KEGG   PATHWAY: bmul00920
Entry
bmul00920                   Pathway                                
Name
Sulfur metabolism - Burkholderia multivorans ATCC BAA-247
Description
Sulfur is an essential element for life and the metabolism of organic sulfur compounds plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle. Sulfur occurs in various oxidation states ranging from +6 in sulfate to -2 in sulfide (H2S). Sulfate reduction can occur in both an energy consuming assimilatory pathway and an energy producing dissimilatory pathway. The assimilatory pathway, which is found in a wide range of organisms, produces reduced sulfur compounds for the biosynthesis of S-containing amino acids and does not lead to direct excretion of sulfide. In the dissimilatory pathway, which is restricted to obligatory anaerobic bacterial and archaeal lineages, sulfate (or sulfur) is the terminal electron acceptor of the respiratory chain producing large quantities of inorganic sulfide. Both pathways start from the activation of sulfate by reaction with ATP to form adenylyl sulfate (APS). In the assimilatory pathway [MD:M00176] APS is converted to 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) and then reduced to sulfite, and sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by the assimilatory sulfite reductase. In the dissimilatory pathway [MD:M00596] APS is directly reduced to sulfite, and sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by the dissimilatory sulfite reductase. The capacity for oxidation of sulfur is quite widespread among bacteria and archaea, comprising phototrophs and chemolithoautotrophs. The SOX (sulfur-oxidation) system [MD:M00595] is a well-known sulfur oxidation pathway and is found in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis with reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfide and elemental sulfur, as well as thiosulfate (in some species with the SOX system), as the electron donor for photoautotrophic growth. In some chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers (such as Thiobacillus denitrificans), it has been suggested that dissimilatory sulfur reduction enzymes operate in the reverse direction, forming a sulfur oxidation pathway from sulfite to APS and then to sulfate.
Class
Metabolism; Energy metabolism
Pathway map
bmul00920  Sulfur metabolism
bmul00920

Module
bmul_M00176  Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:bmul00920]
Other DBs
GO: 0006790
Organism
Burkholderia multivorans ATCC BAA-247 [GN:bmul]
Gene
NP80_3067  sulfate ABC transporter, sulfate-binding family protein [KO:K02048]
NP80_1696  sulfate ABC transporter, sulfate-binding family protein [KO:K23163]
NP80_1697  cysT; sulfate ABC transporter, permease protein CysT [KO:K02046]
NP80_1698  cysW; sulfate ABC transporter, permease protein CysW [KO:K02047]
NP80_1699  cysA; sulfate ABC transporter, ATP-binding family protein [KO:K02045] [EC:7.3.2.3]
NP80_3000  tauA; taurine ABC transporter, periplasmic binding protein [KO:K15551]
NP80_2998  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15552]
NP80_2999  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K10831] [EC:7.6.2.7]
NP80_4573  ABC transporter, substrate-binding, aliphatic sulfonates family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4588  ABC transporter, substrate-binding, aliphatic sulfonates family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4278  ABC transporter, substrate-binding, aliphatic sulfonates family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4049  ABC transporter, substrate-binding, aliphatic sulfonates family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4057  bacterial extracellular solute-binding s, 3 family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_1626  ABC transporter, substrate-binding, aliphatic sulfonates family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4059  NMT1-like family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_167  bacterial extracellular solute-binding s, 3 family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_3628  NMT1-like family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4282  NMT1-like family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_5261  NMT1-like family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_2039  NMT1-like family protein [KO:K15553]
NP80_4281  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_4574  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_4055  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_4056  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_1666  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_5259  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_165  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_2040  binding--dependent transport system inner membrane component family protein [KO:K15554]
NP80_4575  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_4054  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_1667  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_5260  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_4280  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_166  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_2041  ABC transporter family protein [KO:K15555] [EC:7.6.2.14]
NP80_4284  luciferase-like monooxygenase family protein [KO:K04091] [EC:1.14.14.5 1.14.14.34]
NP80_1665  ssuD; alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, FMNH(2)-dependent [KO:K04091] [EC:1.14.14.5 1.14.14.34]
NP80_5311  msuE; FMN reductase [KO:K00299] [EC:1.5.1.38]
NP80_5057  NADPH-dependent FMN reductase family protein [KO:K00299] [EC:1.5.1.38]
NP80_2615  cysN; sulfate adenylyltransferase, large subunit [KO:K00956] [EC:2.7.7.4]
NP80_2616  cysD; sulfate adenylyltransferase, small subunit [KO:K00957] [EC:2.7.7.4]
NP80_2282  cysC; adenylyl-sulfate kinase [KO:K00860] [EC:2.7.1.25]
NP80_2617  adenylylsulfate reductase, thioredoxin dependent family protein [KO:K00390] [EC:1.8.4.8 1.8.4.10]
NP80_4096  molybdopterin oxidoreductase Fe4S4 domain protein [KO:K21307] [EC:1.8.5.6]
NP80_4097  4Fe-4S dicluster domain protein [KO:K21308]
NP80_4098  DMSO reductase anchor subunit family protein [KO:K21309]
NP80_4466  FAD binding domain protein [KO:K00380] [EC:1.8.1.2]
NP80_2619  nitrite and sulphite reductase 4Fe-4S domain protein [KO:K00381] [EC:1.8.1.2]
NP80_1820  pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family protein [KO:K17218] [EC:1.8.5.4]
NP80_3228  ethe1; ETHE1, mitochondrial domain protein [KO:K17725] [EC:1.13.11.18]
NP80_3843  rhodanese-like domain protein [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
NP80_3444  hypothetical protein [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
NP80_2145  cysE; serine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
NP80_22  metX; homoserine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00641] [EC:2.3.1.31 2.3.1.46]
NP80_3954  metZ; O-succinylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [KO:K10764] [EC:2.5.1.-]
NP80_2714  56kDa selenium binding family protein [KO:K17285] [EC:1.8.3.4]
NP80_5310  sfnG; dimethyl sulfone monooxygenase SfnG [KO:K17228] [EC:1.14.14.35]
NP80_1967  AMP-binding enzyme family protein [KO:K20034] [EC:6.2.1.44]
NP80_4308  AMP-binding enzyme family protein [KO:K20034] [EC:6.2.1.44]
NP80_5427  hypothetical protein [KO:K20035] [EC:1.3.99.41]
NP80_2855  hypothetical protein [KO:K20035] [EC:1.3.99.41]
Compound
C00033  Acetate
C00042  Succinate
C00053  3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate
C00054  Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00084  Acetaldehyde
C00087  Sulfur
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00224  Adenylyl sulfate
C00245  Taurine
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00320  Thiosulfate
C00409  Methanethiol
C00580  Dimethyl sulfide
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01861  Trithionate
C02084  Tetrathionate
C03920  2-(Methylthio)ethanesulfonate
C04022  S,S-Dimethyl-beta-propiothetin
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C11142  Dimethyl sulfone
C11143  Dimethyl sulfoxide
C11145  Methanesulfonic acid
C15521  Alkanesulfonate
C17267  S-Sulfanylglutathione
C19692  Polysulfide
C20870  3-(Methylthio)propanoyl-CoA
C20955  3-(Methylthio)acryloyl-CoA
C22834  Protein-trisulfide
Reference
  Authors
Grein F, Ramos AR, Venceslau SS, Pereira IA
  Title
Unifying concepts in anaerobic respiration: Insights from dissimilatory sulfur metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1827:145-60 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.09.001
Reference
  Authors
Fauque GD, Barton LL
  Title
Hemoproteins in dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfur-reducing prokaryotes.
  Journal
Adv Microb Physiol 60:1-90 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-398264-3.00001-2
Reference
  Authors
Sakurai H, Ogawa T, Shiga M, Inoue K
  Title
Inorganic sulfur oxidizing system in green sulfur bacteria.
  Journal
Photosynth Res 104:163-76 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11120-010-9531-2
Reference
  Authors
Falkenby LG, Szymanska M, Holkenbrink C, Habicht KS, Andersen JS, Miller M, Frigaard NU
  Title
Quantitative proteomics of Chlorobaculum tepidum: insights into the sulfur metabolism of a phototrophic green sulfur bacterium.
  Journal
FEMS Microbiol Lett 323:142-50 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02370.x
Reference
  Authors
Gregersen LH, Bryant DA, Frigaard NU
  Title
Mechanisms and evolution of oxidative sulfur metabolism in green sulfur bacteria.
  Journal
Front Microbiol 2:116 (2011)
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00116
Reference
  Authors
Beller HR, Chain PS, Letain TE, Chakicherla A, Larimer FW, Richardson PM, Coleman MA, Wood AP, Kelly DP.
  Title
The genome sequence of the obligately chemolithoautotrophic, facultatively anaerobic bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:1473-88 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.188.4.1473-1488.2006
Reference
PMID:9695921
  Authors
Pott AS, Dahl C
  Title
Sirohaem sulfite reductase and other proteins encoded by genes at the dsr locus of Chromatium vinosum are involved in the oxidation of intracellular sulfur.
  Journal
Microbiology 144 ( Pt 7):1881-94 (1998)
DOI:10.1099/00221287-144-7-1881
Reference
  Authors
Frigaard NU, Dahl C
  Title
Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic sulfur bacteria.
  Journal
Adv Microb Physiol 54:103-200 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)00002-7
Related
pathway
bmul00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
bmul00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
bmul00680  Methane metabolism
KO pathway
ko00920   
LinkDB

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