KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:alat00010 alat01200 alat01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:alat00010 alat01200 alat01230 alat01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:alat00010 alat00020 alat01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:alat00010 alat00020 alat00620 alat01200 alat01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:alat00020 alat01200 alat01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:alat00020 alat01200 alat01210 alat01230 alat01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:alat00020 alat01200 alat01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:alat00030 alat01200 alat01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:alat00030 alat01200 alat01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:alat00030 alat01200 alat01230 alat01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:alat00030 alat00230 alat01200 alat01230 alat01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:alat00040 alat01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:alat00052 alat01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:alat00500 alat01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:alat00500 alat01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:alat00520 alat01250 alat01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:alat00520 alat00052 alat01250 alat01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:alat00520 alat01250 alat01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:alat00280 alat00630 alat00640 alat01200 alat01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:alat00562 alat01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:alat00562 alat01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:alat00562 alat01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:alat00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:alat00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:alat00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:alat00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:alat00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:alat00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:alat00061 alat01212 alat01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:alat00061 alat01212 alat01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:alat00061 alat01212 alat01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:alat00062 alat01212 alat01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:alat00062 alat01040 alat01212 alat01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:alat00061 alat00071 alat01212 alat01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:alat00071 alat01212 alat01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:alat01040 alat01212 alat01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:alat00100 alat01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:alat00100 alat01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:alat00140 alat01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:alat00140 alat01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:alat00140 alat01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:alat00561 alat01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:alat00561 alat01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:alat00564 alat01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:alat00564 alat01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:alat00564 alat01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:alat00600 alat01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:alat00600 alat01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:alat00600 alat00565 alat01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:alat00600 alat01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:alat00600 alat01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:alat00230 alat01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:alat00230 alat01232 alat01240 alat01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:alat00230 alat01232 alat01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:alat00230 alat00240 alat01232 alat01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:alat00230 alat01232 alat01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:alat00230 alat01232 alat01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:alat00230 alat01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:alat00240 alat01240 alat01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:alat00240 alat01232 alat01240 alat01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:alat00240 alat01232 alat01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:alat00240 alat00410 alat00770 alat01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:alat00260 alat01200 alat01230 alat01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:alat00260 alat00630 alat01200 alat01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:alat00260 alat01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:alat00260 alat00270 alat01230 alat01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:alat00270 alat01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:alat00270 alat01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:alat00280 alat01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:alat00310 alat01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:alat00220 alat01230 alat01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:alat00220 alat01230 alat01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:alat00330 alat01230 alat01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:alat00330 alat01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:alat00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:alat00330 alat01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:alat00330 alat01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:alat00330 alat01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:alat00340 alat01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:alat00350 alat01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:alat00350 alat01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:alat00380 alat01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:alat00380 alat01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:alat00250 alat00650 alat01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:alat00480 alat01240 alat01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:alat00510 alat01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:alat00510 alat01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:alat00510 alat01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:alat00515 alat01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:alat00563 alat01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:alat00601 alat01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:alat00601 alat01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:alat00604 alat01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:alat00532 alat00534 alat01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:alat00532 alat01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:alat00534 alat01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:alat00531 alat01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:alat00531 alat01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:alat00531 alat01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:alat00531 alat01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:alat00380 alat00760 alat01240 alat01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:alat00770 alat01240 alat01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:alat00790 alat01240 alat01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:alat00790 alat01240 alat01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:alat00670 alat01240 alat01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:alat00860 alat01240 alat01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:alat00130 alat01240 alat01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:alat00900 alat01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity