KEGG pathway modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:T31018_00010 T31018_01200 T31018_01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:T31018_00010 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:T31018_00010 T31018_00020 T31018_01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:T31018_00010 T31018_00020 T31018_00620 T31018_01200 T31018_01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:T31018_00020 T31018_01200 T31018_01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:T31018_00020 T31018_01200 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:T31018_00020 T31018_01200 T31018_01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_00230 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:T31018_00040 T31018_01100]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:T31018_00040 T31018_00030 T31018_01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:T31018_00040 T31018_00030 T31018_01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:T31018_00052 T31018_01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:T31018_00052 T31018_01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:T31018_00051 T31018_00053 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:T31018_00500 T31018_01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:T31018_00500 T31018_01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:T31018_00520 T31018_01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:T31018_00520 T31018_00052 T31018_01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:T31018_00630 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00373 Ethylmalonyl pathway [PATH:T31018_00630 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:T31018_00280 T31018_00630 T31018_00640 T31018_01200 T31018_01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:T31018_00710 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00166 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, ribulose-5P => glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:T31018_00710 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00167 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, glyceraldehyde-3P => ribulose-5P [PATH:T31018_00710 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:T31018_00620 T31018_00710 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:T31018_00620 T31018_00710 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:T31018_00620 T31018_00710 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:T31018_00430 T31018_00620 T31018_00720 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Methane metabolism
M00174 Methane oxidation, methanotroph, methane => formaldehyde [PATH:T31018_00680 T31018_01200 T31018_01220 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00346 Formaldehyde assimilation, serine pathway [PATH:T31018_00680 T31018_01200 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:T31018_00030 T31018_00680 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00378 F420 biosynthesis [PATH:T31018_00680 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:T31018_00910 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:T31018_00910 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:T31018_00910 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00528 Nitrification, ammonia => nitrite [PATH:T31018_00910 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00804 Complete nitrification, comammox, ammonia => nitrite => nitrate [PATH:T31018_00910 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:T31018_00920 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00596 Dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:T31018_00920 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:T31018_00920 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [BR:ko00194] [PATH:T31018_00195]
M00163 Photosystem I [BR:ko00194] [PATH:T31018_00195]
M00597 Anoxygenic photosystem II [BR:ko00194]

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:T31018_00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:T31018_00190 T31018_00195]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:T31018_00061 T31018_01212 T31018_01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:T31018_00061 T31018_01212 T31018_01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:T31018_00062 T31018_01212 T31018_01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:T31018_00061 T31018_00071 T31018_01212 T31018_01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:T31018_00071 T31018_01212 T31018_01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:T31018_01040 T31018_01212 T31018_01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00088 Ketone body biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA => acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate/acetone [PATH:T31018_00072 T31018_01100]
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:T31018_00561 T31018_01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:T31018_00561 T31018_01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:T31018_00564 T31018_01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:T31018_00564 T31018_01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:T31018_00600 T31018_01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:T31018_00600 T31018_01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:T31018_00230 T31018_01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:T31018_00230 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:T31018_00230 T31018_01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:T31018_00230 T31018_01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:T31018_00240 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:T31018_00240 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00053 Pyrimidine deoxyribonuleotide biosynthesis, CDP/CTP => dCDP/dCTP,dTDP/dTTP [PATH:T31018_00240 T31018_01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:T31018_00240 T31018_01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:T31018_00260 T31018_00680 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:T31018_00260 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:T31018_00260 T31018_01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:T31018_00260 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:T31018_00270 T31018_00920 T31018_01200 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:T31018_00260 T31018_00270 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, apartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:T31018_00270 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:T31018_00270 T31018_01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:T31018_00270 T31018_01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:T31018_00290 T31018_00770 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:T31018_00290 T31018_00660 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:T31018_00290 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:T31018_00290 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:T31018_00280 T31018_01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:T31018_00300 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:T31018_00300 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:T31018_00300 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:T31018_00220 T31018_01210 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:T31018_00220 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00845 Arginine biosynthesis, glutamate => acetylcitrulline => arginine [PATH:T31018_00220 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:T31018_00330 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:T31018_00330 T31018_01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:T31018_00330 T31018_01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:T31018_00330 T31018_01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:T31018_00330 T31018_01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:T31018_00330 T31018_01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:T31018_00340 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:T31018_00340 T31018_01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:T31018_00400 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:T31018_00400 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:T31018_00400 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:T31018_00400 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:T31018_00400 T31018_01230 T31018_01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:T31018_00400 T31018_01230 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:T31018_00350 T31018_01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:T31018_00350 T31018_01220 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:T31018_00380 T31018_01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:T31018_00250 T31018_00650 T31018_01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:T31018_00480 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:T31018_00510 T31018_01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:T31018_00532 T31018_01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00866 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, non-LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:T31018_00540 T31018_01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:T31018_00540 T31018_01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:T31018_00540 T31018_01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:T31018_00730 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:T31018_00730 T31018_01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:T31018_00740 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:T31018_00750 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:T31018_00750 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:T31018_00760 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:T31018_00380 T31018_00760 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:T31018_00770 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:T31018_00770 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00914 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, archaea, 2-oxoisovalerate => 4-phosphopantoate => CoA [PATH:T31018_00770 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:T31018_00780 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:T31018_00780 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:T31018_00785 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:T31018_00785 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:T31018_00790 T31018_00670 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:T31018_00790 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:T31018_00670 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:T31018_00860 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:T31018_00130 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:T31018_00130 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:T31018_00130 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:T31018_00130 T31018_01240 T31018_01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:T31018_00130 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:T31018_00130 T31018_01240 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:T31018_00900 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:T31018_00900 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:T31018_00521 T31018_00523 T31018_00541 T31018_01100 T31018_01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:T31018_00362 T31018_00622 T31018_01220 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:T31018_00362 T31018_01220 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:T31018_00362 T31018_00622 T31018_01220 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:T31018_00360 T31018_01220 T31018_01100 T31018_01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00612 Anoxygenic photosynthesis in purple bacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation