KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:aci00010 aci01200 aci01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:aci00010 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:aci00010 aci00020 aci01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:aci00010 aci00020 aci00620 aci00785 aci01200 aci01210 aci01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:aci00020 aci01200 aci01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:aci00020 aci01200 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:aci00020 aci01200 aci01210 aci01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:aci00030 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:aci00030 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:aci00030 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100 aci01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:aci00030 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100 aci01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:aci00030 aci00230 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:aci00030 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]
M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:aci00030 aci00052 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:aci00052 aci01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:aci00052 aci01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:aci00500 aci01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:aci00500 aci01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:aci00500 aci01100 aci01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:aci00630 aci01200 aci01100 aci01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:aci00280 aci00630 aci00640 aci01200 aci01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:aci00640 aci00020 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:aci00620 aci00710 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:aci00620 aci00710 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]
M00375 Hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle [PATH:aci00720 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:aci00430 aci00620 aci00720 aci01200 aci01100 aci01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:aci00030 aci00680 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100 aci01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:aci00910 aci01310 aci01100 aci01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:aci00910 aci01310 aci01100 aci01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:aci00910 aci01310 aci01100 aci01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:aci00910 aci01310 aci01100 aci01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:aci00920 aci01320 aci01100 aci01120]
M00596 Dissimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:aci00920 aci01320 aci01100 aci01120]
M00595 Sulfur oxidation, SOX system, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:aci00920 aci01320 aci01100 aci01120]
M00984 Sulfur oxidation, tetrathionate intermediate (S4I) pathway, thiosulfate => sulfur + sulfate + thiosulfate [PATH:aci00920 aci01320 aci01100 aci01120]
M00986 Sulfur reduction, sulfur => sulfide [PATH:aci00920 aci01320 aci01100 aci01120]
M00985 Sulfide oxidation, sulfide => sulfur [PATH:aci00920 aci01320 aci01100 aci01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:aci00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:aci00190 aci01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:aci00061 aci01212 aci01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:aci00061 aci01212 aci01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:aci00061 aci00071 aci01212 aci01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:aci00071 aci01212 aci01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:aci00564 aci01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:aci00564 aci01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:aci00230 aci01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:aci00230 aci01232 aci01240 aci01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:aci00230 aci01232 aci01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:aci00230 aci00240 aci01232 aci01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:aci00230 aci01232 aci01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:aci00230 aci01232 aci01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:aci00230 aci01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:aci00240 aci01240 aci01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:aci00240 aci01232 aci01240 aci01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:aci00240 aci01232 aci01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:aci00240 aci00410 aci00770 aci01100]
M00939 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => 3-hydroxypropanoate [PATH:aci00240 aci01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:aci00260 aci00680 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:aci00260 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:aci00260 aci00630 aci00670 aci00785 aci01200 aci01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:aci00260 aci00670 aci01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:aci00260 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100 aci01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:aci00270 aci00920 aci01320 aci01200 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:aci00260 aci00270 aci00670 aci01230 aci01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:aci00270 aci01230 aci01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:aci00270 aci01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:aci00270 aci00670 aci01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:aci00290 aci00770 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:aci00290 aci01230 aci01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:aci00290 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:aci00300 aci01230 aci01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:aci00300 aci01230 aci01100]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:aci00300 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:aci00220 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100]
M00763 Ornithine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:aci00220 aci01210 aci01230 aci01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:aci00220 aci01230 aci01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:aci00220 aci01100 aci01110]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:aci00330 aci01230 aci01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:aci00330 aci01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:aci00330 aci01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:aci00330 aci01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:aci00330 aci01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:aci00330 aci01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:aci00340 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:aci00340 aci01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:aci00400 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:aci00400 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:aci00400 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:aci00400 aci01230 aci01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:aci00400 aci01230 aci01100 aci01110]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:aci00350 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:aci00250 aci00650 aci01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:aci00480 aci01240 aci01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:aci00520 aci01250 aci01100]
M01002 UDP-GalNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-GalNAc [PATH:aci00520 aci01250 aci01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:aci00520 aci01250 aci01100 aci01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:aci00520 aci01250 aci01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:aci00520 aci01250 aci01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:aci00520 aci00052 aci01250 aci01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:aci00520 aci00053 aci01250 aci01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:aci00520 aci00052 aci01250 aci01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:aci00520 aci01250 aci01100]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:aci00541]
M00923 UDP-L-FucNAc biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-L-FucNAc [PATH:aci00541 aci01250 aci01100]
M01011 CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac biosynthesis, UDP-BacNAc4NAc => CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac [PATH:aci00541]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:aci00541 aci01250 aci01100]
M01014 UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-ManNAcA [PATH:aci00541]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:aci00541 aci01250 aci01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:aci00521 aci00523 aci00541 aci01250 aci01100 aci01110]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:aci00541]

Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:aci00730 aci01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:aci00740 aci01240 aci01100 aci01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:aci00750 aci01240 aci01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:aci00760 aci01240 aci01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:aci00770 aci01240 aci01100 aci01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:aci00770 aci01240 aci01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:aci00780 aci01240 aci01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:aci00780 aci01240 aci01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:aci00785 aci01240 aci01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:aci00785 aci01240 aci01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:aci00790 aci00670 aci01240 aci01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:aci00790 aci01240 aci01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:aci00790 aci01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:aci00670 aci01240 aci01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:aci00860 aci01240 aci01100 aci01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:aci00860 aci01240 aci01100 aci01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:aci00860 aci01240 aci01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:aci00860 aci01240 aci01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:aci00130 aci01240 aci01100 aci01110]
M00931 Menaquinone biosynthesis, modified futalosine pathway [PATH:aci00130 aci01240 aci01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:aci00900 aci01100 aci01110]
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:aci00900 aci01100 aci01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:aci00900 aci01100 aci01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:aci00900 aci01100 aci01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:aci00900 aci01100 aci01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
M00778 Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:aci01100 aci01110]

Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:aci00361 aci00362 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:aci00362 aci00622 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:aci00627 aci01100 aci01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:aci00362 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:aci00362 aci00622 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]
M00638 Salicylate degradation, salicylate => gentisate [PATH:aci00626 aci01100 aci01120]
M00623 Phthalate degradation, phthalate => protocatechuate [PATH:aci00624 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:aci00360 aci01220 aci01100 aci01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00851 Carbapenem resistance [PATH:aci01501]
M00627 beta-Lactam resistance, Bla system [PATH:aci01501]
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
M00649 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AdeABC [PATH:aci01501]
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC
M00705 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MepA

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation