KEGG   PATHWAY: sind04626
Entry
sind04626                   Pathway                                
Name
Plant-pathogen interaction - Sesamum indicum (sesame)
Description
Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
Pathway map
sind04626  Plant-pathogen interaction
sind04626

Organism
Sesamum indicum (sesame) [GN:sind]
Gene
105157120  calcium-dependent protein kinase 10 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105158395  calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105161534  calcium-dependent protein kinase 13 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105158765  calcium-dependent protein kinase 24-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105161023  calcium-dependent protein kinase 1-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105161701  calcium-dependent protein kinase 20 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105159534  calcium-dependent protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105159744  calcium-dependent protein kinase 32 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105165972  calcium-dependent protein kinase 29 isoform X2 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105163676  calcium-dependent protein kinase 34 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105165867  calcium-dependent protein kinase SK5 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105162537  calcium-dependent protein kinase 32 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105164039  calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105168756  calcium-dependent protein kinase 10 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105167986  calcium-dependent protein kinase [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105169867  calcium-dependent protein kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105172992  calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105174573  calcium-dependent protein kinase 13 isoform X2 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105174200  calcium-dependent protein kinase 25-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105175346  calcium-dependent protein kinase [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105176068  calcium-dependent protein kinase 28-like isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105173969  calcium-dependent protein kinase 20 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105161690  calcium-dependent protein kinase 1-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105170806  calcium-dependent protein kinase 8 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105174866  calcium-dependent protein kinase 33-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105176016  calcium-dependent protein kinase 11 isoform X2 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105171144  calcium-dependent protein kinase 17 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105178163  calcium-dependent protein kinase 18-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105172213  calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105167461  CDPK-related protein kinase [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105162681  CDPK-related kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105174025  CDPK-related kinase 3 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105166773  CDPK-related kinase 6 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105177667  CDPK-related kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105159922  CDPK-related kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105165460  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
105173719  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein E-like isoform X1 [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
105161955  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein E [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
105164049  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
105158270  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
105155654  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 17 isoform X1 [KO:K27629]
105160375  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1 [KO:K05391]
105161621  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 14 [KO:K05391]
105157305  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 16 isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
105157337  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
105162927  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 5 [KO:K05391]
105164914  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 14 [KO:K05391]
105168542  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
105167629  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2-like [KO:K05391]
105167630  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
105170282  protein CNGC15b isoform X2 [KO:K05391]
105173087  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
105173088  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1 [KO:K05391]
105173138  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
105166735  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
105174362  protein CNGC15b-like [KO:K05391]
105177154  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 18 [KO:K05391]
105177299  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 [KO:K05391]
110012167  putative cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 8 [KO:K05391]
105174775  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 [KO:K05391]
105155778  calmodulin-7 [KO:K02183]
105158203  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105160072  probable calcium-binding protein CML45 [KO:K02183]
105163316  calmodulin isoform X3 [KO:K02183]
105163726  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105162741  calmodulin-7 [KO:K02183]
105165316  calmodulin isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
105167736  probable calcium-binding protein CML45 [KO:K02183]
105177352  probable calcium-binding protein CML45 [KO:K02183]
105170943  calmodulin-7 [KO:K02183]
105170944  calmodulin-7 [KO:K02183]
105178879  squidulin [KO:K02183]
105168826  probable calcium-binding protein CML47 [KO:K02183]
105156009  probable calcium-binding protein CML11 [KO:K13448]
105156440  probable calcium-binding protein CML15 [KO:K13448]
105156203  probable calcium-binding protein CML25 [KO:K13448]
105158066  calcium-binding allergen Ole e 8 [KO:K13448]
105158414  calmodulin-like protein 8 [KO:K13448]
105158542  probable calcium-binding protein CML18 [KO:K13448]
105160571  probable calcium-binding protein CML13 [KO:K13448]
105161469  probable calcium-binding protein CML15 [KO:K13448]
105159203  probable calcium-binding protein CML41 [KO:K13448]
105159436  probable calcium-binding protein CML44 [KO:K13448]
105159437  probable calcium-binding protein CML44 [KO:K13448]
105159850  probable calcium-binding protein CML49 [KO:K13448]
105161892  calmodulin-like protein 1 [KO:K13448]
105159875  probable calcium-binding protein CML36 [KO:K13448]
105159856  probable calcium-binding protein CML25 [KO:K13448]
105162562  probable calcium-binding protein CML49 [KO:K13448]
105162569  probable calcium-binding protein CML36 [KO:K13448]
105165145  probable calcium-binding protein CML18 [KO:K13448]
105166189  probable calcium-binding protein CML41 [KO:K13448]
105163780  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K13448]
105165790  caltractin isoform X1 [KO:K13448]
105166570  calcium-binding allergen Ole e 8-like [KO:K13448]
105166461  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K13448]
105167486  probable calcium-binding protein CML41 [KO:K13448]
105170018  probable calcium-binding protein CML48 [KO:K13448]
105177886  probable calcium-binding protein CML18 [KO:K13448]
105177888  polcalcin Bet v 4 [KO:K13448]
105175027  probable calcium-binding protein CML21 [KO:K13448]
105174746  calcium-binding protein CAST [KO:K13448]
105180110  probable calcium-binding protein CML44 [KO:K13448]
105180119  probable calcium-binding protein CML44 [KO:K13448]
105171604  calmodulin-like protein 11 [KO:K13448]
105176553  probable calcium-binding protein CML21 [KO:K13448]
105176261  putative calcium-binding protein CML23 [KO:K13448]
105179229  probable calcium-binding protein CML13 [KO:K13448]
105177412  putative calcium-binding protein CML23 [KO:K13448]
110013062  probable calcium-binding protein CML31 [KO:K13448]
105169550  calmodulin-like protein 1 [KO:K13448]
110012570  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K13448]
105160612  putative nitric oxide synthase [KO:K13427] [EC:1.14.13.39]
105172918  mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK2 isoform X1 [KO:K20600] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105164062  mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK2 [KO:K20600] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105173151  mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK2-like [KO:K20600] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105167308  LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105162157  probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At3g47570 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105159517  probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At3g47570 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105162159  probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At3g47570 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105172069  probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At3g47570 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105162156  LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105177666  probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At3g47570 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105179504  probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At3g47570 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105169199  BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1 [KO:K13416] [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1]
105172594  BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1 [KO:K13416] [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1]
105163229  elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial [KO:K02358]
105157285  elongation factor TuA, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02358]
105179372  elongation factor TuB, chloroplastic [KO:K02358]
105159501  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13414] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105173561  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105157897  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 [KO:K13413] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105170343  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K20536] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105159496  mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK1 [KO:K14512] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105176511  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK1 [KO:K14512] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105161503  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable WRKY transcription factor 33 [KO:K13424]
105163923  probable WRKY transcription factor 25 [KO:K13424]
110012813  probable WRKY transcription factor 33 [KO:K13424]
105160423  probable WRKY transcription factor 27 isoform X2 [KO:K13425]
105173039  WRKY transcription factor 22 [KO:K13425]
105164227  probable WRKY transcription factor 29 [KO:K13426]
105158355  glycerol kinase-like [KO:K00864] [EC:2.7.1.30]
105164867  glycerol kinase [KO:K00864] [EC:2.7.1.30]
105169342  pathogenesis-related protein 1A-like [KO:K13449]
105172616  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
105172617  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
105172650  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
105172653  pathogenesis-related leaf protein 6-like [KO:K13449]
105172292  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
105172652  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
105175593  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5-like [KO:K13433]
105163850  pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6 [KO:K13434]
105156806  pto-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105158758  PTI1-like tyrosine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105162992  pto-interacting protein 1 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105175319  RPM1-interacting protein 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K13456]
105180017  RPM1-interacting protein 4 [KO:K13456]
105170560  RPM1-interacting protein 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K13456]
105180356  RPM1-interacting protein 4-like [KO:K13456]
105170142  RPM1-interacting protein 4-like [KO:K13456]
105174840  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
105175167  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
105176898  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
105175166  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
105160564  cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13458]
105179238  cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1 isoform X1 [KO:K13458]
105160420  protein SGT1 homolog [KO:K12795]
105166711  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein SGT1 homolog [KO:K12795]
105159350  endoplasmin homolog [KO:K09487]
105167396  heat shock protein 90-6, mitochondrial [KO:K09487]
105166069  endoplasmin homolog [KO:K09487]
105179995  heat shock protein 90-5, chloroplastic-like [KO:K09487]
105180074  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein 90-5, chloroplastic-like [KO:K09487]
105160433  heat shock protein 83 [KO:K04079]
105164060  heat shock protein 83 [KO:K04079]
105166705  heat shock protein 83-like [KO:K04079]
105170469  heat shock cognate protein 80 [KO:K04079]
105176572  heat shock cognate protein 80-like [KO:K04079]
105168454  serine/threonine-protein kinase PBS1 [KO:K13430] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105176230  probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL7 isoform X1 [KO:K13430] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105157152  protein EDS1B [KO:K18875]
105166101  cysteine proteinase 15A-like [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
105169681  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine protease RD19A [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
105172913  cysteine protease RD19A-like [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
105174184  probable cysteine protease RD19D [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
105166293  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105155237  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105160568  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 5-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105160999  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105161146  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105161980  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 10-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105165320  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105164826  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105164852  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 10 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105168066  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105169645  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105169646  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105169145  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105177945  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105177946  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105176165  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105170368  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105171618  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105171620  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105170671  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105178827  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105173789  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20-like isoform X1 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
105178774  WRKY transcription factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18834]
105161243  probable WRKY transcription factor 20 [KO:K18835]
105176541  probable WRKY transcription factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18835]
105175043  probable WRKY transcription factor 2 [KO:K18835]
105177691  receptor kinase-like protein Xa21 [KO:K13466]
105162620  lysM domain receptor-like kinase 3 [KO:K13429]
105168606  chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13429]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
Reference
PMID:18206360
  Authors
Zipfel C
  Title
Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 20:10-6 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2007.11.003
Reference
PMID:19748302
  Authors
Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B
  Title
One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1.
  Journal
Trends Plant Sci 14:535-41 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.08.002
Reference
PMID:19423812
  Authors
Boller T, He SY
  Title
Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens.
  Journal
Science 324:742-4 (2009)
DOI:10.1126/science.1171647
Reference
PMID:19794842
  Authors
Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA
  Title
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Plant Signal Behav 4:277-82 (2009)
DOI:10.4161/psb.4.4.8103
Reference
PMID:11875555
  Authors
Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J
  Title
MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
  Journal
Nature 415:977-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415977a
Reference
PMID:15922649
  Authors
Zipfel C, Felix G
  Title
Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes?
  Journal
Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:353-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.004
Reference
PMID:17451411
  Authors
He P, Shan L, Sheen J
  Title
Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 9:1385-96 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00944.x
Reference
PMID:17876517
  Authors
de Wit PJ
  Title
How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2726-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-007-7284-7
Reference
PMID:16497589
  Authors
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ
  Title
Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
  Journal
Cell 124:803-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.008
Reference
PMID:16677430
  Authors
McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW
  Title
Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards.
  Journal
Genome Biol 7:212 (2006)
DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-4-212
Reference
PMID:11459065
  Authors
Dangl JL, Jones JD
  Title
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
  Journal
Nature 411:826-33 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35081161
Reference
PMID:17108957
  Authors
Jones JD, Dangl JL
  Title
The plant immune system.
  Journal
Nature 444:323-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nature05286
Reference
PMID:16697674
  Authors
da Cunha L, McFall AJ, Mackey D
  Title
Innate immunity in plants: a continuum of layered defenses.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 8:1372-81 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.018
Reference
PMID:15862106
  Authors
Mudgett MB
  Title
New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants.
  Journal
Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:509-31 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144218
Reference
PMID:17714518
  Authors
Ma W, Berkowitz GA
  Title
The grateful dead: calcium and cell death in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 9:2571-85 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01031.x
Reference
PMID:14711430
  Authors
Schulze-Lefert P
  Title
Plant immunity: the origami of receptor activation.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R22-4 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.017
Reference
PMID:9868361
  Authors
Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD
  Title
Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept.
  Journal
Trends Biochem Sci 23:454-6 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01311-5
Reference
PMID:16936700
  Authors
Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB
  Title
Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:601-11 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1984
Related
pathway
sind04144  Endocytosis
KO pathway
ko04626   
LinkDB

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