KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:abe00010 abe01200 abe01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:abe00010 abe01200 abe01230 abe01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:abe00010 abe00020 abe01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:abe00010 abe00020 abe00620 abe00785 abe01200 abe01210 abe01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:abe00020 abe01200 abe01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:abe00020 abe01200 abe01210 abe01230 abe01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:abe00020 abe01200 abe01210 abe01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:abe00030 abe01200 abe01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:abe00030 abe01200 abe01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:abe00030 abe01200 abe01230 abe01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:abe00030 abe00230 abe01200 abe01230 abe01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:abe00052 abe01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:abe00500 abe01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:abe00500 abe01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:abe00630 abe01200 abe01100 abe01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:abe00410 abe00640 abe01200 abe01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:abe00640 abe00020 abe01200 abe01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:abe00620 abe00710 abe01200 abe01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:abe00430 abe00620 abe01200 abe01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:abe00910 abe01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:abe00920 abe01320 abe01100]
M00986 Sulfur reduction, sulfur => sulfide [PATH:abe00920 abe01320 abe01100]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:abe00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:abe00190 abe01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:abe00061 abe01212 abe01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:abe00061 abe01212 abe01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:abe00061 abe00071 abe01212 abe01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:abe00071 abe01212 abe01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:abe00561 abe01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:abe00564 abe01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:abe00564 abe01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:abe00564 abe01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:abe00600 abe01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:abe00600 abe01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:abe00600 abe01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:abe00230 abe01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:abe00230 abe01232 abe01240 abe01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:abe00230 abe01232 abe01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:abe00230 abe00240 abe01232 abe01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:abe00230 abe01232 abe01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:abe00230 abe01232 abe01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:abe00240 abe01240 abe01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:abe00240 abe01232 abe01240 abe01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:abe00240 abe01232 abe01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:abe00260 abe00680 abe01200 abe01230 abe01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:abe00260 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:abe00260 abe00630 abe00670 abe00785 abe01200 abe01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:abe00260 abe00670 abe01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:abe00270 abe00920 abe01320 abe01200 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:abe00260 abe00270 abe00670 abe01230 abe01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:abe00270 abe01230 abe01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:abe00270 abe00670 abe01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:abe00290 abe00770 abe01210 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:abe00290 abe01230 abe01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:abe00290 abe01210 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:abe00280 abe01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:abe00300 abe01230 abe01100]
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:abe00300 abe01230 abe01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH:abe00300 abe01210 abe01230 abe01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:abe00220 abe01210 abe01230 abe01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:abe00220 abe01230 abe01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:abe00330 abe01230 abe01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:abe00330 abe01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:abe00330 abe01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:abe00340 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:abe00340 abe01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:abe00400 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:abe00400 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:abe00400 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:abe00400 abe01230 abe01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:abe00400 abe01230 abe01100 abe01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:abe00350 abe01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:abe00250 abe00650 abe01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:abe00480 abe01240 abe01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:abe00520 abe01250 abe01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:abe00520 abe01250 abe01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:abe00520 abe01250 abe01100 abe01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:abe00520 abe01250 abe01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:abe00520 abe01250 abe01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:abe00520 abe00052 abe01250 abe01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:abe00520 abe00053 abe01250 abe01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:abe00520 abe00052 abe01250 abe01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:abe00520 abe01250 abe01100]
M00923 UDP-L-FucNAc biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-L-FucNAc [PATH:abe00541 abe01250 abe01100]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:abe00541 abe01250 abe01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:abe00541 abe01250 abe01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:abe00541 abe01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:abe00541 abe01250 abe01100 abe01110]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:abe00510 abe01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:abe00510 abe01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:abe01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:abe00730 abe01240 abe01100]
M00898 Thiamine biosynthesis, pyridoxal-5P => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:abe00730 abe01240 abe01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:abe00730 abe01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:abe00740 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:abe00750 abe01240 abe01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:abe00750 abe01240 abe01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:abe00760 abe01240 abe01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:abe00770 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:abe00770 abe01240 abe01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:abe00780 abe01240 abe01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:abe00780 abe01240 abe01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:abe00785 abe01240 abe01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:abe00785 abe01240 abe01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:abe00790 abe00670 abe01240 abe01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:abe00790 abe01240 abe01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:abe00790 abe01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:abe00670 abe01240 abe01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:abe00670 abe01240 abe01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:abe00860 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:abe00860 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:abe00860 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:abe00130 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:abe00130 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:abe00130 abe01240 abe01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:abe00130 abe01240 abe01100 abe01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:abe00900 abe01100 abe01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:abe00900 abe01100 abe01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00963 Chanoclavine aldehyde biosynthesis, tryptophan => chanoclavine-I aldehyde [PATH:abe00901 abe01100 abe01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
M00672 Penicillin biosynthesis, aminoadipate + cycteine + valine => penicillin [PATH:abe00311 abe01100 abe01110]

Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:abe01100]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:abe01100]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:abe01100]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
M00649 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AdeABC [PATH:abe01501]

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation