulfate adenylate transferase subunit 1 [KO:K00956] [EC:2.7.7.4]
ABTW07_1090  sulfate adenylyltransferase subunit 2 [KO:K00957] [EC:2.7.7.4]
ABTW07_1859  3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) 3'-phosphatase [KO:K01082] [EC:3.1.3.7]
ABTW07_3246  phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase [KO:K00390] [EC:1.8.4.8 1.8.4.10]
ABTW07_3272  sulfite reductase, alpha subunit (flavoprotein) [KO:K00380] [EC:1.8.1.2]
ABTW07_3315  sulfite reductase, beta subunit (hemoprotein) [KO:K00381] [EC:1.8.1.2]
ABTW07_1957  uncharacterized NAD(FAD)-dependent dehydrogenase [KO:K17218] [EC:1.8.5.4]
ABTW07_3788  rhdA; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
ABTW07_1662  serine acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
ABTW07_1611  serine acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
ABTW07_0197  cysK; subunit of cysteine synthase A and O-acetylserine sulfhydrolase A, PLP-dependent enzyme [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
ABTW07_0512  homoserine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00641] [EC:2.3.1.31 2.3.1.46]
ABTW07_1929  O-succinylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [KO:K10764] [EC:2.5.1.-]
ABTW07_3711  coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methylene tetrahydromethanopterin reductase [KO:K17228] [EC:1.14.14.35]
ABTW07_2153  acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming)/AMP-acid ligase II [KO:K20034] [EC:6.2.1.44]
ABTW07_0623  acyl-CoA synthetase [KO:K20034] [EC:6.2.1.44]
ABTW07_3353  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [KO:K20035] [EC:1.3.99.41]
ABTW07_3524  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [KO:K20035] [EC:1.3.99.41]
ABTW07_3354  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [KO:K20035] [EC:1.3.99.41]
Compound
C00033  Acetate
C00042  Succinate
C00053  3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate
C00054  Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00084  Acetaldehyde
C00087  Sulfur
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00224  Adenylyl sulfate
C00245  Taurine
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00320  Thiosulfate
C00409  Methanethiol
C00580  Dimethyl sulfide
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01861  Trithionate
C02084  Tetrathionate
C03920  2-(Methylthio)ethanesulfonate
C04022  S,S-Dimethyl-beta-propiothetin
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C11142  Dimethyl sulfone
C11143  Dimethyl sulfoxide
C11145  Methanesulfonic acid
C15521  Alkanesulfonate
C17267  S-Sulfanylglutathione
C19692  Polysulfide
C20870  3-(Methylthio)propanoyl-CoA
C20955  3-(Methylthio)acryloyl-CoA
C22834  Protein-trisulfide
Reference
  Authors
Grein F, Ramos AR, Venceslau SS, Pereira IA
  Title
Unifying concepts in anaerobic respiration: Insights from dissimilatory sulfur metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1827:145-60 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.09.001
Reference
  Authors
Fauque GD, Barton LL
  Title
Hemoproteins in dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfur-reducing prokaryotes.
  Journal
Adv Microb Physiol 60:1-90 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-398264-3.00001-2
Reference
  Authors
Sakurai H, Ogawa T, Shiga M, Inoue K
  Title
Inorganic sulfur oxidizing system in green sulfur bacteria.
  Journal
Photosynth Res 104:163-76 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11120-010-9531-2
Reference
  Authors
Falkenby LG, Szymanska M, Holkenbrink C, Habicht KS, Andersen JS, Miller M, Frigaard NU
  Title
Quantitative proteomics of Chlorobaculum tepidum: insights into the sulfur metabolism of a phototrophic green sulfur bacterium.
  Journal
FEMS Microbiol Lett 323:142-50 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02370.x
Reference
  Authors
Gregersen LH, Bryant DA, Frigaard NU
  Title
Mechanisms and evolution of oxidative sulfur metabolism in green sulfur bacteria.
  Journal
Front Microbiol 2:116 (2011)
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00116
Reference
  Authors
Beller HR, Chain PS, Letain TE, Chakicherla A, Larimer FW, Richardson PM, Coleman MA, Wood AP, Kelly DP.
  Title
The genome sequence of the obligately chemolithoautotrophic, facultatively anaerobic bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:1473-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.188.4.1473-1488.2006
Reference
PMID:9695921
  Authors
Pott AS, Dahl C
  Title
Sirohaem sulfite reductase and other proteins encoded by genes at the dsr locus of Chromatium vinosum are involved in the oxidation of intracellular sulfur.
  Journal
Microbiology 144 ( Pt 7):1881-94 (1998)
DOI:10.1099/00221287-144-7-1881
Reference
  Authors
Frigaard NU, Dahl C
  Title
Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic sulfur bacteria.
  Journal
Adv Microb Physiol 54:103-200 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)00002-7
Related
pathway
abd00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
abd00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
abd00680  Methane metabolism
KO pathway
ko00920   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system