KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:api00010 api01200 api01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:api00010 api01200 api01230 api01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:api00010 api00020 api01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:api00010 api00020 api00620 api00785 api01200 api01210 api01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:api00020 api01200 api01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:api00020 api01200 api01210 api01230 api01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:api00020 api01200 api01210 api01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:api00030 api01200 api01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:api00030 api01200 api01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:api00030 api01200 api01230 api01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:api00030 api00230 api01200 api01230 api01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:api00040 api01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:api00052 api01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:api00500 api01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:api00500 api01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:api00630 api01200 api01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:api00640 api00020 api01200 api01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:api00562 api01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:api00620 api01200 api01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:api00430 api00620 api01200 api01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:api00190 api01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:api00190 api01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:api00061 api01212 api01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:api00061 api01212 api01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:api00062 api01212 api01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:api00061 api00071 api01212 api01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:api00071 api01212 api01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:api01040 api01212 api01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:api00561 api01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:api00564 api01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:api00564 api01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:api00564 api01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:api00600 api01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:api00600 api01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:api00600 api01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:api00230 api01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:api00230 api01232 api01240 api01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:api00230 api01232 api01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:api00230 api00240 api01232 api01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:api00240 api01240 api01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:api00240 api01232 api01240 api01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:api00240 api01232 api01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:api00240 api00410 api00770 api01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:api00260 api01200 api01230 api01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:api00260 api01230 api01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:api00260 api00630 api00670 api00785 api01200 api01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:api00270 api00920 api01320 api01200 api01230 api01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:api00260 api00270 api00670 api01230 api01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:api00270 api00670 api01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:api00290 api00770 api01210 api01230 api01100]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:api00290 api01210 api01230 api01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:api00290 api01230 api01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:api00290 api01210 api01230 api01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:api00280 api01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:api01230 api01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:api01230 api01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:api00220 api01210 api01230 api01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:api00220 api01230 api01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:api00330 api01230 api01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:api00330 api01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:api00330 api01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:api00340 api01230 api01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:api00400 api01230 api01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:api00400 api01230 api01100]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:api00400 api01230 api01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:api00400 api01230 api01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:api00350 api01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:api00250 api00650 api01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:api00480 api01240 api01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00892 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, eukaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:api00520 api01250 api01100]
M00909 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, prokaryotes, Fru-6P => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:api00520 api01250 api01100]
M01003 UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, GlcNAc => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:api00520 api01250 api01100]
M00996 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, anhMurNAc => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:api00520 api01250 api01100]
M00995 UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis, Fru-6P => UDP-MurNAc [PATH:api00520 api01250 api01100]
M00549 UDP-Glc biosynthesis, Glc => UDP-Glc [PATH:api00520 api01250 api01100]
M01004 UDP-Galf biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-Galf [PATH:api00520 api00052 api01250 api01100]
M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:api00520 api00053 api01250 api01100]
M00554 UDP-Gal biosynthesis, Gal => UDP-Gal [PATH:api00520 api00052 api01250 api01100]
M01000 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Fru-6P => GDP-Man [PATH:api00520 api00051 api01250 api01100]
M01015 GDP-Man biosynthesis, Man => GDP-Man [PATH:api00520 api00051 api01250 api01100]
M01036 UDP-GalNAcA biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => UDP-GalNAcA [PATH:api00541 api01250 api01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:api00541 api01250 api01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-Rha biosynthesis, Glc-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:api00541 api01250 api01100]
M01016 GDP-L-Fuc biosynthesis, GDP-Man => GDP-L-Fuc [PATH:api00541 api00051 api01250 api01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:api00510 api01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:api00510 api00513 api01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:api00510 api01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:api00563 api01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:api00532 api00534 api01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:api00534 api01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:api00730 api01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:api00750 api01240 api01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:api00770 api01240 api01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:api00780 api01240 api01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:api00780 api01240 api01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:api00785 api01240 api01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:api00785 api01240 api01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:api00785 api01240 api01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:api00790 api01240 api01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:api00790 api01240 api01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:api00790 api01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:api00670 api01240 api01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:api00670 api01240 api01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:api00860 api01240 api01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:api00860 api01240 api01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:api00860 api01240 api01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:api00130 api01240 api01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:api00900 api01100]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:api00900 api01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:api00900 api01100]

Terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 Lycopene biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl-PP => lycopene [PATH:api01100]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Biosynthesis of other compounds
M01013 Molting hormone biosynthesis, insects, 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone => ecdysone => 20-hydroxyecdysone [PATH:api00981 api01100]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:api01100]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:api01100]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:api01100]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:api01100]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity