KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:aall00010 aall01200 aall01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:aall00010 aall01200 aall01230 aall01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:aall00010 aall00020 aall01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:aall00010 aall00020 aall00620 aall00785 aall01200 aall01210 aall01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:aall00020 aall01200 aall01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:aall00020 aall01200 aall01210 aall01230 aall01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:aall00020 aall01200 aall01210 aall01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:aall00030 aall01200 aall01230 aall01100 aall01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:aall00030 aall00230 aall01200 aall01230 aall01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:aall00040 aall00030 aall01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:aall00052 aall01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:aall00500 aall01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:aall00630 aall01200 aall01100 aall01110]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:aall00640 aall00020 aall01200 aall01100 aall01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:aall00620 aall00710 aall01200 aall01100 aall01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:aall00430 aall00620 aall00720 aall01200 aall01100 aall01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:aall00910 aall01310 aall01100 aall01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:aall00920 aall01320 aall01100 aall01120]
M00986 Sulfur reduction, sulfur => sulfide [PATH:aall00920 aall01320 aall01100 aall01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:aall00190 aall01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:aall00190 aall01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:aall00190 aall01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:aall00190 aall01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:aall00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:aall00190 aall01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:aall00190 aall01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:aall00061 aall01212 aall01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:aall00061 aall01212 aall01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:aall00061 aall00071 aall01212 aall01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:aall00071 aall01212 aall01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:aall00564 aall01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:aall00230 aall01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:aall00230 aall01232 aall01240 aall01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:aall00230 aall01232 aall01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:aall00230 aall00240 aall01232 aall01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:aall00230 aall01232 aall01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:aall00230 aall01232 aall01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:aall00240 aall01240 aall01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:aall00240 aall01232 aall01240 aall01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:aall00240 aall01232 aall01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:aall00260 aall00680 aall01200 aall01230 aall01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:aall00260 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:aall00260 aall00630 aall00670 aall00785 aall01200 aall01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:aall00270 aall00920 aall01320 aall01200 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:aall00270 aall01230 aall01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:aall00290 aall00770 aall01210 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:aall00290 aall01230 aall01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:aall00290 aall01210 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:aall00280 aall01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:aall00300 aall01230 aall01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:aall00220 aall01210 aall01230 aall01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:aall00220 aall01230 aall01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:aall00330 aall01230 aall01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:aall00330 aall01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:aall00340 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:aall00340 aall01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:aall00400 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:aall00400 aall01230 aall01100 aall01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:aall00400 aall01230 aall01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:aall00350 aall01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:aall00250 aall00650 aall01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:aall00480 aall01240 aall01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:aall00520 aall01250 aall01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:aall00520 aall01250 aall01100 aall01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:aall00520 aall01250 aall01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:aall00520 aall01250 aall01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:aall00520 aall00053 aall01250 aall01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:aall00520 aall00052 aall01250 aall01100]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:aall00541 aall01250 aall01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:aall00541]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:aall00541 aall01250 aall01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:aall00521 aall00523 aall00541 aall01250 aall01100 aall01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:aall00540 aall01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:aall00730 aall01240 aall01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:aall00740 aall01240 aall01100 aall01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:aall00750 aall01240 aall01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:aall00760 aall01240 aall01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:aall00770 aall01240 aall01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:aall00780 aall01240 aall01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:aall00785 aall01240 aall01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:aall00790 aall00670 aall01240 aall01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:aall00790 aall01240 aall01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:aall00670 aall01240 aall01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:aall00860 aall01240 aall01100 aall01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:aall00860 aall01240 aall01100 aall01110]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:aall00130 aall01240 aall01100 aall01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:aall00130 aall01240 aall01100 aall01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:aall00130 aall01240 aall01100 aall01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation