KEGG PATHWAY: map04215

PATHWAY: map04215

Entry

map04215                    Pathway

Name

Apoptosis - multiple species

Description

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The major players are caspases, caspase inhibitors, members of the Bcl-2 family of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and adaptors of the Ced-4/APAF-1 type. Mammals, by comparison with Caenorhabditis and Drosophila, exhibit highly complex extrinsic and intrinsic pathways for apoptosis induction. However, recent analyses of whole genome sequences from cnidarians (e.g. Hydra) suggest that the caspase and Bcl-2 families were already highly complex in cnidarians and that Caenorhabditis and Drosophila lost many of the genes involved in apoptosis.

Class

Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death

Pathway map

map04215

Apoptosis - multiple species

Other DBs

GO:

0006915

Reference

PMID:25991373

Authors

Fuchs Y, Steller H

Title

Live to die another way: modes of programmed cell death and the signals emanating from dying cells.

Journal

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 16:329-44 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3999

Reference

PMID:15082313

Authors

Kumar S, Cakouros D

Title

Transcriptional control of the core cell-death machinery.

Journal

Trends Biochem Sci 29:193-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tibs.2004.02.001

Reference

PMID:20978240

Authors

Bergmann A, Steller H

Title

Apoptosis, stem cells, and tissue regeneration.

Journal

Sci Signal 3:re8 (2010)
DOI:10.1126/scisignal.3145re8

Reference

PMID:23457257

Authors

Zmasek CM, Godzik A

Title

Evolution of the animal apoptosis network.

Journal

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a008649 (2013)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a008649

Reference

PMID:15963254

Authors

Twomey C, McCarthy JV

Title

Pathways of apoptosis and importance in development.

Journal

J Cell Mol Med 9:345-59 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00360.x

Reference

PMID:10578171

Authors

Nicholson DW

Title

Caspase structure, proteolytic substrates, and function during apoptotic cell death.

Journal

Cell Death Differ 6:1028-42 (1999)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400598

Reference

PMID:19659442

Authors

Wang C, Youle RJ

Title

The role of mitochondria in apoptosis*.

Journal

Annu Rev Genet 43:95-118 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134850

Reference

PMID:20028968

Authors

Choi D, Woo M

Title

Executioners of apoptosis in pancreatic {beta}-cells: not just for cell death.

Journal

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298:E735-41 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00696.2009

Reference

PMID:11858838

Authors

Joza N, Kroemer G, Penninger JM

Title

Genetic analysis of the mammalian cell death machinery.

Journal

Trends Genet 18:142-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02618-X

Reference

PMID:15107838

Authors

Yan N, Wu JW, Chai J, Li W, Shi Y

Title

Molecular mechanisms of DrICE inhibition by DIAP1 and removal of inhibition by Reaper, Hid and Grim.

Journal

Nat Struct Mol Biol 11:420-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nsmb764

Reference

PMID:22689371

Authors

Reiter S, Crescenzi M, Galliot B, Buzgariu W

Title

Hydra, a versatile model to study the homeostatic and developmental functions of cell death.

Journal

Int J Dev Biol 56:593-604 (2012)
DOI:10.1387/ijdb.123499sr

Reference

PMID:20479784

Authors

Lasi M, Pauly B, Schmidt N, Cikala M, Stiening B, Kasbauer T, Zenner G, Popp T, Wagner A, Knapp RT, Huber AH, Grunert M, Soding J, David CN, Bottger A

Title

The molecular cell death machinery in the simple cnidarian Hydra includes an expanded caspase family and pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins.

Journal

Cell Res 20:812-25 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2010.66

Reference

PMID:20041301

Authors

Lasi M, David CN, Bottger A

Title

Apoptosis in pre-Bilaterians: Hydra as a model.

Journal

Apoptosis 15:269-78 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s10495-009-0442-7